Meeting reference responsibilities through library web sites

Reference Librarian

Volumn 35, Issue 74, 2001, Pages 91-101

  Adams, Michael ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

Evaluating web sites; Library newsletters; Library patrons; Library publicity; Marketing libraries; Reference questions; Reference sources; Search engines; Web design; Web directories; Web portals; Web searching; Web sites

Indexed keywords

EID: 24344469003     PISSN: 02763877     EISSN: 15411117     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J120v35n74_07     Document Type: Article

References (167)

1. Oder, Norman. 2000. “Web Estimated at Seven Million Sites,”. Library Journal, 125 15 Nov.: 16 18.
2. Caruso, Carol. 1997. “Before You Cite a Site,”. Educational Leadership, 55 Nov.: 24.
3. Ayres, Ed. 2000. “Blinded,”. World Watch, 13 Jan./Feb.: 3.
4. Stein, Gordon. 1993. Encyclopedia of Hoaxes, 72 – 76. Detroit: Gale Research. Although McGraw-Hill canceled publication of the book in 1972 and both Irving and his wife were convicted and served time in prison, the book was finally published as The Autobiography of Howard Hughes Santa Fe, NM: terrificbooks.com, 1999.
5. Ironically, a recent literary hoax also presented misleading historical information: The Hand that Signed the Paper, AustraliaSt. Leonards, N. S. W. Australia, Australia, Australia: Allen Unwin. by Helen Demidenko, purported to be a novel about an Australian student said to be loosely based on the editor's own family who discovers that her Ukrainian father and uncle were active participants in the Holocaust. The book won several Australian literary awards before it was discovered that Ukrainian “Helen Demidenko” was really Australian Helen Darville. Many writers condemned the book for being anti-Semitic and presenting a skewed version of history e.g., Darville approvingly presents the view that the Jews “got what they deserved,” claiming that the Jews had previously persecuted the Ukrainians and had caused the famine of the 1930s. See Robert Manne, The Culture of Forgetting: Helen Demidenko and the Holocaust Melbourne, Vic., Australia: Text Pub. Co., 1996, and Andrew Riemer, The Demidenko Debate St. Leonards, N. S. W., Australia: Allen Unwin, 1996.
6. George-Town [D. C.]: Printed for the Author by Green English, 1800.
7. Howard, Ronald W. 1984. “Mason Locke Weems,”. In Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. XXX: American Historians, 1607–1865, Edited by: Wilson, Clyde N. 333 – 340. Detroit: Gale Research.
8. vols, New York: D. Appleton and Company. 1900.
9. Schindler, Margaret Castle. 1937. “Fictitious Biography,”. American Historical Review, 42: 680 – 690. Allan Nevins, “The Case of the Cheating Documents: False Authority and the Problem of Surmise,” in Robin W. Winks, The Historian as Detective: Essays on Evidence New York: Harper Row, 1968, 192–212; Steven W. Sowards, “Historical Fabrications in Library Collections,” Collection Management 10, no. 3/4 1988: 81–88; and John Blythe Dobson, “The Spurious Articles in Appleton's Cyclopædia of American Biography-Some New Discoveries and Considerations,” Biography 16 1993: 388–408.
10. See Dobson's article cited above in note 9.
11. Nevins. 202.
12. vols, Scottsdale, PA: Published for the Greene County Historical Society by The Herald Press.
13. Middleton, Arthur Pierce and Adair, Douglass. 1947. “The Mystery of the Horn Papers,”. William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd ser., 4: 409 – 445. repr. as “The Case of the Men Who Weren't There: Problems of Local Pride” in The Historian as Detective: Essays on Evidence, 142–177.
14. Stein. Encyclopedia of Hoaxes 262 – 263.
15. London: Camden Pub. Co.
16. Billington, Ray Allen. 1971. “Monk, Maria,”. In Notable American Women 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary, Edited by: James, Edward T. Vol. II, 560 – 561. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. See Stein, Encyclopedia of Hoaxes, 224–226, and Ira M. Leonard and Robert D. Parmet, American Nativism, 1830–1860 New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1971, 57–59, 127–128.
