Parks and park funding in los angeles: An equity-mapping analysis

Urban Geography

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 4-35

  Wolch, Jennifer ^a   Wilson, John P ^a   Fehrenbach, Jed ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Environmental justice; Equity mapping; Public finance; Urban parks

Indexed keywords

FINANCIAL PROVISION; GREENSPACE; PUBLIC SPACE; SOCIAL EXCLUSION; SOCIAL JUSTICE; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS; URBAN PLANNING;

CALIFORNIA; LOS ANGELES; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

EID: 24644505827     PISSN: 02723638     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2747/0272-3638.26.1.4     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Albrecht, S. L., 1995, Equity and justice in environmental decision making. A proposed research agenda. Society and Natural Resources, Vol. 6, 67-72.
2. Baas, J. M., Ewert, A., and Chavez, D., 1993, Influence of ethnicity on recreation and natural environment use patterns: Managing recreation sites for ethnic and racial diversity. Environmental Management, Vol. 17, 523-529.
3. Boocock, S. S., 1981, The life space of children. In S. Keller, Building for Women. Lexington, MA: Lexington, 16-43.
4. Boone, C. and Modarres, A., 1998, Creating a toxic neighborhood in Los Angeles County. Urban Affairs Review, Vol. 35, 163-187.
5. Burgess, J., Harrison, C. M., and Limb, M., 1988, People, parks and the urban green: A study of popular meanings and values for open spaces in the city. Urban Studies, Vol. 25, 455-473.
6. City of Los Angeles, Department of Recreation and Parks, 2001, Retrieved May 8, 2005 from the City of Los Angeles Web site http://www.laparks.org/dept.htm
7. Conway, D., Kahle, C., and Wolch, J. R., 2002, Pricing the Green City: An Hedonic Analysis of Residential Property Values and Urban Landscape Features Using GIS. Working Paper. Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California, Lusk Center for Real Estate.
8. Crompton, J. L., 2001a, Parks and Economic Development, Planning Advisory Service Report No. 502. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association.
9. Crompton, J. L., 2001b, The impact of parks on property values: A review of the empirical evidence. Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 33, 1-31.
10. Cunningham, C. E. and Jones, M., 1999, The playground: A confession of failure? Built Environment, Vol. 25, 11-17.
11. de Vries, S., Verheij, R. A., and Groenewegen, P. P., 2003, Natural environments— healthy environments? An exploration of the relationship between green space and health. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 35, 1717-1731.
12. Diamond, D. B., 1980, The relationship between amenities and urban land prices. Land Economics. Vol. 56, 21-32.
13. Floyd, M., 1998, Getting beyond marginality and ethnicity: The challenge for race and ethnic studies in leisure research. Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 30, 3-22.
14. Forsyth, A., 2000, Analyzing public space at a metropolitan scale: Notes on the potential for using GIS. Urban Geography, Vol. 21, 121-147.
15. Garvin, A., 2000, Parks, Recreation, and Open Space: A Twenty-First Century Agenda. Planning Advisory Service Report No. 497/498. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association.
16. Garvin, A. and Berens, C., 1998, Urban Parks and Open Space. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute.
17. Gumprecht, B., 1999, The Los Angeles River: Its Life, Death, and Possible Rebirth. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
18. Harnick, P., 2000, Inside City Parks. Washington DC: Urban Land Institute.
19. Hart, R., 1979, Children’s Experience of Place. New York, NY: Halsted.
20. Hester, R. T., Blazej, N. J., and Moore, I. S., 1999, Whose wild? Resolving cultural and biological diversity conflicts in urban wilderness. Landscape Journal, Vol. 18, 137-146.
21. Hise, G. and Deverell, W., 2000, Eden by Design. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
