Derived granitoids and their lower crustal residue: Numerical simulation of the collision-related pliocene Tyrnyauz granites, greater Caucasus

Geochemistry International

Volumn 39, Issue 5, 2001, Pages 487-505

  Rosen, O M ^a  

^a Institute of the Lithosphere of Marginal Seas   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 24944497432     PISSN: 00167029     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. Pearce, J.A., Sources and Settings of Granitic Rocks, Episodes, 1996, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 120-125.
2. Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B.W., and Tindle, A.G., Trace Element Discrimination Diagrams for the Tectonic Interpretation of Granitic Rocks, J. Petrol., 1984, vol. 24, part 4, pp. 956-983.
3. Crawford, M.B. and Windley, B.F., Leucogranites of the Himalayas/Karakorum: Implications for Magmatic Evolution within Collisional Belts and the Study of Collision-Related Leucogranite Petrogenesis, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 1990, vol. 44, pp. 1-19.
4. von Blanckenburg, F. and Davies, J.H., Slab Break off: A Model for Syncollisional Magmatism and Tectonics of the Alps, Tectonics, 1995, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 120-131.
5. Khain, V.E., Tychkov, S.A., and Vladimirov, A.G., Collisional Orogenesis: A Model for the Detachment of a Subducted Slab of the Oceanic Lithosphere during Continental Collision, Geol. Geofiz., 1996, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 5-16.
6. Kay, R.W. and Kay, M., Delamination and Delamination Magmatism, Tectonophysics, 1993, vol. 219, pp. 177-189.
7. Garetovskaya, I.V., Krasnopevtseva, G.V., Sizov, A.V., et al., Study of the Deep Structure of the Northern Caucasus Seismically Hazardous Zone by Seismic Techniques, in Osnovnye problemy seismotektoniki (Basic Problems of Seismotectonics), Moscow: Nauka, 1986, pp. 105-119.
8. Nelson, K.D., Zhao, W., Brown, L.D., et al., Partially Molten Middle Crust beneath Southern Tibet: Synthesis of Project INDEPTH Results, Science, 1996, vol. 274, pp. 1684-1687.
9. Owens, T.J. and Zandt, G., Implications of Crustal Property Variations for Models of Tibetan Plateau Evolution, Nature, 1997, vol. 387, pp. 37-43.
10. Ronov, A.B., Yaroshevskii, A.A., and Migdisov, A.A., Khimicheskoe stroenie zemnoi kory i geokhimicheskii balans glavnykh elementov (Chemical Structure of the Earth's Crust and the Geochemical Balance of Major Elements), Moscow: Nauka, 1990.
11. Gao, S., Zhang, B.-R., Luo, T.-C., et al., Chemical Composition of the Continental Crust in the Qinling Orogenic Belt and Its Adjacent North China and Yangtze Cratons, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1992, vol. 56, pp. 3933-3950.
12. Condie, K.C., Chemical Composition and Evolution of the Upper Continental Crust: Contrasting Results from Surface Samples and Shales, Chem. Geol., 1993, vol. 104, pp. 1-37.
13. Taylor, S.R. and McLennan, S.M., The Geochemical Evolution of the Continental Crust, Rev. Geophys., 1995, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 241-265.
14. Taylor, S.R. and McLennan, S.M., The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution, Cambridge: Blackwell, 1985.
15. Wedepohl, K.H., The Composition of the Continental Crust, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1995, vol. 59, pp. 1217-1232.
16. Rudnick, R.L. and Fountain, D.M., Nature and Composition of the Continental Crust: A Lower Crustal Perspective, Rev. Geophys., Am. Geophys. Union, 1995, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 267-309.
17. Rosen, O.M., Lower Continental Crust Exhumed: Granulite Grade Terranes and Amphibolite Grade Shear Zones in the Anabar Shield, Polar Siberia, Basement Tectonics - 11, Oncken, O. and Janssen, C., Eds., Kluwer, 1996, pp. 67-77.
