메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 94, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 2805-2821

Characterization of synaptic conductances and integrative properties during electrically induced EEG-activated states in neocortical neurons in vivo

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL CELL; AROUSAL; ARTICLE; CAT; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; ELECTROSTIMULATION; INTRACELLULAR RECORDING; MEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE; MEMBRANE DEPOLARIZATION; NEOCORTEX; NONHUMAN; POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STIMULUS RESPONSE; STOCHASTIC MODEL; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION;

EID: 24944473826     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.01313.2004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (74)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0033837916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orientation tuning of input conductance, excitation and inhibition in cat primary visual cortex
    • Anderson JS, Carandini M, and Ferster D. Orientation tuning of input conductance, excitation and inhibition in cat primary visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 84: 909-926, 2000.
    • (2000) J Neurophysiol , vol.84 , pp. 909-926
    • Anderson, J.S.1    Carandini, M.2    Ferster, D.3
  • 2
    • 0027309184 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological characterization of different types of neurons recorded in vivo in the motor cortex of the cat. II. Membrane parameters, action potentials, current-induced voltage responses and electrotonic structures
    • Baranyi A, Szente MB, and Woody CD. Electrophysiological characterization of different types of neurons recorded in vivo in the motor cortex of the cat. II. Membrane parameters, action potentials, current-induced voltage responses and electrotonic structures. J Neurophysiol 69: 1865-1879, 1993.
    • (1993) J Neurophysiol , vol.69 , pp. 1865-1879
    • Baranyi, A.1    Szente, M.B.2    Woody, C.D.3
  • 3
    • 0034659423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Properties of voltage-gated potassium currents in nucleated patches from large layer 5 cortical pyramidal neurons of the rat
    • Bekkers JM. Properties of voltage-gated potassium currents in nucleated patches from large layer 5 cortical pyramidal neurons of the rat. J Physiol 525: 593-609, 2000.
    • (2000) J Physiol , vol.525 , pp. 593-609
    • Bekkers, J.M.1
  • 4
    • 0032574998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual input evokes transient and strong shunting inhibition in visual cortical neurons
    • Borg-Graham LJ, Monier C, and Frégnac Y. Visual input evokes transient and strong shunting inhibition in visual cortical neurons. Nature 393: 369-373, 1998.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 369-373
    • Borg-Graham, L.J.1    Monier, C.2    Frégnac, Y.3
  • 5
    • 0025642962 scopus 로고
    • Sources of presumptive glutamatergic/aspartatergic afferents to the magnocellular basal forebrain in the rat
    • Carnes KM, Fuller TA, and Price JL. Sources of presumptive glutamatergic/ aspartatergic afferents to the magnocellular basal forebrain in the rat. J Comp Neurol 302: 824-852, 1990.
    • (1990) J Comp Neurol , vol.302 , pp. 824-852
    • Carnes, K.M.1    Fuller, T.A.2    Price, J.L.3
  • 6
    • 0037104631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gain modulation from background synaptic input
    • Chance FS, Abbott LF, and Reyes AD. Gain modulation from background synaptic input. Neuron 35: 773-782, 2002.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.35 , pp. 773-782
    • Chance, F.S.1    Abbott, L.F.2    Reyes, A.D.3
  • 7
    • 0025176816 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic firing patterns of diverse neocortical neurons
    • Connors BW and Gutnick MJ. Intrinsic firing patterns of diverse neocortical neurons. Trends Neurosci 13: 99-104, 1990.
    • (1990) Trends Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 99-104
    • Connors, B.W.1    Gutnick, M.J.2
  • 8
    • 1842368550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of a prevalent laminar distribution of IPSPs in association cortical neurons of cat
    • Contreras D, Durmuller N, and Steriade M. Absence of a prevalent laminar distribution of IPSPs in association cortical neurons of cat. J Neurophysiol 78: 2742-2753, 1997.
