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Volumn 7, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 49-64

New (sub)Urbanism: Countersprawl or repackaging the product

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DESIGN APPROACH; GROWTH CONTROL; NEW URBANISM; THEORETICAL STUDY; URBAN PLANNING; URBAN THEORY;

EID: 0030457937     PISSN: 10455752     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10455759609358678     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (64)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 9544256256 scopus 로고
    • Toronto: The Canadian Broadcasting Corp., October 25, transcript
    • John Sewell in Jackie Taschereau, "Ideas: The New Urbanism" (Toronto: The Canadian Broadcasting Corp., October 25, 1995, transcript), p. 11.
    • (1995) Ideas: The New Urbanism , pp. 11
    • Sewell, J.1    Taschereau, J.2
  • 3
    • 0003151936 scopus 로고
    • Inside Exopolis: Scenes from Orange County
    • Michael Sorkin, ed., New York: The Noonday Press
    • Edward W. Soja, "Inside Exopolis: Scenes from Orange County," in Michael Sorkin, ed., Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space (New York: The Noonday Press, 1992); Robin Bloch, "The Metropolis Inverted: The Rise of and Shift to the Periphery and the Remaking of the Contemporary City." Ph.D. diss., Urban Planning, UCLA, 1993; Ute Angelika Lehrer, "Images of the Periphery: The Architecture of FlexSpace in Switzerland," Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 12, 1994; Joel Garreau, Edge City: Life on the New Frontier (New York: Doubleday, 1988). Peter Katz has referred to New Urbanisai as "streetcar suburb-meets-edge-city" (Peter Katz, ed., The New Urbanism: Towards an Architecture of Community [New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994]), p. xxxi.
    • (1992) Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space
    • Soja, E.W.1
  • 4
    • 6544264414 scopus 로고
    • Ph.D. diss., Urban Planning, UCLA
    • Edward W. Soja, "Inside Exopolis: Scenes from Orange County," in Michael Sorkin, ed., Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space (New York: The Noonday Press, 1992); Robin Bloch, "The Metropolis Inverted: The Rise of and Shift to the Periphery and the Remaking of the Contemporary City." Ph.D. diss., Urban Planning, UCLA, 1993; Ute Angelika Lehrer, "Images of the Periphery: The Architecture of FlexSpace in Switzerland," Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 12, 1994; Joel Garreau, Edge City: Life on the New Frontier (New York: Doubleday, 1988). Peter Katz has referred to New Urbanisai as "streetcar suburb-meets-edge-city" (Peter Katz, ed., The New Urbanism: Towards an Architecture of Community [New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994]), p. xxxi.
    • (1993) The Metropolis Inverted: the Rise of and Shift to the Periphery and the Remaking of the Contemporary City
    • Bloch, R.1
  • 5
    • 0028135137 scopus 로고
    • Images of the Periphery: The Architecture of FlexSpace in Switzerland
    • Edward W. Soja, "Inside Exopolis: Scenes from Orange County," in Michael Sorkin, ed., Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space (New York: The Noonday Press, 1992); Robin Bloch, "The Metropolis Inverted: The Rise of and Shift to the Periphery and the Remaking of the Contemporary City." Ph.D. diss., Urban Planning, UCLA, 1993; Ute Angelika Lehrer, "Images of the Periphery: The Architecture of FlexSpace in Switzerland," Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 12, 1994; Joel Garreau, Edge City: Life on the New Frontier (New York: Doubleday, 1988). Peter Katz has referred to New Urbanisai as "streetcar suburb-meets-edge-city" (Peter Katz, ed., The New Urbanism: Towards an Architecture of Community [New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994]), p. xxxi.
    • (1994) Environment and Planning D: Society and Space , pp. 12
    • Lehrer, U.A.1
  • 6
    • 0003676238 scopus 로고
    • New York: Doubleday
    • Edward W. Soja, "Inside Exopolis: Scenes from Orange County," in Michael Sorkin, ed., Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space (New York: The Noonday Press, 1992); Robin Bloch, "The Metropolis Inverted: The Rise of and Shift to the Periphery and the Remaking of the Contemporary City." Ph.D. diss., Urban Planning, UCLA, 1993; Ute Angelika Lehrer, "Images of the Periphery: The Architecture of FlexSpace in Switzerland," Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 12, 1994; Joel Garreau, Edge City: Life on the New Frontier (New York: Doubleday, 1988). Peter Katz has referred to New Urbanisai as "streetcar suburb-meets-edge-city" (Peter Katz, ed., The New Urbanism: Towards an Architecture of Community [New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994]), p. xxxi.