18. Baranov, G.I., Belov, A.A., and Dotduev, S.I., Greater Caucasus, in Tektonicheskaya rassloennost' lifosfery i regional'nye geologicheskie issledovaniya (Tectonic Stratification of the Lithosphere and Regional Geological Researches), Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 196-214.
19. Milanovskii, E.E., Rastsvetaev, L.M., Kukhmazov, S.U., et al., Newest Geodynamics of the Elbrus-Minvody Area in the Northern Caucasus, Geodinamika Kavkaza (Geodynamics of the Caucasus), Belov, A.A. and Satian, M.A., Eds., Moscow: Nauka, 1989, pp. 99-106.
20. Khain, V.E., Ophiolites and the Nappe Structure of the Forerange of the Northern Caucasus, Tr. Geol. Inst., 1984, issue 382, p. 94.
21. Baranov, G.I. and Grekov, I.I., Problems of the Northern Caucasus Precambrian, in Dokembrii Severnoi Evrazii (North Eurasia Precambrian), St. Petersburg: Inst. Geol. Geokhronol. Dokembriya, 1997, pp. 11-12.
22. Khain, V.E., Regional'naya geotektonika. Al'piiskii Sredizemnomorskii poyas (Regional Geotectonics: The Alpine Mediterranean Belt), Moscow: Nedra, 1984.
23. Simon, A.K. and Chaitskii, V.P., Magmatic Associations in the Northern Caucasus, Petrologiya i rudonosnost' indikatornykh magmaticheskikh formatsii (Petrology and Ore Potential of Indicator Magmatic Associations), Osipov, M.A., Ed., Moscow: Nauka, 1981, pp. 227-257.
24. Bolotov, S.N., Early Cretaceous Magmatism of the Skifsky Platform and Its Relation to the Development of the Black Sea Basin, Tektonika, geodinamika, protsessy magmatizma i metamorfizma (Tectonics, Geodynamics, and Processes of Magmatism and Metamorphism), Karyakin, Yu.V., Ed., Moscow: GEOS, 1999, vol. 1, pp. 90-92.
25. Kaz'min, V.K. and Knipper, A.L., Accretionary Tectonics of the Caucasus, Tektonicheskie protsessy (Tectonic Processes), Pushcharovskii, Yu.M. and Mossakovskii, A.A., Eds., Moscow: Nauka, 1989, pp. 75-89.
26. Gamkrelidze, I.P. and Shengelia, D.M., Petrogenetic Model for the Igneous Rocks of the Dzirul'skii Crystalline Massif in Light of the Tectonic Stratification of the Earth's Crust, Tektonika, geodinamika, protsessy magmatizma i metamorfizma (Tectonics, Geodynamics, and Processes of Magmatism and Metamorphism), Karyakin, Yu.V., Ed., Moscow: GEOS, 1999, vol. 1, pp. 156-159.
27. Abesadze, M.B., Kekeliya, M.A., Mgelashvili, T.N., et al., Pre-Alpine Evolution of the Caucasian Active Paleomargin, Problemy geodinamiki Kavkaza (Geodynamic Problems in the Caucasus), Khain, V.E., Ed., Moscow: Nauka, 1982, pp. 30-41.
28. Lomize, M.G., Regional and Global Events in the Evolution of the Caucasian Geosyncline, in Geologiya i poleznye iskopaemye Bol'shogo Kavkaza (Geology and Mineral Resources of the Greater Caucasus), Moscow: Nauka, 1987, pp. 21-34.
29. Adamia, Sh.A., Belov, A.A., Kekelia, M.A., and Shavishvili, I.D., Paleozoic Tectonic Development of the Caucasus and Turkey, in Pre-Variscan Events in the Alpine-Mediterranean Mountain Belts, Bratislava: Alpha, 1987, pp. 23-50.