    • (1997) J Neurophysiol , vol.78 , pp. 2742-2753
    • Contreras, D.1    Durmuller, N.2    Steriade, M.3
  • 10
    • 0026670389 scopus 로고
    • The pyramidal neuron of the cerebral cortex: Morphological and chemical characteristics of the synaptic inputs
    • DeFelipe J and Farinas I. The pyramidal neuron of the cerebral cortex: morphological and chemical characteristics of the synaptic inputs. Prog Neurobiol 39: 563-607, 1992.
    • (1992) Prog Neurobiol , vol.39 , pp. 563-607
    • Defelipe, J.1    Farinas, I.2
  • 11
    • 0003043451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetic models of synaptic transmission
    • edited by Koch C and Segev I. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Destexhe A, Mainen Z, and Sejnowski TJ. Kinetic models of synaptic transmission. In: Methods in Neuronal Modeling, edited by Koch C and Segev I. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 1998, p. 1-26.
    • (1998) Methods in Neuronal Modeling , pp. 1-26
    • Destexhe, A.1    Mainen, Z.2    Sejnowski, T.J.3
  • 12
    • 0033053130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of network activity on the integrative properties of neocortical pyramidal neurons in vivo
    • Destexhe A and Paré D. Impact of network activity on the integrative properties of neocortical pyramidal neurons in vivo. J Neurophysiol 81: 1531-1547, 1999.
    • (1999) J Neurophysiol , vol.81 , pp. 1531-1547
    • Destexhe, A.1    Paré, D.2
  • 13
    • 5744237832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracting information from the power spectrum of synaptic noise
    • Destexhe A and Rudolph M. Extracting information from the power spectrum of synaptic noise. J Comput Neurosci 17: 327-345, 2004.
    • (2004) J Comput Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 327-345
    • Destexhe, A.1    Rudolph, M.2
  • 14
    • 0035834798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluctuating conductances recreate in-vivo-like activity in neocortical neurons
    • Destexhe A, Rudolph M, Fellous J-M, and Sejnowski TJ. Fluctuating conductances recreate in-vivo-like activity in neocortical neurons. Neuroscience 107: 13-24, 2001.
    • (2001) Neuroscience , vol.107 , pp. 13-24
    • Destexhe, A.1    Rudolph, M.2    Fellous, J.-M.3    Sejnowski, T.J.4
  • 15
    • 0141499222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The high-conductance state of neocortical neurons in vivo
    • Destexhe A, Rudolph M, and Paré D. The high-conductance state of neocortical neurons in vivo. Nat Rev Neurosci 4: 739-751, 2003.
    • (2003) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 739-751
    • Destexhe, A.1    Rudolph, M.2    Paré, D.3
  • 16
    • 0000685551 scopus 로고
    • Temporal patterns of discharge of pyramidal tract neurons during sleep and waking in the monkey
    • Evarts EV. Temporal patterns of discharge of pyramidal tract neurons during sleep and waking in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 27: 152-171, 1964.
    • (1964) J Neurophysiol , vol.27 , pp. 152-171
    • Evarts, E.V.1
  • 17
    • 0029061652 scopus 로고
    • Activation of a nonselective cationic conductance by metabotropic glutamatergic and muscarinic agonists in CA3 pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus
    • Guerineau NC, Bossu JL, Gähwiler BH, and Gerber U. Activation of a nonselective cationic conductance by metabotropic glutamatergic and muscarinic agonists in CA3 pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus. J Neurosci 15: 4395-4407, 1995.
    • (1995) J Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 4395-4407
    • Guerineau, N.C.1    Bossu, J.L.2    Gähwiler, B.H.3    Gerber, U.4
  • 18
    • 0028904044 scopus 로고
    • Subthreshold oscillations and resonant frequency in guinea-pig cortical neurons: Physiology and modelling
    • Gutfreund Y, Yarom Y, and Segev I. Subthreshold oscillations and resonant frequency in guinea-pig cortical neurons: physiology and modelling. J Physiol 483: 621-640, 1995.
