Third way urbanism: Opportunity or dead end?

Alternatives

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 247-267

  Keil, Roger ^a  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

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EID: 24944441482     PISSN: 03043754     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/030437540002500204     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. See Leo Panitch, "Globalization and the State," in Ralph Miliband and Leo Panitch, eds., Socialist Register: Between Globalism and Nationalism (London: Merlin, 1994);
2. Joachim Hirsch, Der nationale Wettbewerbsstaat, Demokratie und Politik im globalisierten Kapitalismus (Amsterdam: 1995);
3. Elmar Altvater and Birgit Mahnkopf, Grenzen der Globalisierung: Ökonomie, Ökologie, und Politik in der Weltgesellschaft (Münster: Verlag Westfälisches Dampfboot, 1996);
4. Leo Panitch and Colin Leys, eds., Socialist Register: Global Capitalism versus Democracy (London: Merlin, 1999).
5. See Roger Keil, "Globalization Makes States: Perspectives of Local Governance in the Age of the World City," Review of International Political Economy 5, no. 4 (1997): 616-646.
6. Loïc Wacquant, "Die Armen bekämpfen," Le Monde Diplomatique, April 12, 1999, p. 1.
7. Judi McLeod, "Portrait of a Poverty Pimp," Toronto Free Press, August 17-30, 1999, p. 5.
8. The weekly Toronto Eye magazine broke ranks with the otherwise united press front in Toronto and documented many instances of the "war on John Clarke," whom they said was "the most unpopular man in Toronto" in the summer of 1999. See Eye, August 19, 1999.
9. Mike Davis, City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles (London: Verso, 1990);
10. Davis, Ecology of Fear: Los Angeles and the Imagination of Disaster (New York: Metropolitan, 1998).
11. See the journal Capitalism, Nature, Socialism (September 1999) for a review symposium on Ecology of Fear.
12. Robert Beauregard, "The Politics of Urbanism: Mike Davis and the Neo-conservatives," Capitalism, Nature, Socialism 10, no. 3, issue 39 (1999): 40; Davis, note 5.
13. Beauregard, note 7, p. 41.
14. Ibid., p. 42.
15. Roger Keil, Los Angeles: Globalization, Urbanization, and Social Struggles (Chichester, UK: Wiley, 1998).
16. In a personal conversation Klaus Ronnebergcr pointed out to me that the "grand coalition" is perhaps the specific German form of conservative hegemony in German cities at this time. In addition to Frankfurt, the Berlin example is important here.
17. Klaus Ronneberger and Roger Keil, "Riding the Tiger of Modernization: Reform Politics in Frankfurt," Capitalism, Nature, Socialism 4, no. 2 (1993): 19-50;
18. Roger Keil and Klaus Ronneberger, "The Globalization of Frankfurt am Main: Core, Periphery and Social Conflict," in Peter Marcuse and Ronald van Kempen, eds., Globalizing Cities (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999).
19. Roger Keil, "Toronto in the 1990s: Dissociated Governance?" Studies in Political Economy, no. 56 (1998): 151-167.
20. This section builds on Roger Keil and Ute Lehrer, "L.A. Story: Visions of Los Angeles' Other Futures," Capitalism, Nature, Socialism 10, no. 3, issue 39 (1999): 45-52.
21. Manuel Castells, La Question urbaine (Paris: Maspero, 1972;
22. published in English as The Urban Question: A Marxist Approach, by MIT Press, Cambridge, 1977);
23. Castells, City, Class and Power (New York: St. Martin's, 1978).
24. David Harvey, Social Justice and the City (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973);
25. Harvey, Limits to Capital (Oxford: Blackwell, 1982).
26. For the urban question, Henri Lefebvre's work in the late 1960s, strongly influenced by the upheavals of May 1968, were most important: La revolution urbaine (Paris: Gallimard, 1970)
27. Le droit a la ville (Paris: Editions Anthropos, 1968).
28. Although these publications had a great impact on the French and German discourses (La revolution urbaine was published in German), they had only limited impact in the English-speaking world, where writers who built on this work such as David Harvey, Mark Gottdiener, and Edward Soja were exceptions. Among Lefebvre's many publications, the following probably had the most decisive influence on the English-language urbanist debate: The Survival of Capitalism, translated by Frank Bryant from Survie du Capitalisme (London: Allison & Busby, 1979);
29. The Production of Space, translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith from Production de l'espace (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991);
30. Writings on Cities, by Elizabeth Lebas, selected, translated, and introduced by Eleonore Kofman (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996).
