Electrically controllable all-fiber PMD emulator using a compact array of thin-film microheaters

Journal of Lightwave Technology

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 1059-1065

  Hauer, M C ^a   Yu, Q ^b   Lyons, E R ^c   Lin, C H ^d   Au, A A ^d   Lee, H P ^d   Willner, Alan E ^a  

^a University of Southern California ^*  (United States)

^b Scintera Networks   (United States)

^c RAYTHEON COMPANY   (United States)

^d University of California at Irvine   (United States)

Author keywords

Optical communications; PMD emulator; Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation; Wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks

Indexed keywords

BIREFRINGENCE; POLARIZATION; THERMAL EFFECTS; THIN FILMS;

POLARIZATION MODE DISPERSION; THIN FILM MICROHEATERS;

OPTICAL FIBERS;

EID: 2442499267     PISSN: 07338724     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2004.825312     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. H. Kogelnik, R. M. Joson, and L. E. Nelson, Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV B San Diego, CA, 2002; ch. 15 pp. 725-861.
2. G. J. Foschini and C. D. Poole, "Statistical theory of polarization dispersion in single mode fibers," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 9, pp. 1439-1456, Nov. 1991.
3. G. J. Foschini, L. E. Nelson, R. M. Jopson, and H. Kogelnik, "Probability densities of second-order polarization mode dispersion including polarization dependent chromatic fiber dispersion," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 293-295, Mar. 2000.
4. C. H. Prola Jr., J. A. Pereira da Silva, A. O. Dal Forno, R. Passy, J. P. von der Weid, and N. Gisin, "PMD emulators and signal distortion in 2.48-Gb/s IM-DD lightwave systems," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 842-844, June 1997.
5. F. Bruyère, L. Pierre, J. P. Thiery, and B. Clesca, "Penalties induced by higher-order PMD at 10 Gbit/s in nondispersion-shifted fiber," in Tech. Dig. Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf., Feb. 1997, paper WC1.
6. J. N. Damask, G. J. Simer, K. B. Rochford, and P. R. Myers, "Demonstration of a programmable PMD source," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 296-298, Feb. 2003.
7. J. Damask, P. Myers, and T. Boschini, "Coherent PMD and programmable PMD generation," in Tech. Dig. Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf., Mar. 2003, paper ThA6.
8. L.-S. Yan, C. Yeh, G. Yang, L. Lin, Z. Chen, Y. Q. Shi, A. E. Steve Yao, "Programmable group delay module using binary polarization switching," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 21, pp. 1676-1684, July 2003.
9. L. Möller, J. H. Sinsky, S. Chandrasekhar, L. L. Buhl, S. X. Yao, C. Yeh, and Y. Shi, "A tunable interferometrically stable three-section higher-order PMD emulator," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 230-232, Feb. 2003.
10. P. B Phua and H. A. Haus, "Variable differential-group-delay module without second-order PMD," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 20, pp. 1788-1794, Sept. 2002.
11. M. Wegmuller, S. Demma, C. Vinegoni, and N. Gisin, "Emulator of first- and second-order polarization-mode dispersion," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 14, pp. 630-632, May 2002.
12. H. Kogelnik, L. E. Nelson, and J. P. Gordon, "Emulation and inversion of polarization-mode dispersion," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 21, pp. 482-495, Feb. 2003.
13. I. T. Lima, R. Khosvarani, P. Ebrahimi, E. Ibragimov, C. R. Menyuk, and A. E. Willner, "Comparison of polarization mode dispersion emulators," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 19, pp. 1872-1881, Dec. 2001.
14. R. Khosravani, I. T. Lima, P. Ebrahimi, E. Ibragimov, A. E. Willner, and C. R. Menyuk, "Time and frequency domain characteristics of polarization-mode dispersion emulators," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 127-129, Feb. 2001.
15. R. Noé, D. Sandel, M. Yoshida-Dierolf, S. Hinz, V. Mirvoda, A. Schöpflin, C. Glingener, E. Gottwald, C. Scheerer, G. Fischer, T. Weyrauch, and W. Haase, "Polarization mode dispersion compensation at 10, 20, and 40 Gb/s with various optical equalizers," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 17, pp. 1602-1616, Sept. 1999.
16. W. Shieh, "Accelerated outage probability testing for PMD induced impairment," Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 1364-1366, Oct. 2000.
17. M. Karlsson, and J. Brentel, "Autocorrelation function of the polarization-mode-dispersion vector," Opt. Lett., vol. 24, pp. 939-941, July 1999.
18. B. S. Marks, I. T. Lima, and C. R. Menuk, "Autocorrelation function for polarization mode dispersion emulators with rotators," Opt. Lett., vol. 27, pp. 1150-1152, July 2002.
19. T. Ito, "Thermal hysteresis of phase retardation in polarization maintaining fibers," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 12, pp. 1343-1347, Aug. 1994.
20. E. R. Lyons, and H. P. Lee, "An efficient electrically tunable all-fiber polarization controller," in Tech. Dig. Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf., Mar. 2001, paper WJ2.
21. B. L. Heffner, "Accurate, automated measurement of differential group delay dispersion and principal state variation using Jones matrix eigen-analysis," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 5, pp. 814-817, July 1993.
22. A. Djupsjöbacka, "On differential group-delay statistics for polarization-mode dispersion emulators," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 19, pp. 285-290, Feb. 2001.
23. L. Li, J. Geng, L. Zhao, G. Chen, Z. Fang, and C. F. Lam, "Response characteristics of thin-film-heated tunable fiber Bragg gratings," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 5, pp. 545-547, Apr. 2003.