    • (1995) J Physiol , vol.483 , pp. 621-640
    • Gutfreund, Y.1    Yarom, Y.2    Segev, I.3
  • 19
    • 0029935884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic activation of a voltage-dependent cation nonselective current in rat association cortex
    • Haj-Dahmane S and Andrade R. Muscarinic activation of a voltage-dependent cation nonselective current in rat association cortex. J Neurosci 16: 3848-3861, 1996.
    • (1996) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 3848-3861
    • Haj-Dahmane, S.1    Andrade, R.2
  • 20
    • 0023766640 scopus 로고
    • Ascending projections from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and the adjacent mesopontine tegmentum in the rat
    • Hallanger AE and Wainer BH. Ascending projections from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and the adjacent mesopontine tegmentum in the rat. J Comp Neurol 274: 483-515, 1988.
    • (1988) J Comp Neurol , vol.274 , pp. 483-515
    • Hallanger, A.E.1    Wainer, B.H.2
  • 21
    • 0025718002 scopus 로고
    • Patch-clamp studies of voltage gated currents in identified neurons of the rat cerebral cortex
    • Hamill OP, Huguenard JR, and Prince DA. Patch-clamp studies of voltage gated currents in identified neurons of the rat cerebral cortex. Cereb Cortex 1: 48-61, 1991.
    • (1991) Cereb Cortex , vol.1 , pp. 48-61
    • Hamill, O.P.1    Huguenard, J.R.2    Prince, D.A.3
  • 22
    • 0031571202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NEURON simulation environment
    • Hines ML and Carnevale NT. The NEURON simulation environment. Neural Comput 9: 1179-1209, 1997.
    • (1997) Neural Comput , vol.9 , pp. 1179-1209
    • Hines, M.L.1    Carnevale, N.T.2
  • 24
    • 0033812028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic background activity enhances the responsiveness of neocortical pyramidal neurons
    • Hô N and Destexhe A. Synaptic background activity enhances the responsiveness of neocortical pyramidal neurons. J Neurophysiol 84: 1488-1496, 2000.
    • (2000) J Neurophysiol , vol.84 , pp. 1488-1496
    • Hô, N.1    Destexhe, A.2
  • 25
    • 35649001607 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve
    • Hodgkin AL and Huxley AF. A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. J Physiol 117: 500-544, 1952.
    • (1952) J Physiol , vol.117 , pp. 500-544
    • Hodgkin, A.L.1    Huxley, A.F.2
  • 26
    • 0023765726 scopus 로고
    • A versatile means of intracellular labeling: Injection of biocytin and its detection with avidin conjugates
    • Horikawa K and Armstrong WE. A versatile means of intracellular labeling: injection of biocytin and its detection with avidin conjugates. J Neurosci Methods 25: 1-11, 1988.
    • (1988) J Neurosci Methods , vol.25 , pp. 1-11
    • Horikawa, K.1    Armstrong, W.E.2
  • 27
    • 0023920221 scopus 로고
    • + conductances in rat neocortical neurons: Appearance of a slowly inactivating component
    • + conductances in rat neocortical neurons: appearance of a slowly inactivating component. J Neurophysiol 59: 778-795, 1988.
    • (1988) J Neurophysiol , vol.59 , pp. 778-795
    • Huguenard, J.R.1    Hamill, O.P.2    Prince, D.A.3
  • 28
    • 0015056632 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of excitation by acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex
    • Krnjevic K, Pumain R, and Renaud L. The mechanism of excitation by acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex. J Physiol 215: 247-268, 1971.
    • (1971) J Physiol , vol.215 , pp. 247-268
    • Krnjevic, K.1    Pumain, R.2    Renaud, L.3
  • 30
    • 0033570816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting and estimating signals in noisy cable structures, 1: Neuronal noise sources
    • Manwani A and Koch C. Detecting and estimating signals in noisy cable structures, 1: Neuronal noise sources. Neural Comput 11: 1797-1829, 1999.