30. Zakariadze, G.S., Knipper, A.L., Sobolev, A.V., et al., Structural Setting and Composition of Volcanic Series in the Ophiolites of the Lesser Caucasus, in Okeanicheskii magmatizm, evolyutsiya, geologicheskaya korellyatsiya (Oceanic Magmatism, Evolution, and Geologic Correlation), Moscow: Nauka, 1986, pp. 218-235.
31. Knipper, A.L., Austrian-Phase Motions in the Tethys Oceanic Crust: Manifestations and Possible Driving Forces, Geotektonika, 1985, no. 2, pp. 2-15.
32. Tsameryan, O.P., Zakariadze, G.S., Sobolev, A.V., and Kononkova, N.N., Systematics of Ophiolitic Volcanic Series in the Lesser Caucasus on the Basis of Their Rock and Melt Compositions, Geokhimiya, 1988, no. 8, pp. 1140-1159.
33. Belov, A.A. and Omel'chenko, V.L., Late Variscan and Post-Variscan Thrusting in the Pre-Late Jurassic Basement of the Northern Caucasus, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Geol. Razved., 1986, no. 9, pp. 14-20.
34. Koronovskii, N.V., Geodynamic Environments of Late Cenozoic Volcanism in the Aegean, Anatolian, and Caucasian Regions, Central Alpine Foldbelt, Vestn. Mask. Univ., Ser. 4, Geol., 1994, no. 1, pp. 35-48.
35. Khain, V.E. and Balukhovskii, A.N., Istoricheskaya geotektonika. Mezozoi i kainozoi (Historical Geotectonics: The Mesozoic and Cenozoic), Moscow: Nedra, 1993.
36. Shcherba, I.G., Olistostromes and the Problems of Cenozoic Tectonics in the Greater Caucasus, in Geologiya i poleznye iskopaemye Bol'shogo Kavkaza (Geology and Mineral Resources of the Greater Caucasus), Moscow: Nauka, 1987, pp. 191-200.
37. Philip, H., Cisternas, A., Gvishiani, A., and Gorshkov, A., The Caucasus: An Example of the Initial Stages of Continental Collision, Tectonophysics, 1989, vol. 161, pp. 1-21.
38. Kozhevnikov, A.V., Anthropogene Stratigraphy of the Greater Caucasus as the Basis of Neotectonic Reconstructions, in Geologiya i poleznye iskopaemye Bol'shogo Kavkaza (Geology and Mineral Resources of the Greater Caucasus), Moscow: Nauka, 1987, pp. 207-215.
39. Dotduev, S.I., Mesozoic-Cenozoic Geodynamics of the Greater Caucasus, Geodinamika Kavkaza (Geodynamics of the Caucasus), Belov, A.A. and Satian, M.A., Eds., Moscow: Nauka, 1989, pp. 82-92.
40. Dotduev, S.I., On the Nappe Structure of the Greater Caucasus, Geotektonika, 1986, pp. 94-106.
41. Georgbiani, T.V., Late Cenozoic Geodynamics of the Greater Caucasus, Tektonika, geodinamika, protsessy maginatizma i metamorfizina (Tectonics, Geodynamics, and the Processes of Magmatism and Metamorphism), Karyakin, Yu.V., Ed., Moscow: GEOS, 1999, vol. 1, pp. 174-177.
42. Bayer, R., Masson, F., Doerfingler, E., et al., The Present Strainfield in the Lesser Caucasus: Setting of a GPS Network in Armenia, EUG 10, J. Conf. Abstracts, 1999, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 842.
43. Khakhaev, B.N., Pevzner, L.A., and Kremenetskii, A.A., Research Continental Drilling in Russia: Its Current State and Development Prospects, Razved. Okhr. Nedr, 1994, no. 6, pp. 3-19.
