Heat and mass budgets of the warm upper layer of the tropical Atlantic Ocean in 1979-99

Journal of Physical Oceanography

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 903-919

  Vauclair, F ^a   Du Penhoat, Y ^a   Reverdin, G ^b  

^a LEGOS   (France)

^b Laboratoire d'Oceanographie Dynamique et de Climatologie   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DATA ACQUISITION; OBSERVABILITY; OCEANOGRAPHY; TEMPERATURE CONTROL; VELOCITY MEASUREMENT;

HEAT BUDGETS; MASS BUDGETS; WARM WATER LAYER;

SPECIFIC HEAT;

HEAT BUDGET; THERMAL STRUCTURE; THERMOCLINE; UPPER OCEAN; WARM POOL;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (TROPICAL);

EID: 2442665047     PISSN: 00223670     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<0903:HAMBOT>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Arnault, S., 1987: Tropical Atlantic geostrophic currents and ship drifts. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5076-5088.
2. Arnault, and R. E. Cheney, 1994: Tropical Atlantic sea-level variability from Geosat (1985-1989). J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18 027-18 223.
3. Bryden, H. L., and E. C. Brady, 1985: Diagnostic model of the three-dimensional circulation in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 1255-1273.
4. Cardone, V. J., J. G. Greenwood, and M. A. Cane, 1990: On trends in historical marine wind data. J. Climate, 3, 113-127.
5. Carton, J. A., and B. Huang, 1994: Warm events in the tropical Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 888-903.
6. Carton, J. A., X. Cao, B. Giese, and A. da Silva, 1996: Decadal and interannual SST variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 1165-1175.
7. Chereskin, T. K., and D. Roemmich, 1991: A comparison of measured and wind-driven Ekman transport at 11°N in the Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 869-878.
8. Delécluse, P., J. Servain, C. Levy, and L. Bengston, 1994: On the connection between the 1984 Atlantic warm event and the 1982-1983 ENSO. Tellus, 46A, 448-464.
9. Enfield, D. B., and D. A. Mayer, 1997: Tropical Atlantic sea-surface temperature variability and its relation to El Niño-Southern Oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 929-945.
10. Gouriou, Y., and G. Reverdin, 1992: Isopycnal and diapycnal circulation of the upper equatorial Atlantic Ocean in 1983-1984. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3543-3572.
11. Hakkinen, S., and K. C. Mo, 2002: The low-frequency variability of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. J. Climate, 15, 237-250.
12. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
13. Levitus, S., and T. P. Boyer, 1994: Temperature. Vol. 4, World Ocean Atlas 1994, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 4, 117 pp.
14. Meinen, C., and M. J. McPhaden, 2000: Observations of warm water volume changes in the equatorial Pacific and their relation to El Niño and La Niña. J. Climate, 13, 3551-3559.
15. Meinen, C., and M. J. McPhaden, 2001: Interannual variability in warm water volume transports in the equatorial Pacific during 1993-99. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 1324-1345.
16. Merle, J., 1980a: Seasonal heat budget in the equatorial Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 464-469.
17. Merle, J., 1980b: Variabilité thermique annuelle et interannuelle de l'océan Atlantique equatorial est: L'hypothèse d'un El Niño Atlantique. Oceanol. Acta, 3, 209-220.
18. Newell, R. E., 1986: An approach towards equilibrium temperature in the tropical eastern Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1338-1342.
19. Niiler, P., and J. Stevenson, 1982: The heat budget of tropical ocean warm-water pools. J. Mar. Res., 40, 465-480.
20. Nobre, P., and J. Shukla, 1996: Variations of sea surface temperature, wind stress and rainfall over the tropical Atlantic and South America. J. Climate, 9, 2464-2479.
21. Philander, S. G. H., 1986: Unusual conditions in the tropical Atlantic Ocean in 1984. Nature, 322, 236-238.
22. Picaut, J., S. P. Hayes, and M. J. McPhaden, 1989: Use of the geostrophic approximation to estimate time-varying zonal currents at the equator. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 3228-3236.
23. Pond, S., and G. L. Pickard, 1983: Introductory Dynamical Oceanography. Pergamon Press, 329 pp.
24. Posmentier, E. S., M. A. Cane, and S. Zebiak, 1989: Tropical Pacific climate trends since 1960. J. Climate, 2, 731-736.
25. Richardson, P. L., and T. K. McKee, 1984: Average seasonal variations of the Atlantic equatorial currents from historical ship drifts. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 1226-1238.
26. Roemmich, D. H., 1983: The balance of geostrophic and Ekman transports in the tropical Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1534-1549.
27. Saravanan, R., and P. Chang, 2000: Interaction between tropical Atlantic variability and El Niño-Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 13, 2177-2194.
28. Servain, J., 1991: Simple climatic indices for the tropical Atlantic Ocean and some applications. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 15 137-15 146.
29. Servain, J., M. Seva, S. Lukas, and G. Rougier, 1987: Climatic atlas of tropical Atlantic wind stress and sea surface temperature: 1980-1984. Ocean Air Int. J., 1, 109-182.
30. Servain, J., I. Wainer, J. P. McCreary, and A. Dessier, 1999: Relationship between the equatorial and meridional modes of climatic variability in the tropical Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 485-488.
31. Sirven, J., C. Frankignoul, S. Février, N. Sénnéchal, and F. Bonjean, 1998: Two-layer model simulations using observation and model-based wind stresses of the 1985-1992 thermocline depth anomalies in the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 21 367-21 384.
32. Stricherz, J., D. M. Legler, and J. J. O'Brien, 1997: TOGA Pseudo-Stress Atlas 1985-1994, Vol. 2: Pacific Ocean. The Florida State University, 155 pp.
33. Vauclair, F., and Y. du Penhoat 2001: Interannual variability of the upper layer of the tropical Atlantic Ocean from in-situ data between 1979 and 1999. Climate Dyn., 17, 527-546.
34. Zebiak, S. E., 1993: Air-sea interactions in the equatorial Atlantic region. J. Climate, 6, 1567-1586.