    • (1999) Neural Comput , vol.11 , pp. 1797-1829
    • Manwani, A.1    Koch, C.2
  • 31
    • 0023887981 scopus 로고
    • Sustained excitatory synaptic input to motor cortex neurons in awake animals revealed by intracellular recordings of membrane potentials
    • Matsumura M, Cope T, and Fetz EE. Sustained excitatory synaptic input to motor cortex neurons in awake animals revealed by intracellular recordings of membrane potentials. Exp Brain Res 70: 463-469, 1988.
    • (1988) Exp Brain Res , vol.70 , pp. 463-469
    • Matsumura, M.1    Cope, T.2    Fetz, E.E.3
  • 32
    • 0024516098 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic and noradrenergic control of thalamocortical processing
    • McCormick DA. Cholinergic and noradrenergic control of thalamocortical processing. Trends Neurosci 12: 215-221, 1989.
    • (1989) Trends Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 215-221
    • McCormick, D.A.1
  • 33
    • 0026636255 scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitter actions in the thalamus and cerebral cortex and their role in neuromodulation of thalamocortical activity
    • McCormick DA. Neurotransmitter actions in the thalamus and cerebral cortex and their role in neuromodulation of thalamocortical activity. Prog Neurobiol 39: 337-388, 1992.
    • (1992) Prog Neurobiol , vol.39 , pp. 337-388
    • McCormick, D.A.1
  • 34
    • 0022559280 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of acetylcholine in the guinea pig cerebral cortex, in vitro
    • McCormick DA and Prince DA. Mechanisms of action of acetylcholine in the guinea pig cerebral cortex, in vitro. J Physiol 375: 169-194, 1986.
    • (1986) J Physiol , vol.375 , pp. 169-194
    • McCormick, D.A.1    Prince, D.A.2
  • 35
    • 0032840150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + conductance in the back-propagation of action potentials in the dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons
    • + conductance in the back-propagation of action potentials in the dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. J Comp Neurosci 7: 5-15, 1999.
    • (1999) J Comp Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 5-15
    • Migliore, M.1    Hoffman, D.A.2    Magee, J.C.3    Johnston, D.4
  • 36
    • 33646818802 scopus 로고
    • Brain stem reticular formation and the activation of the EEG
    • Moruzzi M and Magoun H. Brain stem reticular formation and the activation of the EEG. EEG Clin Neurophysiol 1: 455-473, 1949.
    • (1949) EEG Clin Neurophysiol , vol.1 , pp. 455-473
    • Moruzzi, M.1    Magoun, H.2
  • 37
    • 0031941210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of spontaneous synaptic activity on the resting properties of cat neocortical neurons in vivo
    • Paré D, Shink E, Gaudreau H, Destexhe A, and Lang EJ. Impact of spontaneous synaptic activity on the resting properties of cat neocortical neurons in vivo. J Neurophysiol 79: 1450-1460, 1998.
    • (1998) J Neurophysiol , vol.79 , pp. 1450-1460
    • Paré, D.1    Shink, E.2    Gaudreau, H.3    Destexhe, A.4    Lang, E.J.5
  • 38
    • 0023934172 scopus 로고
    • Projections of brainstem core cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons of cat to intralaminar and reticular thalamic nuclei
    • Pare D, Smith Y, Parent A, and Steriade M. Projections of brainstem core cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons of cat to intralaminar and reticular thalamic nuclei. Neurosci 25: 69-86, 1988.
    • (1988) Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 69-86
    • Pare, D.1    Smith, Y.2    Parent, A.3    Steriade, M.4
  • 39
    • 24944550289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are we inhibited when we are awake? A combined intracellular and computational analysis of membrane potential dynamics in cortical neurons of awake and naturally sleeping animals
    • In press
    • Pospischil M, Rudolph M, Shulz D, Timofeev I, and Destexhe A. Are we inhibited when we are awake? A combined intracellular and computational analysis of membrane potential dynamics in cortical neurons of awake and naturally sleeping animals. Soc Neurosci Abstr In press.