    • (1988) Edge City: Life on the New Frontier
    • Garreau, J.1
  • 7
    • 9544243313 scopus 로고
    • Streetcar suburb-meets-edge-city
    • has referred to New Urbanisai as Peter Katz, ed., New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Edward W. Soja, "Inside Exopolis: Scenes from Orange County," in Michael Sorkin, ed., Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space (New York: The Noonday Press, 1992); Robin Bloch, "The Metropolis Inverted: The Rise of and Shift to the Periphery and the Remaking of the Contemporary City." Ph.D. diss., Urban Planning, UCLA, 1993; Ute Angelika Lehrer, "Images of the Periphery: The Architecture of FlexSpace in Switzerland," Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 12, 1994; Joel Garreau, Edge City: Life on the New Frontier (New York: Doubleday, 1988). Peter Katz has referred to New Urbanisai as "streetcar suburb-meets-edge-city" (Peter Katz, ed., The New Urbanism: Towards an Architecture of Community [New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994]), p. xxxi.
    • (1994) The New Urbanism: Towards An Architecture of Community
    • Katz, P.1
  • 11
    • 0028591152 scopus 로고
    • An Evaluation of Neotraditional Design's Social Prescription: Postmodern Placebo or Remedy for Suburban Malaise?
    • This, of course, paraphrases Louis Sullivan's well known "form follows function" as well as Rob Krier's "culture (social relations) follows form." See Ivonne Audirac and Anne Shermyen, "An Evaluation of Neotraditional Design's Social Prescription: Postmodern Placebo or Remedy for Suburban Malaise?" in Journal of Planning Education and Research, 13, 1994, p. 166.
    • (1994) Journal of Planning Education and Research , vol.13 , pp. 166
    • Audirac, I.1    Shermyen, A.2
  • 12
    • 9544237732 scopus 로고
    • Die dynamischen Utopien des industriellen Zeitalters
    • Berlin: Froelich and Kaufmann
    • We think here in particular at the projects of Charles Fourier (1772-1837), Robert Owen (1771-1858), Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928), but also Le Corbusier (1887-1965). It is interesting how the numbers of people that these plans were made for increased rapidly: Owen plans for 3,000, Howard for 30,000 and Le Corbusier for 3,000,000 inhabitants (Lucie Schauer "Die dynamischen Utopien des industriellen Zeitalters," in Stadt und Utopie. Modelle idealer Gemeinschaften [Berlin: Froelich and Kaufmann, 1982]).
    • (1982) Stadt und Utopie. Modelle Idealer Gemeinschaften
    • Schauer, L.1
  • 13
    • 0007700057 scopus 로고
    • Braunschweig, Wiesbaden: Vieweg, [1889]
    • Camillo Sitte, Der Städtebau nach seinen künstlerischen Grundsätzen (Braunschweig, Wiesbaden: Vieweg, 1983 [1889]); Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Vintage Books, 1961); Leon Krier, Urban Spaces (London: Academy Editions, 1984).
    • (1983) Der Städtebau nach Seinen Künstlerischen Grundsätzen
    • Sitte, C.1
  • 14
    • 0003471688 scopus 로고
    • New York: Vintage Books
    • Camillo Sitte, Der Städtebau nach seinen künstlerischen Grundsätzen (Braunschweig, Wiesbaden: Vieweg, 1983 [1889]); Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Vintage Books, 1961); Leon Krier, Urban Spaces (London: Academy Editions, 1984).
    • (1961) The Death and Life of Great American Cities
    • Jacobs, J.1
  • 15
    • 0004139858 scopus 로고
    • London: Academy Editions
    • Camillo Sitte, Der Städtebau nach seinen künstlerischen Grundsätzen (Braunschweig, Wiesbaden: Vieweg, 1983 [1889]); Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Vintage Books, 1961); Leon Krier, Urban Spaces (London: Academy Editions, 1984).