22. Lindsey, G., Maraj, M., and Kuan, S. C., 2001, Access, equity, and urban greenways: An exploratory investigation. Professional Geographer, Vol. 53, 332-347.
23. Loukaitou-Sideris, A., 1995, Urban form and social context: Cultural differentiation in the uses of urban parks. Journal of Planning Education and Research, Vol. 14, 89102.
24. Loukaitou-Sideris, A. and Stieglitz, O. 2002, Children in Los Angeles parks: A study of equity, quality, and children’s satisfaction with neighborhood parks. Town Planning Review, Vol. 73, 467-488.
25. Medrich, E., Rosen, J., Rubin, V., and Buckley, S., 1982, The serious business of growing up. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
26. Morello-Frosch, R., Pastor, M., and Sadd, J. L., 2001, Environmental justice and southern California’s “riskscape”: The distribution of air toxics exposures and health risks among diverse communities. Urban Affairs Review, Vol. 36, 80-163.
27. Nabhan, G. P. and Trimble, S., 1994, The geography of childhood: Why children need wild places. Boston, MA: Beacon.
28. National Recreation and Parks Association, 2000, National Park Land Standards, 2000. Retrieved July 18, 2004 from the City of Cedar Park, Texas Web site http://www.ci.cedar-park.tx.us/Recreation/park_standards.html
29. Nicholls, S., 2001, Measuring the accessibility and equity of public parks: A case study using GIS. Managing Leisure, Vol. 6, 201-219.
30. Pastor, M., Sadd, J. L., and Hipp, J., 2001, What came first? Toxic facilities, minority move-in, and environmental justice. Journal of Urban Affairs, Vol. 23, 1-21.
31. Price, J., 2001, A field guide to the L.A. River. Los Angeles Weekly, August 10-16.
32. Proshanski, H., Fabian, R. K., and Kaminoff, R., 1983, Place-identity: Physical world socialization of the self. Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 3, 57-83.
33. Pulido, L., 2000. Rethinking environmental racism: White privilege and urban development in Southern California. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 90, 12-40.
34. Pulido, L., Sidawi, S., and Vos, R. O., 1996, An archaeology of environmental racism in Los Angeles. Urban Geography, Vol. 17, 419-439.
35. Sadd, J. L., Pastor, M., Boer, J. T., and Snyder, L. D., 1999, “Every breath you take”: The demographics of toxic air releases in Southern California. Economic Development Quarterly, Vol. 13, 107-123.
36. Sallis, J., Hovell, M., Hoffstetter, C., Elder, J., Hackley, M., Caspersen, C., and Powell, K., 1990, Distance between homes and exercise facilities related to frequency of exercise among San Diego residents. Public Health Reports, Vol. 105, 179-186.
37. SCAG (Southern California Association of Governments), 2002, State of the Region 2002. Los Angeles, CA: SCAG.
38. Schwadron, T. and Richter, P., 1984, California and the American Tax Revolt: Proposition 13 Five Years Later. Berkeley, CA and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
39. Solokow, A. D., 1998, The changing property tax and state-local relations. Publius, Vol. 28, 165-187.
40. Spowers, R., 2000, The ecology of Hollywood. Geographical Magazine, Vol. 72, 52-58.
41. Talen, E., 1998, Visualizing fairness: Equity maps for planners. Journal of the American Planning Association, Vol. 64, 22-38.
42. Talen, E. and Anselin, L., 1998, Assessing spatial equity: An evaluation of measures of accessibility to public playgrounds. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 30, 595-613.
43. Tarrant, M. A. and Cordell, H. K., 1999, Environmental justice and the spatial distribution of outdoor recreation sites: An application of geographic information systems. Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 31, 18-331.
44. Weiss, M., 1987, The Rise of the Community Builders. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
45. Wolch, J., Pincetl, S., and Pulido, L., 2002, Urban nature and the nature of urbanism. In M. Dear, From Chicago to L.A.: Making Sense of Urban Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 367-402.
46. Young, T., 1995, Modern urban parks. Geographic Review, Vol. 85, 535-551.