Is the Glass Ceiling a Unique form of Inequality? Evidence from a Random-Effects Model of Managerial Attainment

Work and Occupations

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 250-274

  Maume Jr , David J ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

^b Department of Sociology ^*

Author keywords

Careers; Gender inequality; Glass ceiling; Managerial attainment; Racial inequality

Indexed keywords

EID: 2442586587     PISSN: 07308884     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0730888404263908     Document Type: Review

References (42)

1. Alessio, J. C., & Andrzejewski, J. (2000). Unveiling the hidden glass ceiling: An analysis of the cohort effect claim. American Sociological Review, 65, 311-315.
2. Bailyn, L. (1993). Breaking the mold: Women, men, and time in the new corporate world. New York: Free Press.
3. Baldi, S., & McBrier, D. B. (1997). Do the determinants of promotion differ for Blacks and Whites? Evidence form the U.S. labor market. Work and Occupations, 24, 478-497.
4. Benjamin, L. (1991). The Black elite. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
5. Braddock, J. H., & McPartland, J. M. (1987). How minorities continue to be excluded from equal employment opportunities: Research on labor market and institutional barriers. Journal of Social Issues, 43, 5-39.
6. Cancio, S. A., Evans T. D., & Maume, D. J., Jr. (1996). Reconsidering the declining significance of race: Racial differences in early career wages. American Sociological Review, 61, 541-556.
7. Chao, G. T. (1997). Mentoring phases and outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 51, 15-28.
8. Collins, S. (1989). The marginalization of Black executives. Social Problems, 36, 317-331.
9. Cordtz, D. (1994, August 16). The glass ceiling. Financial World, 64.
10. Cotter, D. A., Hermsen, J., Ovadia, S., & Vanneman, R. (2001). The glass ceiling effect. Social Forces, 80, 655-681.
11. Dreher, G. F., & Ash, R. A. (1990). A comparative study of mentoring among men and women in managerial, professional and technical positions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 539-546.
12. Edelman, L. (1992). Legal ambiguity and symbolic structures: Organizational mediation of civil rights law. American Journal of Sociology, 97, 1531-1576.
13. England, P. (1992). Comparable worth: Theories and evidence. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
14. Federal Glass Ceiling Commission. (1995). Good for business: Making full use of the nation's resources. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
15. Fried, M. (1998). Taking time: Parental leave policy and corporate culture. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
16. Gibelman, M., & Schervish, P. (1995). Pay equity in social work: "Not"! Social Work, 40, 622-629.
17. Harlan, S. L., & Berheide, C. W. (1994). Barriers to workplace advancement experienced by women in low-paying occupations. Center for Women in Government, University at Albany, State University of New York.
18. Heckman, J. J. (1979). Sample selection bias as specification error. Econometrica, 47,153-161.
19. Jackall, R. (1988). Moral mazes: The world of corporate managers. New York: Oxford.
20. Jacobs, J. A. (1992). Women's entry into management: Trends in earnings, authority, and values among salaried managers. Administrative Science Quarterly, 372, 282-301.
21. Jacobs, J. A. (1999). The sex segregation of occupations: Prospects for the 21st century. In G. N. Powell (Ed.), Handbook of gender and work (pp. 125-141). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
22. Jacobs, D., & Carmichael, J. T. (2002). The political sociology of the death penalty: A pooled time-series analysis. American Sociological Review, 67, 109-131.
23. Jones, E. W., Jr. (1986). Black managers: The dream deferred. Harvard Business Review, 64, 84-93.
24. Kanter, R. M. (1977). Men and women of the corporation. New York: Basic Books.
25. Maume, D. J., Jr. (1999). Glass ceilings and glass escalators: Occupational segregation and race and sex differences in managerial promotions. Work and Occupations, 26, 483-509.
26. Morgan, L. A. (1998). Glass-ceiling effect or cohort effect: A longitudinal study of the gender earnings gap, 1982 to 1989. American Sociological Review, 63, 479-493.
27. Naff, K. C., & Thomas, S. (1994). The glass ceiling revisited: Determinants of federal job advancement. Policy Studies Review, 13, 249-272.
28. Olson, J. E., & Frieze, I. H. (1987). Income determinants for women in business. In A. H. Stromberg, L. Larwood, & B. A. Guteck (Eds.), Women and work: An annual review (Vol. 2, pp. 173-206). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
29. Pendergast, J. F., Gauge, S. J., Newton, M. A., Lindstrom, M. J., Palta, M., & Fisher, M. R. (1996). A survey of methods for analyzing clustered binary response data. International Statistical Review, 64, 89-118.
30. Perlow, L. A. (1998). Boundary control: The social ordering of work and family time in a high-tech corporation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43, 328-357.
31. Reskin, B. F. (2003). Including mechanisms in our models of ascriptive inequality. American Sociological Review, 68, 1-21.
32. Reskin, B. F., & Padavic, I. (2001). Men and women at work (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
33. Rosenfeld, R. (1980). Race and sex differences in career dynamics. American Sociological Review, 45, 583-609.
34. Son, S., Model, S., & Fisher, G. (1989). Polarization and progress in the Black community: Earnings and status gains for young Black males in the era of affirmative action. Sociological Forum, 4, 309-327.
35. Sullins, P. (2000). The stained glass ceiling: Career attainment for women clergy. Sociology of Religion, 61(3), 243-266.
36. Stata. (2001). Reference Manual, version 7. College Station, TX. Stata, Inc.
37. Tabak, F. (1997). Women's upward mobility in manufacturing organizations in Istanbul: A glass ceiling initiative? Sex Roles, 36, 93-102.
38. Tan, A. (1990). Why Asian Americans leave journalism and why they stay. New York: Asian American Journalists Association.
39. Wellington, A. (1993). Changes in the male/female wage gap, 1976-85. Journal of Human Resources, 28, 343-411.
40. Wilson, G., Sakura-Lemessy, I., & West, J. P. (1997). Reaching the top: Racial differences in paths to upper-tier occupations. Work and Occupations, 26, 165-186.
41. Wilson, W. J. (1980). The declining significance of race: Blacks and changing American institutions (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
42. Wilson, W. J. (1989). The declining significance of race: Revisited but not revised. In C. V. Willie (Ed.), Caste and class controversy on race and poverty (2nd ed., pp. 22-36). Dix Hills, NY: General Hall, Inc.