    • (1984) Urban Spaces
    • Krier, L.1
  • 16
    • 9544247363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Our interest in this article is with new development because it is this aspect that has caught the public's imagination.
  • 19
    • 9544228899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Rizzoli
    • Calthorpe, op. cit.; Sim Van der Ryn and Peter Calthorpe, Sustainable Communities: The New Design Synthesis for Cities, Suburbs and Towns (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1986); See also Doug Kelbaugh, ed., The Pedestrian Pocket Book: A New Suburban Design Strategy (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1989).
    • Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk: Towns and Town-Making Principles
    • Calthorpe1
  • 21
    • 0003710669 scopus 로고
    • New York: Princeton Architectural Press
    • Calthorpe, op. cit.; Sim Van der Ryn and Peter Calthorpe, Sustainable Communities: The New Design Synthesis for Cities, Suburbs and Towns (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1986); See also Doug Kelbaugh, ed., The Pedestrian Pocket Book: A New Suburban Design Strategy (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1989).
    • (1989) The Pedestrian Pocket Book: A New Suburban Design Strategy
    • Kelbaugh, D.1
  • 23
    • 0003872027 scopus 로고
    • New York: Harmony Books
    • The transit oriented development approach seems to borrow from central place theory. Walter Christaller, Die zentralen Orte in Süddeutschland: eine ökonomisch-geographische Untersuchung über die Gesetunässigkeit der Verbreitung und Entwicklung der Siedlungen mit städtischen Funktionen (Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1933); see also Christopher Tunnard and Boris Pushkarev, Man-Made America: Chaos or Control? (New York: Harmony Books, 1981), pp. 38-43.
    • (1981) Man-Made America: Chaos or Control? , pp. 38-43
    • Tunnard, C.1    Pushkarev, B.2
  • 25
    • 9544227021 scopus 로고
    • Garden City, New York: Natural History Press
    • This appears to draw on Ian McHarg's Design with Nature (Garden City, New York: Natural History Press, 1969).
    • (1969)
    • McHarg, I.1    Nature, D.W.2
  • 34
    • 9544220296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • We are interested, here, only in the attempt by the Chicago School to understand the ways in which city form evolves over time. We address their assumptions about racial segregation in the next section.
  • 35
    • 0039180325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See in particular Ernest Burgess "The Growth of the City" and Roderick McKenzie, "The Ecological Approach to the Study of Human Community," in Robert Park, Ernest Burgess, and Roderick McKenzie, eds., The City: Suggestions for Investigation of Human Behavior in the Urban Environment (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1925).
    • The Growth of the City
    • Burgess, E.1
  • 36
    • 0005486098 scopus 로고
    • The Ecological Approach to the Study of Human Community
    • Robert Park, Ernest Burgess, and Roderick McKenzie, eds., Chicago: The University of Chicago Press
    • See in particular Ernest Burgess "The Growth of the City" and Roderick McKenzie, "The Ecological Approach to the Study of Human Community," in Robert Park, Ernest Burgess, and Roderick McKenzie, eds., The City: Suggestions for Investigation of Human Behavior in the Urban Environment (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1925).
    • (1925) The City: Suggestions for Investigation of Human Behavior in the Urban Environment
    • McKenzie, R.1
  • 43
    • 85040890724 scopus 로고
    • New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Eduardo E. Lozano, Community Design and the Culture of Cities: The Crossroad and the Wall (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990). Composition has always driven the work of architects and planners in the city (for example Haussmann and Sixtus V), but the difference now is that their work is applied to entire precincts and not just to ceremonial avenues and important monuments. For the role of the architect, see also R. Ellis and Dana Cuff, eds., Architects' People (New York: Oxford, 1989).
    • (1990) Community Design and the Culture of Cities: The Crossroad and the Wall
    • Lozano, E.E.1
  • 44
    • 0003801053 scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford
    • Eduardo E. Lozano, Community Design and the Culture of Cities: The Crossroad and the Wall (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990). Composition has always driven the work of architects and planners in the city (for example Haussmann and Sixtus V), but the difference now is that their work is applied to entire precincts and not just to ceremonial avenues and important monuments. For the role of the architect, see also R. Ellis and Dana Cuff, eds., Architects' People (New York: Oxford, 1989).
