Two-layer model simulations using observation and model-based wind stresses of the 1985-1992 thermocline depth anomalies in the tropical Pacific

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 103, Issue C10, 1998, Pages 21367-21383

  Sirven, J ^a   Frankignoul, C ^a   Fevrier S ^a   Sennechael N ^a,b   Bonjean, F ^a  

^a CNRS   (France)

^b MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; ATMOSPHERIC FORCING; MODELING; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; THERMOCLINE; WIND STRESS;

(TROPICAL); PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 0032531395     PISSN: 21699275     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/98JC01463     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Andrich, P., Développement de modèles numériques océaniques pour l'étude du couplage océan-atmosphère, thèse de doctorat,Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 1988.
2. Braconnot, P., C. Frankignoul, Testing model simulations of the thermocline depth variability in the tropical Atlantic from 1982 through 1984, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 626-647, 1993.
3. Busalacchi, A. J., M. J. McPhaden, J. Picaut, S. R. Springer, Modelling North Pacific SST anomalies as a response to anomalous atmospheric forcing, J. Mar. Syst., 1, 119-154, 1990.
4. Cane, M. A., The response of an equatorial ocean to simple wind stress patterns, I, Model formulation and analytic results, J. Mar. Res., 37, 233-252, 1979 a.
5. Cane, M. A., The response of an equatorial ocean to simple wind stress patterns, II, Numerical results, J. Mar. Res., 37, 253-299, 1979 b.
6. Chen, Y. Q., D. S. Battisti, E. S. Sarachik, A new ocean model for studying the tropical oceanic aspects of ENSO, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 2065-2089, 1995.
7. Chiswell, S. M., K. A. Donohue, M. Wimbush, Variability in the central equatorial Pacific, 1985-1989, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 15849-15863, 1995.
8. Delcroix, T., J. Picaut, G. Eldin, Equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves evidenced in the Pacific Ocean through Geosat sea level and surface current anomalies, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3249-3262, 1991.
9. Déqué, M., C. Dreveton, A. Braun, D. Cariolle, Arpège/IFS: The climate version Working Rep. 23Groupe de Mod. de Grande Échelle et Clim., Cent. Nat. Rech. Météorol., Toulouse, France, 1993.
10. Duchêne, C., C. Frankignoul, Seasonal variations of surface dynamic topography in the tropical Atlantic: Observational uncertainties and model testing, J. Mar. Res., 49, 223-247, 1991.
11. Février, S., J. Sirven, C. Frankignoul, An intermediate resolution model of the seasonal variability of the Tropical Atlantic, Global Atmos. Ocean Syst., 3, 81-106, 1995.
12. Flury, B., Common Principal Components and Related Multivariate Models, 258, John Wiley, New York, 1988.
13. Frankignoul, C., C. Duchêne, M. Cane, A statistical approach to testing equatorial ocean models with observed data, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 1191-1208, 1989.
14. Frankignoul, C., F. Bonjean, G. Reverdin, Interannual variability of surface currents in the tropical Pacific during 1987-1993, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3629-3647, 1996.
15. Gates, W. L., AMIP: The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 73, 1962-1970, 1992.
16. Goldenberg, S. P., J. J. O'Brien, Time and space variability of tropical Pacific wind stress, Mon. Weather Rev., 109, 1190-1207, 1981.
17. Harrison, D. E., W. S. Kessler, B. S. Giese, Ocean circulation model hindcasts of the 1982-83 El Niño: Thermal variability along the ship of opportunity tracks, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 397-418, 1989.
18. Hayes, S. P., L. J. Mangum, J. Picaut, A. Sumi, K. Takeuchi, TOGA-TAO: A moored array for real-time measurements in the tropical Pacific Ocean, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 72, 339-347, 1991.
19. Ji, M., A. Leetmaa, J. Derber, An ocean analysis system for seasonal to interannual climate studies, Mon. Weather Rev., 13, 460-481, 1995.
20. Kessler, W. S., Observations of long Rossby waves in the northern tropical Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 5183-5217, 1990.
21. Leith, C. E., The standard error of time-average estimates of climatic means, J. Appl. Meteorol., 12, 1066-1069, 1973.
22. Levitus, S., Annual cycle of temperature and heat storage in the World Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 727-746, 1984.
23. Liu, W. T., K. B. Katsaros, J. A. Businger, Bulk parameterization of air-sea exchanges of heat and water vapor including the molecular constraints at the interface, J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1722-1735, 1979.
24. McCarty, M. E., M. J. McPhaden, Mean seasonal cycles and interannual variations at 0°, 165°W during 1986-1992 NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-98, 64Pac. Mar. Environ. Lab., Seattle, Wash., 1993.
25. McPhaden, M. J., M. E. McCarty, Mean seasonal cycles and interannual variations at 0°, 110°W and 0°, 140°W during 1980-1991 NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-95, 118Pac. Mar. Environ. Lab., Seattle, Wash., 1992.
26. McPhaden, M. J., B. A. Taft, On the dynamics of the seasonal and intraseasonal variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 1713-1732, 1988.
27. McPhaden, M. J., A. J. Busalacchi, J. Picaut, G. Raymond, A model study of potential sampling errors due to data scatter around bathythermograph transects in the tropical Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 8119-8130, 1988.
28. Meyers, G., H. Phillips, N. Smith, J. Sprintall, Space and time scales for optimal interpolation of temperature in Tropical Pacific Ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 28, 189-218, 1991.
29. Palmer, T. N., D. A. Mansfield, A study of wintertime circulation anomalies during past El-Niño events, using a high resolution general circulation model, I, Influence of model climatology, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 112, 613-638, 1986 a.
30. Palmer, T. N., D. A. Mansfield, A study of wintertime circulation anomalies during past El-Niño events, using a high resolution general circulation model, II, Variability of the seasonal mean response, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 112, 639-660, 1986 b.
31. Reynolds, R. W., A real-time global sea surface temperature analysis, J. Clim., 1, 75-86, 1988.
32. Reynolds, R. W., K. Arpe, C. Gordon, S. P. Hayes, A. Leetmaa, M. J. McPhaden, A comparison of tropical Pacific surface wind analyses, J. Clim., 2, 105-111, 1989.
33. Roeckner, E., L. Dumenil, E. Kirk, F. Lunkeit, M. Ponater, B. Rockel, R. Sausen, and, U. Schlese, The Hamburg version of the ECMWF model (ECHAM), in Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modelling, CAS/JSC Working Group on Numer. Exp., edited by, G. J. Boer, Rep. 13, pp. 7.1-7.4,World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1989.
34. Sadler, J., B. J. Kilonsky, Deriving surface winds from satellite observations of low-level cloud motions, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 24, 758-769, 1985.
35. Schopf, P. S., M. A. Cane, On equatorial dynamics, mixed layer physics and sea surface temperature, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 917-935, 1983.
36. Sirven, J., The equatorial undercurrent in a two layer shallow water model, J. Mar. Syst., 9, 171-186, 1996.
37. Slingo, A., R. C. Wilderspin, R. N. B. Smith, Effect of improved physical parameterizations on simulations of cloudiness and the Earth's radiation budget, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 2281-2301, 1989.
38. Wang, B., T. Li, P. Chang, An intermediate model of the tropical Pacific Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1599-1616, 1995.
39. White, W. B., G. Meyers, K. Hasunuma, Space-time statistics of short-term climatic variability in the western North Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 1979-1989, 1982.