    • Soc Neurosci Abstr
    • Pospischil, M.1    Rudolph, M.2    Shulz, D.3    Timofeev, I.4    Destexhe, A.5
  • 40
    • 84944485718 scopus 로고
    • Mathematical analysis of random noise
    • Rice SO. Mathematical analysis of random noise. Bell Syst Tech J 24: 46-156, 1945.
    • (1945) Bell Syst Tech J , vol.24 , pp. 46-156
    • Rice, S.O.1
  • 41
    • 0035896662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation detection and resonance in neural systems with distributed noise sources
    • Rudolph M and Destexhe A. Correlation detection and resonance in neural systems with distributed noise sources. Phys Rev Lett 86: 3662-3665, 2001.
    • (2001) Phys Rev Lett , vol.86 , pp. 3662-3665
    • Rudolph, M.1    Destexhe, A.2
  • 42
    • 0037444548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fast-conducting, stochastic integrative mode for neocortical neurons in vivo
    • Rudolph M and Destexhe A. A fast-conducting, stochastic integrative mode for neocortical neurons in vivo. J Neurosci 23: 2466-2476, 2003a.
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 2466-2476
    • Rudolph, M.1    Destexhe, A.2
  • 43
    • 0141860842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of subthreshold voltage fluctuations in neuronal membranes
    • Rudolph M and Destexhe A. Characterization of subthreshold voltage fluctuations in neuronal membranes. Neural Comput 15: 2577-2618, 2003b.
    • (2003) Neural Comput , vol.15 , pp. 2577-2618
    • Rudolph, M.1    Destexhe, A.2
  • 44
    • 18144389460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-channel shot noise and characterization of cortical network activity
    • Rudolph M and Destexhe A. Multi-channel shot noise and characterization of cortical network activity. Neurocomputing 65-66: 641-646, 2005.
    • (2005) Neurocomputing , vol.65-66 , pp. 641-646
    • Rudolph, M.1    Destexhe, A.2
  • 45
    • 2442615811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method to estimate synaptic conductances from membrane potential fluctuations
    • Rudolph M, Piwkowska Z, Badoual M, Bal T, and Destexhe A. A method to estimate synaptic conductances from membrane potential fluctuations. J Neurophysiol 91: 2884-2896, 2004.
    • (2004) J Neurophysiol , vol.91 , pp. 2884-2896
    • Rudolph, M.1    Piwkowska, Z.2    Badoual, M.3    Bal, T.4    Destexhe, A.5
  • 46
    • 0023930359 scopus 로고
    • Brainstem afferents to the magnocellular basal forebrain studied by axonal transport, immunohistochemistry, and electrophysiology in the rat
    • Semba K, Reiner PB, McGeer EG, and Fibiger HC. Brainstem afferents to the magnocellular basal forebrain studied by axonal transport, immunohistochemistry, and electrophysiology in the rat. J Comp Neurol 267: 433-453, 1988.
    • (1988) J Comp Neurol , vol.267 , pp. 433-453
    • Semba, K.1    Reiner, P.B.2    McGeer, E.G.3    Fibiger, H.C.4
  • 47
    • 84971113446 scopus 로고
    • Cortical long-axoned cells and putative interneurons during the sleep-waking cycle
    • Steriade M. Cortical long-axoned cells and putative interneurons during the sleep-waking cycle. Behav Brain Sci 3: 465-514, 1978.
    • (1978) Behav Brain Sci , vol.3 , pp. 465-514
    • Steriade, M.1
  • 48
    • 0034942206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of network activities on neuronal properties in corticothalamic systems
    • Steriade M. Impact of network activities on neuronal properties in corticothalamic systems. J Neurophysiol 86: 1-39, 2001.
    • (2001) J Neurophysiol , vol.86 , pp. 1-39
    • Steriade, M.1
  • 49
    • 0027504631 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic and noradrenergic modulation of the slow (∼0.3 Hz) oscillation in neocortical cells
    • Steriade M, Amzica F, and Nuñez A. Cholinergic and noradrenergic modulation of the slow (∼0.3 Hz) oscillation in neocortical cells. J Neurophysiol 70: 1384-1400, 1993.
