The economics of tobacco advertising: Spending, demand, and the effects of bans

International Journal of Advertising

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 41-65

  Lancaster, Kent M ^a   Lancaster, Alyse R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 2442523175     PISSN: 02650487     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02650487.2003.11072839     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Abernethy, A.M. & Teel, J.E. (1986) Advertising regulations effect upon demand for cigarettes. Journal of Advertising, 15, pp. 51–55.
2. Andrews, R.L. & Franke, G.R. (1991) The determinants of cigarette consumption: a meta-analysis. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 10, pp. 81–100.
3. Atkinson, A.R. & Skegg, J.L. (1973) Anti-smoking policy and the demand for tobacco in the U.K. The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 41, pp. 265–282.
4. Baltagi, B.H. & Levin, D. (1986) Estimating dynamic demand for cigarettes using panel data: the effects of bootlegging, taxation, and advertising reconsidered. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 68, pp. 148–155.
5. Bardsley, P. & Olekalns. N. (1999) Cigarette and tobacco consumption: have antismoking policies made a difference? The Economic Record, 75, pp. 225–240.
6. Bishop, J.A. & Yoo, J.H. (1985) Health scare, excise taxes and advertising ban in the cigarette demand and supply. Southern Economic Journal, 52, pp. 402–411.
7. Boddewyn, J.J. (1986) Tobacco Advertising Bans and Consumption in 16 Countries. New York: International Advertising Association.
8. Boddewyn, J.J. (1989) There is no convincing evidence for a relationship between cigarette advertising and consumption. British Journal of Addiction, 84, pp. 1255–1261.
9. Boddweyn, J.J. (1994) Cigarette advertising bans and smoking: the flawed policy connection. International Journal of Advertising, 13, pp. 311–332.
10. Brodie, A. & Garvey, A. (2000) Euro tobacco ad bans still likely. Media Week, 13 October, p. 10.
11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, www.cdc.gov/tobacco.
12. Chapman, S. (1989) The limitations of econometric analysis in cigarette advertising studies. British Journal of Addiction, 84, pp. 1267–1274.
13. Chetwynd, J., Coope, P., Brodie, R.J. & Wells, E. (1988) Impact of cigarette advertising on aggregate demand for cigarettes in New Zealand. British Journal of Addiction, 83, pp. 409–414.
14. Comanor, W.S. & Wilson, T.A. (1974) Advertising and Market Power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
15. Cox, H. & Smith, R. (1984) Political approaches to smoking control: a comparative analysis. Applied Economics, 16, pp. 569–582.
16. Day, J. (2001) EU plans fresh curbs on tobacco merchandising. 1 March http://www.mediaguardian.co.uk/advertising/story/0,7492,444899,00.html.
17. Doctors (2002) Doctors lobby for shock tobacco ads. (5 June), http://bbc/co/uk/2/hi/health/2027680.stm.
18. Doron, G. (1979) The Smoking Paradox: Public Regulation in the Cigarette Industry. Cambridge, MA: Abt Books.
19. Duffy, M. (1994) Advertising and cigarette demand in the United Kingdom. Working paper No. 9408, Manchester School of Management, UMIST, Manchester.
20. Duffy, M. (1995) Advertising in demand systems for alcoholic drinks and tobacco: a comparative study. Journal of Policy Modeling, 17, pp. 557–577.
21. Duffy, M. (1996a) Econometric studies of advertising, advertising restrictions, and cigarette demand: a survey. International Journal of Advertising, 15, pp. 1–23.
22. Duffy, M. (1996b) An econometric study of advertising and cigarette demand in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Advertising, 15, pp. 262–284.
23. EC (2000) Britain shuns EC decision on tobacco advertising. 5 October, http://www.cnn.com/2000/world/europe/10/15/tobacco.advertising/.
24. EU (1998) EU bans tobacco ads. Located at BBC News Online, 13 May: http://news2.thls.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/newsid_92000/92877.stm.
25. EU (2001) EU said to ready ban on tobacco advertising. The Boston Globe, 21 May, p. A6.
26. EU (2000) EU tobacco ban could be dropped. 15 June, http://bbc/co/uk/2/hi/english/world//europe/newsid_792000/792122.stm.
27. Europe (2000) European tobacco ban overturned. 5 October, http://bbc/co/uk/2/hi/world//europe/956194.stm.
28. Europe (2001) Europe strikes at smoking. 15 May, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/1331986.stm.
29. Franke, G.R. (1994) U.S. cigarette demand, 1961–1990: econometric issues, evidence, and implications. Journal of Business Research, 30, pp. 33–41.