44. Popov, V.S., Kremenetskii, A.A., Lipchanskaya, L.N., and Udod, N.I., Petrology of the El'dzhurtinskii Granite Massif, Northern Caucasus, Based on Deep Drilling Materials: Granite Composition and Its Variations with Depth, Zap. Vseross. Mineral. O-va, 1993, vol. 122, no. 2, pp. 11-29.
45. Lyakhovich, V.V., Svyaz' orudeneniya s magmatizmom (Tyrnyauz) (Relationships between Mineralization and Magmatism: The Example of Tyrnyauz), Moscow: Nauka, 1976.
46. Rosen, O.M., Fonnirovanie nizhnei kory kontinentov: arkheiskie granulity i proterozoiskie razlomy Anabarskogo shchita (Evolution of the Lower Continental Crust: Archean Granulites and Proterozoic Faults at the Anabar Shield), Available from VINITI, 1994, Moscow, no. 1150-V94.
47. Lyapunov, S.M. and Sotskov, Yu.P., Neitronno-aktivatsionnyi analiz geologicheskikh prob na redkie i rasseyannye elementy (Neutron Activation Analysis of Geological Samples for Rare and Trace Elements), Moscow: Vses. Inst. Ekon. Mineral. Syr'ya, 1984.
48. Classification of Igneous Rocks and Glossary of Terms, Le Maitre, R.W. et al., Eds., Oxford: Blackwell, 1989.
49. Magmaticheskie gomye parody, t. 4: Kislye i srednie parody (Igneous Rocks, vol. 4: Acid and Intermediate Rocks), Bogatikov, O.A. and Bogdanova, S.V., Eds., Moscow: Nauka, 1987.
50. Nosova, A.A., Odikadze, G.L., and Dokuchaeva, A.Ya., Tungsten-Bearing Dikes at Deep Levels of the El'dzhurtinskii Granite Massif, Northern Caucasus, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 1996, vol. 346, no. 1, pp. 79-81.
51. Witteickshen, G., Evangelakakis, C., Seck, H.A., et al., Ordering and Exsolution Processes in Cr-rich Alkali Feldspar Megacrysts from the Eldzhurtinski Granite (Caucasus), Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 1996, vol. 124, issue 1, pp. 71-81.
52. Reif, F.G., Kremenetskii, A.A., and Udod, N.I., On the Mechanisms Producing Residual Chambers of Water-rich Granite Melt, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1990, vol. 314, no. 5, pp. 1226-1230.
53. Lyakhovich, V.V., Uger, P., and Siman, P., Hf and Y in Zircon from the Vertical Section of the El'dzhurtinskii Granite, Northern Caucasus, Geokhimiya, 1992, no. 10, pp. 1503-1507.
54. Kostitsyn, Yu.A. and Kremenetskii, A.A., The Age of the Closing Magmatic Stage of the El'dzhurtinskii Granite: Rb-Sr Isochron Dating of Aplite, Geokhimiya, 1995, no. 7, pp. 925-932.
55. Lyakhovich, V.V. and Chernyshev, I.V., On the Probable Origin Depth of the El'dzhurtinskii Granite Magma, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1990, vol. 314, no. 4, pp. 952-954.
56. Lyakhovich, V.V. and Ustinov, V.I., Oxygen Isotopes in the Vertical Section of the El'dzhurtinskii Granite Massif, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 1995, vol. 342, no. 6, pp. 798-800.
57. Khitarov, N.I., Senderov, E.E., Bychkov, A.M., et al., Osobennosti uslovii stanovleniya El'dzhurtinskogo granitnogo massiva (Genesis of the El'dzhurtinskii Granite Massif), Moscow: Nauka, 1980.
58. Vernon, R.H., Restite, Xenoliths, and Microgranitoid Enclaves in Granites, Lour. Proc. R. Soc. New South Wales, 1983, vol. 116, pp. 77-103.
