Pedoarchaeology of Cactus Hill, a Sandy Paleoindian site in southeastern Virginia, U.S.A

Geoarchaeology

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 297-322

  Wagner, Daniel P ^a   McAvoy, Joseph M ^b  

^a Geo Sci Consultants Inc   (United States)

^b Nottoway River Survey   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGY; ARTIFACT; HOLOCENE; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; OCCUPATION; PLEISTOCENE; STRATIGRAPHY; SUBSOIL; TOPOGRAPHY;

CACTUS HILL; ISRAEL; ISRAELI COASTAL PLAIN; NOTTOWAY RIVER; UNITED STATES; VIRGINIA;

EID: 2442478592     PISSN: 08836353     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/gea.10120     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Anderson, D.G. (2001). Climate and culture change in prehistoric and early historic eastern North America. Archaeology of Eastern North America, 29, 143-186.
2. Berg, R.C. (1984). The origin and genesis of clay bands in youthful sandy soils along Lake Michigan, U.S.A. Geoderma, 32,45-62.
3. Blume, C.L (1995). Shifting sands: practicing cultural paleoecology in the James Branch watershed. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC.
4. Bond, W.J. (1986). Iluvial band formation in a laboratory column of sand. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 50,265-267.
5. Brewer, R., & Haldane, A.D. (1956). Preliminary experiments in the development of clay orientation in soils. Soil Science, 84, 301-309.
6. Carver, R.E., & Brook, G.A. (1989). Late Pleistocene paleowind directions, Atlantic Coastal Plain, U.S.A. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, 74, 205-216.
7. Daniels, R.B., Gamble, E.E., & Boul, S.W. (1969). Eolian sands associated with Coastal Plain river valleys-some problems in their age and source. Southeastern Geology, 11, 97- 110.
8. Denny, C.S., Owens, J.P., Sirkin, L.A., & Rubin, M. (1979). The Parsonsburg Sand in central Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland and Delaware, Professional Paper 1067. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey.
9. Dijkerman, J.C., Cline, M.G., & Olsen, G.W. (1967). Properties and genesis of textual lamellae. Soil Science, 104, 7-16.
10. Fletcher, C.H. (1987). Holocene sea level history and neotectonics of the United States Mid-Atlantic region: Applications and conections. Journal of Geology, 96, 323-337.
11. Folks, B.C., & Riecken, F.F. (1956). Physical and chemical properties of sonic Iowa soil profiles with clay-iron bands. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 20, 575-580.
12. Gee, G.W., & Bauer, J.W. (1986). Particle-size analysis. In A. Klute (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis Part I-Physical and mineralogical methods, 2nd edition (pp. 383-411), Book Series 5, No. 9. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America
13. Gile, L.H. (1979). Holocene soils in eolian sediments of Bailey County, Texas. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 43, 994-1003.
14. Hallsworth, E.G. (1963). An examination of some factors affecting the movement of clay in an artificial soil. Journal of Soil Science, 14, 360-371.
15. Hannah, P.R., & Zahner, R. (1970). Nonpedogenetic texture bands in outwash sands of Michigan: Their origin, and influence on tree growth. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 34, 134-136.
16. Holliday, V.T. (2001). Stratigraphy and geochronology of upper Quaternary eolian sands on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico, United States. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 113, 88-108.
17. Ivester, A.H., Leigh, D.S., & Godfrey-Smith, D.I. (2001). Chronology of inland dunes on the Coastal Plain of Georgia, USA Quaternary Research, 55, 293-302.
18. Johnson, D.L. (1993). Dynamic denudation evolution of tropical, subtropical and temperate landscapes with three tiered soils: Toward a general theory of landscape evolution. Quaternary International, 179 67-78.
19. Johnson, D.L. (2002). Darwin would be proud: Bioturbation, dynamic denudation, and the power of theory in science. Geoarchaeology: An International Journal, 17, 7-40.
20. Johnson, D.L., Watson-Stegner, D., Johnson, D.N., & Schaetzl, R.J. (1987). Proisotropic and panisotropic processes of pedoturbation. Soil Science, 143, 278-292.
21. Leigh, D.S. (1998). Evaluating artifact burial by eolian versus bioturbational processes, South Carolina Sand Hills, USA. Gcoarchaeology: An International Journal, 13, 309-330.
22. Leigh, D.S. (2001). Buried artifacts in sandy soils: Techniques for evaluating pedoturbation versus sedimentation. In P. Goldberg, V.T. Holliday, & C.R. Ferring (Eds.), Earth sciences and archaeology (pp. 269-295). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
23. Markewich, H.W., & Markewich, W. (1994). An overview of Pleistocene and Holocene inland dunes in Georgia and the Carolinas-morphology, distribution, age and paleoclimate, Bulletin 2069. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey.