31. For an excellent current review of the influence of Lefebvre's thinking on urban studies, see Neil Brenner, "The Urban Question as a Scale Question: Reflections on Henri Lefebvre, Urban Theory, and the Politics of Scale in the Late 1990s," forthcoming in International Journal of Urban and Regional Research.
32. David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change (Oxford: Blackwell, 1989);
33. Edward W. Soja, Postmodern Geographies: The Reassertion of Space in Critical Social Theory (London: Verso, 1989);
34. Allen J. Scott, Metropolis: From the Division of Labor to Urban Form (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).
35. The general move to the right in urban scholarship is sometimes mirrored by local intellectual discourses. In Los Angeles, for example, a triangular battle has ensued over the legitimacy and desired future of urbanism that seems emblematic for the kinds of tectonic shifts that have occurred in urban studies overall. Critical urbanists, downtown-business-oriented "smart growth" advocates, and libertarian champions of sprawl seem locked in a three-way struggle over hegemony in LA intellectual circles. See Keil and Lehrer, note 14.
36. Beauregard, note 7, p. 43.
37. In Germany, a very strong radical current has occupied the space Mike Davis has carved out; see Jens Sambale, "The Ecology of Fear Meets German Angst," Capitalism, Nature, Socialism 10, no. 3, issue 39 (1999): 63-68.
38. Intellectuals grouped together in the SpaceLab project and urban trendsetters in the Innensladtaktion have been the most visible representatives of the new urban critique in Germany. See, for example, Klaus Ronneberger, Stephan Lanz, and Walther Jahn, Die Stadt als Beute (Bonn: Dietz Verlag, 1999). In Canada, little urban writing has been as unequivocally radical in style and contents as the ones mentioned, but some work on homelessness, poverty, and social services has begun to make references to the "critical" school. In the United States, writers like David Harvey, Neil Smith, and Peter Marcuse can be counted as members of the "critical" school.
39. Keil, note 2.
40. Michael Douglass and John Friedmann, eds., Cities For Citizens: Planning and the Rise of Civil Society in a Global Age (Chichester, UK: Wiley, 1998).
41. See also the perceptive review of Douglass and Friedmann's book by David Prytherch and Sallie Marston in Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 17, no. 4 (1999): 502-504.
42. Theorists and practitioners of urban politics have followed Lefebvre's call in many ways. Perhaps the best current collection of reports on such efforts is INURA, Possible Urban Worlds: Urban Strategies at the End of the Twentieth Century (Basel: Birkhäuser, 1998).
43. For a perspective on alternative planning histories, see Leonie Sandercock, Towards Cosmopolis (Chichester, UK: Wiley, 1998).
44. David Harvey, Justice, Nature, and the Geography of Difference (Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell, 1996);
45. Harvey, "Globalization and the Body," in INURA, note 24, pp. 26-39.
46. For an elaboration of this point, see Roger Keil, "The Politics of Urban Research in Toronto," in Engin F. Isin, ed., Toronto Region in the World Economy (Toronto: York University Urban Studies Programme, 1994), pp. 211-221; Keil, note 13;
47. Isin, "Governing Toronto without Government: Liberalism and Neoliberalism," Studies in Political Economy, no. 56 (1998): 169-192.
48. Neil Smith, The New Urban Frontier (London: Routledge, 1996);
49. Peter Noller and Klaus Ronneberger, eds., Die neue Dienstleistungsstadt: Berufsmilieus in Frankfurt am Main (Frankfurt am Main: Campus, 1995).
50. Harold Meyerson, "Cattle Call: The Race to Succeed Richard Riordan - and to Shape the Future of Los Angeles - has Already Begun," L.A. Weekly, August 20-26, 1999, pp. 24-32.
51. Beauregard, note 7, p. 42; Smith, note 27.
52. Beauregard, note 7, p. 43.
53. Harvey, note 25.
54. Isin, "Governing Toronto," note 26;
55. Engin Isin and Joanne Wolfson, "The Making of the Toronto Megacity: An Introduction," Working Paper no. 21, Urban Studies Programme, York University, Toronto, 1999.
56. Pierre Clavel, The Progressive City (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1987), p. 1.
57. Harvey, "Globalization," note 25;
58. Oliver Standke, "Progressives Economic Development im postfordistischen Los Angeles: Die Renaissance des Labor/Community Organizing und ihr Einfluss auf die Glokalisierung nach 1992," unpublished diploma thesis, Department of Sociology, Free University Berlin, 1999.
59. Ute Lehrer and Richard Milgrom, "New (Sub)Urbanism: Countersprawl or Repackaging the Product," Capitalism, Nature, Socialism 7, no. 2, issue 26 (June 1996): 49-64.