59. Zhuravlev, A.Z. and Negrei, E.V., Coeval Development of the El'dzhurtinskii Granite and Metalliferous Metasomatic Rocks at Tyrnyauz, Northern Caucasus, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 1993, vol. 332, no. 4, pp. 482-485.
60. Hess, J.C., Lippolt, H.J., Gurbanov, A.G., and Michalsky, I., The Cooling History of the Late Pliocene Eldzhurtinskiy Granite (Caucasus, Russia) and the Termochronological Potential of Grain-Size/Age Relationships, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 1993, vol. 117, pp. 393-406.
61. Tveritinova, T.Yu., Destruction Structures in Massifs of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks within Fault Zones and Blocks between Them at the Tyrnyauz Ore Field, Central Caucasus, Bull. Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prir., Otd. Geol., 1995, vol. 70, issue 5, pp. 28-41.
62. Simonov, D.A., Geodynamic Environments of Late Cenozoic Volcanism in the Aegean-Caucasian Segment of the Alpine Foldbelt, Cand. Sci. (Geol.-Mineral.) Dissertation, Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ., 1998.
63. Koronovskii, N.V., Demina, L.I., Simonov, D.A., et al., Late Cenozoic Geodynamics and Continental Volcanism of the Aegean-Anatolian-Caucasian Segment of the Alpine Belt, Tektonika, geodinamika, protsessy magmatizma i metamorfizma (Tectonics, Geodynamics, and the Processes of Magmatism and Metamorphism), Karyakin, Yu.V., Ed., Moscow: GEOS, 1999, vol. 1, pp. 321-325.
64. Shengelaya, F.Sh., Gravitatsionnaya model' zemnoi kory Kavkaza (Gravity Model for the Caucasus Earth Crust), Moscow: Nauka, 1984.
65. Lilienberg, D.A., General and Regional Regularities in the Modern Geodynamics of the Caucasus: Evidence from Geomorphology and Intsrumental Data, in Sovremennye dvizheniya zemnoi kory (Modern Earth Crust Motions), Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1980, pp. 204-217.
66. Kral, J. and Gurbanov, A.G., Apatite Fission Track Data from the Great Caucasus Pre-Alpine Basement, Chem. Erde, 1996, vol. 56, pp. 177-192.
67. Krasnopevsteva, G.V., Deep Structure of the Caucasus, in Geofizicheskie parametry litosfery yuzhnogo sektora Al'piiskogo orogena (Geophysical Parameters of the Lithosphere beneaeth the Southern Sector of the Alpine Orogen), Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1996, pp. 151-178.
68. Cermak, V., Thermal Regimes of the European Lithosphere, 30th Int. Geol. Congress, Bejing, 1996, vol. 1, p. 131.
69. Polyak, B.G., Kamenskii, I.L., Prasolov, E.M., et al., He Isotopes in Gases from the Northern Caucasus: Traces of Heat and Mass Exchange in the Mantle, Geokhimiya, 1998, no. 4, pp. 383-397.
70. Polino, R., Ruffini, R., Koronovsky, N., and Demina, L.V., Collision-Related Volcanism in the Great Caucasus and Alpine Belts: A Comparison, EUG 10, J. Conf. Abstr., 1999, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 693.
71. Lipman, P.W., Bogatikov, O.A., Tsvetkov, A.A., et al., 2.8 Ma Ash-Flow Caldera at the Chegem River in the Northern Caucasus Mountains (Russia), Contemporaneous Granites, and Associated Ore Deposits, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 1993, vol. 5, pp. 85-124.
72. 16O Studies of the Chegem Ash Flow Caldera and the Eljurta Granite: Cooling of Two Late Pliocene Igneous Bodies in the Greater Caucasus Mountains, Russia, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 1995, vol. 134, pp. 377-391.
73. Bogina, M.M., Petrology of Pliocene Granitoids of the Collisional Type in the Greater Caucasus, Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Geol.-Mineral.) Dissertation, Moscow: Inst. Geol. Rudn. Mestor., Petrograf., Mineral. Geokhim., 1994.