30. Fujii, E.T. (1980) The demand for cigarettes: further empirical evidence and its implications for public policy. Applied Economics, 12, pp. 479–489.
31. Goel, R.K. & Morey, M.J. (1995) The interdependence of cigarette and liquor demand. Southern Economic Journal, 62, pp. 451–459.
32. Hamilton, J.L. (1972) The demand for cigarettes: advertising, the health scare, and the cigarette advertising ban. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 54, pp. 401–411.
33. Hamilton, J.L. (1977) The effect of cigarette advertising bans on cigarette consumption. Proceedings of the 3rd World Conference on Smoking and Health, US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, pp. 829–840.
34. High, H. (1999) Does Advertising Increase Smoking? Economics, Free Speech, and Advertising Bans. London: Institute of Economic Affairs.
35. Holak, S.L. & Reddy, S.K. (1986) Effects of a television and radio advertising ban: a study of the cigarette industry. Journal of Marketing, 50(4), pp. 219–227. International Digest of Health Legislation, http://www-nt.who.int/idhl/index.html.
36. Ippolito, R.A., Murphy, R.D. & Sant, D. (1979) Staff Report on Consumer Responses to Cigarette Health Information. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Economics, Federal Trade Commission.
37. Johnston, J. (1980) Advertising and the aggregate demand for cigarettes: a comment. European Economic Review, 14, pp. 117–125.
38. Johnson, L.W. (1986) Advertising expenditure and aggregate demand for cigarettes in Australia. International Journal of Advertising, 5, pp. 45–58.
39. Johnson, L.W. (1988) Cigarette advertising and public policy. International Journal of Social Economics, 15, pp. 76–80.
40. Kao, K. & Tremblay, V.J. (1988) Cigarette ‘health scare,’ excise taxes, and advertising ban: comment. Southern Economic Journal, 54, pp. 770–776.
41. Kelder, G. & Davidson, P. (eds) (1998) The Multistate Master Settlement Agreement and the future of state and local tobacco control: an analysis of selected topics and provisions of the Multistate Master Settlement Agreement of November 23, 1998. Northeastern University School of Law: Tobacco Control Resource Center, http://www.tobacco.neu.edu/msa/index.html#Chapter%20Two.
42. Kleinman, M. (2002) Germany contests UK tobacco ad ban. Marketing, 11 July, p. 1.
43. Laugesen, M. (1992) Tobacco advertising bans cut smoking. British Journal of Addiction, 87, pp. 965–966.
44. Laugesen, M. & Meads, C. (1991) Tobacco advertising restrictions, price, income, and tobacco consumption in OECD countries, 1960–1986. British Journal of Addiction, 86, pp. 1343–1354.
45. Leeflang, P.S.H. & Reuijl, J.C. (1985) Advertising and industry sales: an empirical study of the West German cigarette market. Journal of Marketing, 49, pp. 92–98.
46. Lewit, E.M., Coate, D. & Grossman, M. (1981) The effects of government regulation on teenage smoking. Journal of Law and Economics, 24, pp. 545–573.
47. Luik, J.C. (1994) Do tobacco advertising bans really work? A review of the evidence. The Niagara Institute, Ontario, Canada.
48. Luik, J.C. (1996) The ‘Smee Report’ as a contribution to the tobacco advertising debate. In Advertising & Markets, Luik, J.C. & Waterson, M.J. (eds), pp. 303–311. London: NTC.
49. McAuliffe, R.E. (1987) Advertising, Competition, and Public Policy. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
50. McAuliffe, R.E. (1988) The FTC and the effectiveness of cigarette advertising regulations. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 7, pp. 49–64.
51. McGuiness, T. & Cowling, K. (1975) Advertising and the aggregate demand for cigarettes. European Economic Review, 6, pp. 311–328.
52. McLeod, P.B. (1986) Advertising bans, tobacco and cigarette consumption. Economics Letters, 20, pp. 391–396.
53. Meller, P. (2000) Tobacco ad ban repeal throws onus on states. Ad Age Global, October, p. 5.
54. Metra (1979) The Relationship Between Total Cigarette Advertising and Total Cigarette Consumption in the U.K., vols 1 and 2. London: Metra Consulting Group.
55. Pekurinen, M. (1989) The demand for tobacco products in Finland. British Journal of Addiction, 84, pp. 1183–1192.
56. Porter, R.H. (1984) The impact of government policy on the U.S. cigarette industry. In Empirical Approaches to Consumer Protection Economics, Ippolito, P.M. & Scheffman, D.T. (eds), pp. 447–481. Washington, DC: US Federal Trade Commission.