    • (1989) Architects' People
    • Ellis, R.1    Cuff, D.2
  • 45
    • 0343043187 scopus 로고
    • The Neo-traditional Revolution
    • May/June
    • Todd Bressi, "The Neo-traditional Revolution," in Utne Reader, May/June, 1992, p. 103.
    • (1992) Utne Reader , pp. 103
    • Bressi, T.1
  • 46
    • 9544232281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Krier has provided the design for the new town of Poundbury, sponsored by Prince Charles in the south of England.
  • 49
    • 85040896106 scopus 로고
    • trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith Cambridge, MA: Blackwell
    • We borrow this term from Henri Lefebvre, The Production of Space, trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1991), p. 95.
    • (1991) The Production of Space , pp. 95
    • Lefebvre, H.1
  • 50
    • 9544239995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seaside and New Haven
    • Krieger, on individual buildings can be avoided. Implicit in this is an assumption about the type of residents these developments hope to attract - only a small proportion of the North American population, an elite, would choose to hire an architect to meet individual household desires
    • Scully also notes that there is a need for codes so that the "trendy posturing of architectural follies" (Vincent Scully, "Seaside and New Haven," in Krieger, op. cit., p. 20) on individual buildings can be avoided. Implicit in this is an assumption about the type of residents these developments hope to attract - only a small proportion of the North American population, an elite, would choose to hire an architect to meet individual household desires.
    • The Production of Space , pp. 20
    • Scully, V.1
  • 51
    • 0039078772 scopus 로고
    • City Life and Difference
    • Philip Kasinitz ed., New York: New York University Press, [1976]
    • Iris Marion Young, "City Life and Difference" in Philip Kasinitz ed., Metropolis: Center and Symbol of our Times (New York: New York University Press, 1995 [1976]), p. 266.
    • (1995) Metropolis: Center and Symbol of Our Times , pp. 266
    • Young, I.M.1
  • 52
    • 9544235830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Again, we focus our discussion here on the work of Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk because the building industry is interested in this kind of repackaging of suburbia.
  • 56
    • 0003865517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Blackwell
    • Sharon Zukin, The Cultures of Cities (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1995), pp. 3, 7.
    • (1995) The Cultures of Cities , pp. 3
    • Zukin, S.1
  • 58
    • 0003865517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Young, op. cit., p. 261. The same phenomena can be found in neighborhoods with a strong identity. Newcomers that do not belong to the dominant group in social, racial or economic terms have a hard time getting accepted by the existing neighborhood community; see, for example, John Horton, The Politics of Diversity: Immigration, Resistance, and Change in Monterey Park, California (Philadelphia: Temple University, 1995).
    • The Cultures of Cities , pp. 261
    • Young1
  • 59
    • 0004100840 scopus 로고
    • Philadelphia: Temple University
    • Young, op. cit., p. 261. The same phenomena can be found in neighborhoods with a strong identity. Newcomers that do not belong to the dominant group in social, racial or economic terms have a hard time getting accepted by the existing neighborhood community; see, for example, John Horton, The Politics of Diversity: Immigration, Resistance, and Change in Monterey Park, California (Philadelphia: Temple University, 1995).
    • (1995) The Politics of Diversity: Immigration, Resistance, and Change in Monterey Park, California
    • Horton, J.1
  • 62
    • 0040857139 scopus 로고
    • Community Becomes Uncivilized
    • Philip Kasinitz, ed., New York: New York University Press, [1990]
    • Richard Sennett "Community Becomes Uncivilized," in Philip Kasinitz, ed., Metropolis: Center and Symbol of our Times (New York: New York University Press, 1995 [1990]), p. 248.
    • (1995) Metropolis: Center and Symbol of Our Times , pp. 248
    • Sennett, R.1
  • 65
    • 9544237731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Suburbanism
    • He uses the term in a positive manner to connote the potential improvements he sees in suburban life. We, however, view Suburbanism, new or old, as undesirable
    • We borrow the term "New Suburbanism" from Vincent Scully (op. cit., p. 221). He uses the term in a positive manner to connote the potential improvements he sees in suburban life. We, however, view Suburbanism, new or old, as undesirable.
    • The New Urbanism: Towards An Architecture of Community , pp. 221
    • Scully, V.1


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