74. Koronovskii, N.V., Molyavko, V.G., and Ostafiichuk, I.A., Petrochemical Features and Genesis of Neogene Intrusions in the Caucasus Mineral Waters Area, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol., 1986, no. 6, pp. 39-41.
75. Nikishin, V.M., Ershov, A.V., and Brune, M.-F., Delamination of a Subducted Lithospheric Slab and the Detachment of the Lower Lithosphere as a Cause of Magmatism, Tektonika, geodinamika, protsessy magmatizma i metamorfizina (Tectonics, Geodynamics, and the Processes of Magmatism and Metamorphism), Karyakin, Yu.V., Ed., Moscow: GEOS, 1999, vol. 1, pp. 43-46.
76. Pitcher, W.S., Granite: Typology, Geological Environment, and Melting Relationships, in Migmatites, Melting, and Metamorphism, London: Shiva, Geol. Series, 1983, pp. 277-285.
77. Whalen, J.B. and Chappel, B.W., Opaque Mineralogy and Mafic Mineral Chemistry of I- and S-Type Granites of the Lachlan Fold Belt, Southeast Australia, Am. Mineral., 1988, vol. 73, pp. 281-296.
78. Armands, G. and Xefteris, A., Swedish Granitoids of S-and I-Type and Their Lithophile Element Distribution, Geol. Foeren. Stockholm Foerh., 1987, vol. 109, part 3, pp. 177-195.
79. Whalen, J.B., Currie, K.L., and Chappel, B.W., A-Type Granites: Geochemical Characteristics, Discrimination and Petrogenesis, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 1987, vol. 95, pp. 407-419.
80. Faure, G., Principles of Isotope Geology, New York: Wiley, 1986.
81. Translated under the title Osnovy isotopnoi geologii, Moscow: Mir, 1989.
82. White, A.J.R., Clemens, J.D., Holloway, J.R., et al., S-Type Granites and Their Absence in Southwestern North America, Geology, 1986, vol. 14, pp. 115-118.
83. Coleman, R.G. and Donato, M.M., Oceanic Plagiogranites Revised, Trondhjemites, Dacites and Related Rocks, Barker, F., Ed., New York: Elsevier, 1979, pp. 149-168.
84. Flagler, P.A. and Spay, J.G., Generation of Plagiogranite by Amphibolite Anatexis in Oceanic Shear Zones, Geology, 1991, vol. 19, pp. 70-73.
85. Rogers, J.J.W. and Greenberg, J.K., Late-Orogenic, Post-Orogenic, and Anorogenic Granites: Distinction by Major and Trace Element Chemistry and Possible Origins, J. Geol., 1990, vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 291-309.
86. Whitney, J.A., The Origin of Granite: The Role and Source of Water in the Evolution of Granitic Magmas, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 1988, vol. 100, pp. 1886-1897.
87. Eby, G.N., The A-Type Granitoids: A Review of Their Occurrence and Chemical Characteristics and Speculations on Their Petrogenesis, Lithos, 1990, vol. 26, pp. 115-134.
88. Bonin, B., From Orogenic to Anorogenic Settings: Evolution of Granitoid Suites after Major Orogenesis, J. Geol., 1990, vol. 25, pp. 261-270.
89. Ryabchikov, I.D., Physicochemical Conditions of the Generation and Differentiation of Acid and Intermediate Magmas, in Magmaticheskie gornye parody, t. 4 (Igneous Rocks, vol. 4), Moscow: Nauka, 1987, pp. 348-359.
90. Ryabchikov, I.D., Solovova, I.P., Babanskii, A.D., and Borsuk, A.M., The Genesis and Origin Conditions of Strongly Reduced Andesitic Magmas, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol., 1985, no. 10, pp. 15-23.