24. McAvoy, J.M., & McAvoy, L.D. (1997). Archaeological investigations of site 44SX202, Cactus Hill, Sussex County Virginia, Research Report Series No. S. Richmond, VA: Virginia Department of Historic Resources.
25. McAvoy, J.M., Baker, J.C., Feathers, J.K., Hodges, R.L., MeWeeney, L.J., & Whyte, T.R. (2000). Summary of research at the Cactus Hill Archaeological Site, 44SX202, Sussex County, Virginia, Report for Grant 6345-98. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.
26. McAvoy, J.M., Feathers, J.K., Macphail, R.I., & Wagner, D.P. (2003). Verification of the age and integrity of the pre-Clovis occupation level at the Cactus Hill archaeological site, Status Report for Grant \ 7069-01. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.
27. McWeeny, L.J., & Kellogg, D.C. (2001). Early and middle Holocene climate changes and settlement patterns along the eastern coast of North America. Archaeology of Eastern North America, 29, 187-212.
28. Miles, R.J., & Franzmeier, D.P. (1981). A lithochronosequence of soils formed in dune sand. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 45, 362-367.
29. Mixon, R.B. (1985). Stratigraphic and geomorphic framework of uppermost Cenozoic deposits in the southern Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia and Maryland, Professional Paper 1067-G. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey.
30. Otvos, E.G., & Price, D.M. (2001). Late Quaternary inland dunes of southern Louisiana and arid climate phases in the Gulf Coast region. Quaternary Research, 55, 150-158.
31. Owens, J.P., & Denny, C.S. (1979). Sand dunes on the central Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland and Delaware, Professional Paper 1067-C. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey.
32. Perron, J.T. (1999). Micromorphology of the Cactus Hill site (44SX202), Sussex County, Virginia. Unpublished undergraduate thesis, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
33. Peteet, D.M., Vogel, J.S., Nelson, D.E., Southon, J.R., Nickmann, R.J., & Heusser, L.E. (1990). Younger Dryas Climatic reversal in northeastern USA? AMS ages for an old problem. Quaternary Research, 33, 219-230.
34. Rawling, J.E. (2000). A review of clay larnellae. Geomorphology, 35, 1-9.
35. Robinson, G.H., &. Rich, C.I. (1960). Characteristics of multiple yellowish-red hands common to certain soils in the southeastern United States. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 24, 226-230.
36. Schaetzl, R.J. (1992). Texture, mineralogy, and lamellae development in sandy sols in Michigan. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 56, 1568-1545.
37. Schaetzl, R.J. (2001). Morphologic evidence of lamellae forming directly from thin, clayey bedding planes in a dune. Geoderma, 99, 51-63.
38. Seramur, K.C., Cowan, E.A., Dylan, J.H., & Daniel, R.D. (2003). Interpreting site formation processes at a stratified archaeology site in a sand dune on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. In Abstracts, 2003 Annual Meeting of the Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference (p. 42). Virginia Beach, VA: Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference.
39. Soil Survey Staff. (1993). Soil survey manual (Revised Edition), USDA Handbook No. 18. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture.
40. Soil Survey Staff. (1999). Soil Taxonomy (2nd Edition), USDA Handbook No. 436. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture.
41. Soller, D.R. (1988). Geology and tectonic history of Lower Cape Fear River Valley, Southeastern North Carolina, Professional Paper 1466-A. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey.
42. Torrent, J., Nettleton, W.D., & Borst, G. (1980). Clay illuviation and lamellae formation in a psammentic haploxeralf in Southern California. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44, 363-367.
43. Virginia Division of Mineral Resources. (1993). Geologic map of Virginia (scale 1:500,000). Richmond, VA: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources.
44. Wagner, D.P. (2001). Pedoarehaeology of the Puncheon Run Site. In C. LeeDecker, J. Bedell, & R. Jacoby (Eds.), Archaeology of the Puncheon Run Site (Volume 2, Section A-1, pp. 1-84), Report to the Delaware Department of Transportation. Washington, DC: The Louis Berger Group.
45. Wagner, D.P., Foss, J.E., Darmody, R.G., Segovia, AN., & Miller, F.P. (1981). Soil age relationships in the Savannah River Valley in the Piedmont of Georgia and South Carolina Abstracts, 1981 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Agronomy (p. 207). Madison, WE American Society of Agronomy,
46. Watts, WA., & Stuiver, M. (1980). Late Wisconsinan climate of northern Florida and the origin of speciesrich deciduous forest. Science, 210, 325-327.
47. Wurman, E., Whiteside, E.P., & Mortland, M.M. (1959). Properties and genesis of finer textured subsoil bands in some sandy Michigan soils. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 23, 135-143.