Effectiveness of personal protective equipment: Relevance of dermal and inhalation exposure to chlorpyrifos among pest control operators

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

Volumn 1, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 355-362

  Van Der Jagt, Katinka ^a   Tielemans, Erik ^a   Links, Ingrid ^a   Brouwer, Dick ^a   Van Hemmen, Joop ^a  

^a TNO   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Chlorpyrifos; Intervention research; Personal protective equipment; Pest control operator

Indexed keywords

CHLORPYRIFOS; PYRIDINOL;

ARTICLE; GLOVE; HUMAN; MASK; PEST CONTROL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT; SHOE; URINE; WORKER;

ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS; CHLORPYRIFOS; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HUMANS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; INSECT CONTROL; INSECTICIDES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PROTECTIVE DEVICES;

EID: 2542419885     PISSN: 15459624     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15459620490449710     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Ellenbecker, M.J.: Engineering controls as an intervention to reduce worker exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 29:30-307 (1996).
2. Lazovich, D., D.L. Parker, L.M. Brosseau et al.: Effectiveness of a worksite intervention to reduce an occupational exposure: The Minnesota wood dust study. Am. J. Public Health 92:1498-1505 (2002).
3. Goldenhar, L.M., and P.A. Schulte: Intervention research in occupational health and safety. JOM 36:763-775 (1994).
4. Goldenhar, L.M., and P.A. Schulte: Methodological issues for intervention research in occupational health and safety. Am. J. Ind. Med. 29:289-294 (1996).
5. Cattani, M., K. Cena, J. Edwards, and D. Pisaniello: Potential dermal and inhalation exposure to chlorpyrifos in Australian pesticide workers. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 45:299-308 (2001).
6. Brouwer, D.H., H. Marquart, and J.J. van Hemmen: Proposal for an approach with default values for the protection offered by PPE, under European new and existing substances regulations. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 45:543-553 (2001).
7. Brosseau, L.M., D.L. Parker, D. Lazovich, T. Milton, and S. Dugan: Designing intervention effectiveness studies for occupational health and safety: The Minnesota wood dust study. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:54-61 (2002).
8. Brouwer, D.H., J.C. Ravensberg, W.L.A.M. de Kort, and J.J. van Hemmen: A personal sampler for inhalable mixed-phase aerosols. Modification to an existing sampler and validation test with three pesticides. Chemosphere 28:1135-1146 (1994).
9. Meuling, W.J.A., A.A. Vink, L.C. Ravensberg, L. Roza, and J.J. van Hemmen: Dermal absorption of chlorpyrifos in human volunteers. TNO Report V3060 (2004).
10. Fenske, R.A., and K.P. Elkner: Multi-route exposure assessment and biological monitoring of urban pesticide applicators during structural control treatments with chlorpyrifos. Tox. Ind. Health 6:349-371 (1990).
11. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): Guidance Document for the Conduct of Studies of Occupational Exposure to Pesticides During Agricultural Application. OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment No. 9. Paris: OECD, 1997.
12. SAS: SAS Systemfor Windows, Version 8.1. [Computer Software.] SAS, 1999-2001.
13. Hornung, R.W., and L. Reed: Estimation of average concentration in the presence of non-detectable values. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 5:46-51 (1990).
14. Zwerling, J.F., L. Daltroy, L. Fine, J. Johnston, J. Melius, and B. Silverstein: Design and conduct of occupational injury intervention studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 32:164-179 (1997).
15. Brouwer, D.H., J.A.F. de Vreede, W.J.A. Meuling, and J.J. van Hemmen: Determination of the efficiency for pesticide exposure reduction with protective clothing: A field study using biological monitoring. In Worker Exposure to Agrichemicals, H.C. Honeycutt (ed.). ACS Symposium Series. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC/Lewis Publishers, 2000. pp. 63-84.
16. Nolan, R.J., D.L. Rick, N.L. Freshour, and J.H. Saunders: Chlorpyrifos: Pharmacokinetics in human volunteers. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 73:8-15 (1984).
17. Hines, C.J., and J.A. Deddens: Determinants of chlorpyrifos exposures and urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol levels among termiticide applicators. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 45:309-321 (2001).
18. Cock de, J., D. Heederik, F. Hoek, J.S.M. Boleij, and H. Kromhout: Urinary excretion of tetrahydrophtalimide in fruit growers with dermal exposure to captan. Am. J. Ind. Med. 28:245-256 (1995).
19. Vermeulen, R.: "Genotoxic Exposure and Biological Effects in the Rubber Manufacturing Industry: Relevance of the Dermal Route." PhD diss., Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2001.
20. Bos, P.M.J., D.H. Brouwer, H. Stevenson, P.J. Boogaard, W.L.A.M. de Kort, and J.J. van Hemmen: Proposal for the assessment of quantitative dermal exposure limits in occupational environments. Part 1. Development of a concept for the derivation of a quantitative dermal occupational exposure limit. Occup. Environ. Med. 55:795-804 (1998).
21. Health Council of The Netherlands: Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits: Chlorpyrifos: Health-based reassessment of administrative occupational exposure limits. No. 2000/15OSH/067. The Hague: Health Council of The Netherlands, 2003.
22. Hill, R.H., S.L. Head, S. Baker, M. Gregg, D.B. Shealy, and S.L. Bailey: Pesticide residues in urine of adults living in the United States: Reference range concentrations. Environ. Res. 71:99-108 (1995).
23. MacIntosh, D.L., L.L. Needham, K.A. Hammerstrom, and P.B. Ryan: A longitudinal investigation of selected pesticide metabolites in urine. J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 9:494-501 (1999).
24. Steenland, K., R.B. Dick, R.J. Howell et al.: Neurologic function among termiticide applicators exposed to chlorpyrifos. Environ. Health. Perpect. 108:293-300 (2000).