57. Radfar, M. (1985) The effect of advertising on total consumption of cigarettes in the U.K. European Economic Review, 29, pp. 225–231.
58. Reinhardt, F.S. & Giles, D.E.A. (2001) Are cigarette bans really good economic policy? Applied Economics, 33, pp. 1365–1368.
59. Reuijl, J.C. (1982) On the Determination of Advertising Effectiveness. Hingham, MA: Kluwer-Nijoff Publishing.
60. Saffer, H. & Chaloupka, F. (2000) The effect of tobacco advertising bans on tobacco consumption. Journal of Health Economics, 19, pp. 1117–1137.
61. Schmalensee, R. (1972) The Economics of Advertising. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing.
62. Schnabel, M. (1972) An oligopoly model of the cigarette industry. Southern Economic Journal, 38, pp. 325–335.
63. Schneider, L., Klein, B. & Murphy, K.M. (1981) Governmental regulation of cigarette health information. Journal of Law and Economics, 24, pp. 575–613.
64. Schuster, C. & Powell, C.P. (1987) Comparison of cigarette and alcohol controversies. Journal of Advertising, 16, pp. 26–33.
65. Seldon, B.J. & Boyd, R. (1991) The stability of cigarette demand. Applied Economics, 23, pp. 319–326.
66. Seldon, B.J. & Doroodian, K. (1989) A simultaneous model of cigarette advertising: Effects on demand and industry response to public policy. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 71, pp. 673–677.
67. Sissoko, M. (2002) Cigarette consumption in different U.S. states, 1955–1998: an empirical analysis of the potential use of excise taxation to reduce smoking. Journal of Consumer Policy, 25, pp. 89–106.
68. Smee, C. (1992) Effect of Tobacco Advertising on Tobacco Consumption: A Discussion Document Reviewing the Evidence. London: Economics and Operational Research Division, UK Department of Health.
69. Stavrinos, V.G. (1987) The effects of an anti-smoking campaign on cigarette consumption: empirical evidence from Greece. Applied Economics, 19, pp. 323–329.
70. Stewart, M.J. (1993) The effect on tobacco consumption of advertising bans on OECD countries. International Journal of Advertising, 12, pp. 155–180.
71. Stewart, M.J. (1992) Tobacco consumption and advertising restrictions: a critique of Laugesen and Meads (1991). International Journal of Advertising, 11, pp. 97–118.
72. Teel, S.J., Teel, J.E. & Bearden, W.O. (1979) Lessons learned from the broadcast cigarette advertising ban. Journal of Marketing, 43, pp. 45–50.
73. Tegene, A. (1991) Kalman filter and the demand for cigarettes. Applied Economics, 23, pp. 1175–1182.
74. Tobacco Advertising & Promotion (2002) http://www.ash.org.uk/html/factsheets/html/fact19.html.
75. Tobacco industry may challenge ads ban (1997), 5 December: http://news2.thls.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/business/newsid_37000/37280.stm.
76. UK (1999) UK stubs out tobacco ads. 17 June: http://news2.thls.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk_politics/newsid_371000/371264.stm.
77. Valdes, B. (1993) Cigarette consumption in Spain: empirical evidence and implications for public health policy. Applied Economics, 25, pp. 149–156.
78. Wakefield, M.A., Terry-McElrath, Y., Chaloupka, F.J., Barker, D.C., Slater, S.J., Clark, P.I. & Giovino, G.A. (2002) Tobacco industry marketing at point of purchase after the 1998 MSA billboard advertising ban. American Journal of Public Health, 92, pp. 937–940.
79. Warner, K.E. (1977) The effects of the anti-smoking campaign in cigarette consumption. American Journal of Public Health, 67, pp. 645–650.
80. Warner, K.E. (1989) Effects of the antismoking campaign: an update. American Journal of Public Health, 79, pp. 144–151.
81. Wilcox, G.B. & Vacker, B. (1992) Cigarette advertising and consumption in the United States: 1961–1990. International Journal of Advertising, 11, pp. 269–278.
82. Wilcox, G.B., Tharp, M. & Yang, K.T. (1994) Cigarette advertising and consumption in South Korea, 1988–1992. International Journal of Advertising, 13, pp. 333–346.
83. Witt, S.F. & Pass, C.L. (1985) Forecasting cigarette consumption: the causal model approach. International Journal of Social Economics, 10, pp. 18–33.
84. Yucelt, U. & Kaynak, E. (1984) A study of measuring influence of advertising and forecasting cigarette sales. Managerial and Decision Economics, 5, pp. 213–218.