    • (1993) J Neurophysiol , vol.70 , pp. 1384-1400
    • Steriade, M.1    Amzica, F.2    Nuñez, A.3
  • 50
    • 0001937907 scopus 로고
    • Parallel activation of thalamic and cortical neurons by brainstem and basal forebrain cholinergic systems
    • edited by Steriade M and Biesold D. Oxford, UK: Oxford Science
    • Steriade M and Buzsaki G. Parallel activation of thalamic and cortical neurons by brainstem and basal forebrain cholinergic systems. In: Brain Cholinergic Systems, edited by Steriade M and Biesold D. Oxford, UK: Oxford Science, 1990, p. 3-62.
    • (1990) Brain Cholinergic Systems , pp. 3-62
    • Steriade, M.1    Buzsaki, G.2
  • 51
    • 0025729813 scopus 로고
    • Fast oscillations (20-40 Hz) in thalamocortical systems and their potentiation by mesopontine cholinergic nuclei in the cat
    • Steriade M, Curró Dossi R, Paré D, and Oakson G. Fast oscillations (20-40 Hz) in thalamocortical systems and their potentiation by mesopontine cholinergic nuclei in the cat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 4396-4400, 1991.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 4396-4400
    • Steriade, M.1    Curró Dossi, R.2    Paré, D.3    Oakson, G.4
  • 52
    • 0023280394 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons of cat basal forebrain project to reticular and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei
    • Steriade M, Parent A, Paré D, and Smith Y. Cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons of cat basal forebrain project to reticular and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei. Brain Res 408: 372-376, 1987.
    • (1987) Brain Res , vol.408 , pp. 372-376
    • Steriade, M.1    Parent, A.2    Paré, D.3    Smith, Y.4
  • 53
    • 0035003185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural waking and sleep states: A view from inside neocortical neurons
    • Steriade M, Timofeev I, and Grenier F. Natural waking and sleep states: a view from inside neocortical neurons. J Neurophysiol 85: 1969-1985, 2001.
    • (2001) J Neurophysiol , vol.85 , pp. 1969-1985
    • Steriade, M.1    Timofeev, I.2    Grenier, F.3
  • 54
    • 0032525113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of voltage attenuation in neocortical pyramidal neuron dendrites
    • Stuart G and Spruston N. Determinants of voltage attenuation in neocortical pyramidal neuron dendrites. J Neurosci 18: 3501-3510, 1998.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 3501-3510
    • Stuart, G.1    Spruston, N.2
  • 57
    • 36149005118 scopus 로고
    • On the theory of the Brownian motion
    • Uhlenbeck GE and Ornstein LS. On the theory of the Brownian motion. Phys Rev 36: 823-841, 1930.
    • (1930) Phys Rev , vol.36 , pp. 823-841
    • Uhlenbeck, G.E.1    Ornstein, L.S.2
  • 58
    • 4344631919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial compartmentalization and functional impact of conductance in pyramidal neurons
    • Williams S. Spatial compartmentalization and functional impact of conductance in pyramidal neurons. Nat Neurosci 7: 961-967, 2004.
    • (2004) Nat Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 961-967
    • Williams, S.1
  • 59
    • 0022530375 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic systems in the rat brain: III. Projections from the pontomesencephalic tegmentum to the thalamus, tecturn, basal ganglia, and basal forebrain
    • Woolf NJ and Butcher LL. Cholinergic systems in the rat brain: III. Projections from the pontomesencephalic tegmentum to the thalamus, tecturn, basal ganglia, and basal forebrain. Brain Res Bull 16: 603-637, 1986.
    • (1986) Brain Res Bull , vol.16 , pp. 603-637
    • Woolf, N.J.1    Butcher, L.L.2
  • 60
    • 0032516707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic switching within neocortical inhibitory networks
    • Xiang Z, Huguenard JR, and Prince DA. Cholinergic switching within neocortical inhibitory networks. Science 281: 985-988, 1998.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 985-988
    • Xiang, Z.1    Huguenard, J.R.2    Prince, D.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.