91. Barker, F., Arth, J.G., Peterman, Z.E., and Friedman, I., The 1.7 to 1.8. b.y. Old Trondhjemites of Southern Colorado and Northern New Mexico, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 1976, vol. 87, pp. 189-198.
92. Barker, F., Arth, J.G., and Stern, T.W., The Pleistocene-Recent Tonga-Kermadek Arc Lavas: Interpretation of New Isotopic and Rare Earth Data in Terms of Depleted Mantle Source, J. Petrol., 1987, vol. 28, pp. 495-530.
93. Mann, A.C., Trace Elements Geochemistry of High-Alumina Basalt-Andesite-Dacite-Rhyodacite Lavas of the Main Volcanic Series of Santorini Volcano, Greece, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 1983, vol. 84, pp. 43-57.
94. Harris, N.B.W., Pearce, J.A., and Tindle, A.G., Geochemical Characteristics of Collision-Zone Magmatism, Collision Tectonics, Coward, M.P. and Ries, A.C., Eds., Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 1986, no. 19, pp. 67-81.
95. Vernikovskii, V.A., Vernikovskaya, A.E., Chernykh, A.I., and Mel'gunov, M.S., Petrology and Geochemistry of Riphean Ophiolites in Taimyr, Geol. Geofiz., 1996, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 113-129.
96. Sun, S.-S. and McDonough, W.F., Chemical and Isotopic Systematics of Oceanic Basalts: Implications for the Mantle Composition and Processes, in Magmatism in Oceanic Basins, Saunders, A.D. and Norry, M.J., Eds., Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 1989, pp. 313-345.
97. Arth, J.G., Behavior of Trace Elements during Magmatic Processes - A Summary of Theoretical Models for the Mantle Composition and Processes, J. Res. US Geol. Surv., 1976, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 41-47.
98. Martin, H., Petrogenesis of Archean Trondhjemites, Tonalites and Granodiorites from Eastern Finland, J. Petrol., 1987, vol. 28, part 5, pp. 921-953.
99. Sawer, E.W., The Role of Partial Melting and Fractional Crystallization in Determining Discordant Migmatite Leucosome Compositions, J. Petrol., 1987, vol. 28, part 3, pp. 445-473.
100. Nash, W.P., Phosphate Minerals in Terrestrial Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks, Phosphate Minerals, Nriaqu, J.O. and Moore, P.B., Eds., Berlin: Springer, 1984, pp. 215-241.
101. Condie, K.C. and Shadel, C.A., An Early Proterozoic Volcanic Arc Succession in Southeastern Wyoming, Can. J. Sci., 1984, vol. 21, pp. 415-427.
102. Harris, N.B.W. and Inger, S., Trace Element Modeling of Pelite-Derived Magmas, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 1992, vol. 110, pp. 46-56.
103. England, P.C. and Thompson, B., Pressure-Temperature-Time Paths of Regional Metamorphism, J. Petrol., 1984, vol. 25, part 4, pp. 894-955.
104. Khain, V.E. and Lobkovskii, L.I., On the Origin of Collision-Related Orogens, Geotektonika, 1990, no. 6, pp. 20-31.
105. Molnar, P., Chen, W.-P., and Padovani, E., Calculated Temperatures in Overthrust Terranes and Possible Combinations of Heat Sources Responsible for the Tertiary Granites in the Great Himalayas, J. Geophys. Res., 1983, vol. 88, no. B8, pp. 6415-6429.
106. Yardley, B., Gleeson, S., Bruce, S., and Banks, D., Downward Penetrating Fluids in Crystalline Crust: Evidence and Interpretation, The 12 Kongsberg Seminar on Processes at the Fluid-Rock Interactions, Norwegian Museum of Mining, 1999, p. 12.
107. Rosen, O.M., Metamorphic Effects of Tectonic Movements at the Lower Crustal Level: Proterozoic Collision Zones and Terranes of the Anabar Shield, Geotectonics, 1995, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 91-101.