17. Caplan, Marc. 1993. Hitler's Apologists: The Anti-Semitic Propaganda of Holocaust “Revisionism”, New York: Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith. Good introductions to Holocaust-denial are: Deborah E. Lipstadt, Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory New York: Free Press, 1993; Michael Shermer and Alex Grobman, Denying History: Who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and Why Do They Say It? Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000; Kenneth S. Stern, Holocaust Denial New York: American Jewish Committee, 1993; and Pierre Vidal-Naquet, Assassins of Memory: Essays on the Denial of the Holocaust, trans. Jeffrey Mehlman New York: Columbia University Press, 1992.
18. Torrance, CA: Institute for Historical Review.
19. App, Austin J. 1974. The Six Million Swindle: Blackmailing the German People for Hard Marks with Fabricated Corpses, Takoma Park, MD: Boniface Press.
20. Rassinier, Paul. 1978. Debunking the Genocide Myth, Torrance, CA: Institute for Historical Review. Reprinted as The Holocaust Story and the Lies of Ulysses.
21. Staglich, Wilhelm. 1986. The Auschwitz Myth: A Judge Looks at the Evidence, Edited by: Francis, Thomas. Torrance, CA: Institute for Historical Review.
22. Hoffman, Michael A. II. 1989. Tales of the Holohoax, Vol. 1, Temecula, CA: Wiswell/Ruffin House. no. 1 art by A. W. Mann.
23. Faurisson, Robert. 1980. Memoire en defense contre ceux qui m'accusent de falsifier l'histoire: La question des chambres a gaz, Paris: La Vieille Taupe.
24. Drobnicki, John A., Goldman, Carol R., Knight, Trina R. and Thomas, Johanna V. 1995. “Holocaust-Denial Literature in Public Libraries: An Investigation of Public Librarians' Attitudes Regarding Acquisi tion and Access,”. Public Access Services Quarterly, 1: 5 – 40. Stephen L. Hupp, “Collecting Extremist Political Materials: The Example of Holocaust Denial Publications,” Collection Management 14, no. 3/4 1991: 163–173; Suzanne M. Stauffer, “Selected Issues in Holocaust Denial Literature and Reference Work,” The Ref erence Librarian, no. 61–62 1998: 189–193; and Kathleen Nietzke Wolkoff, “The Problemof Holocaust Denial Literature in Libraries,” Library Trends 45 1996: 87–96, For more information on this subject, see.
25. Janeway, Carol Brown, ed. 1996. New York: Schocken Books.
26. Goodman, Walter. 1999. “Trying to Find What is Real in the Past of an Enigma,”. New York Times, 29 Dec.: E5 available online at Catherine Lockerbie, “Holocaust Book Withdrawn as Questions Mount Over its Truth,” The Scotsman, 12 Nov. 1999, p. 9; “Publisher Drops Holocaust Book,” New York Times, 3 Nov. 1999, p. E4.
27. Gerdes, Dick, ed. 1999. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
28. Freed, Kenneth. 6 Sept. 1998. “Holocaust Book Tied Up by Threat of Litigation,”. In Omaha World-Herald 6 Sept., 1A.
29. Early, Gerald. 1995. “Understanding Afrocentrism: Why Blacks Dream of a World Without Whites,”. Civilization: The Magazine of the Library of Congress, 2 July/Aug.: 32.
30. Stolen Legacy: Greek Philosophy is Stolen Egyptian Philosophy, Newport News, VA: United Brothers Communications Systems. New York: Philosophical Library, 1954. Later editions have a different subtitle.
31. Jackson, John G. 1994. Ethiopia and the Origin of Civilization: A Critical Review of the Evidence of Archaeology, Anthropology, History and Comparative Religion, According to the Most Reliable Sources and Authorities New York: Blyden Society, 1939, quoted in Michael Shermer, comp., “Afrocentric Pseudoscience Pseudo-history,”. Skeptic, 2 4: 71 For a good brief summary of Afrocentric arguments, see Mary R. Lefkowitz, “Ancient History, Modern Myths,” in Mary R. Lefkowitz and Guy MacLean Rogers, eds., Black Athena Revisited Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996, 3–23.
32. Bernal, Martin. 1987. Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, 2 vols, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Owned by over 1,300 libraries, according to OCLC 1991.
33. Asante, Molefi Kete. 1980. Afrocentricity, the Theory of Social Change, new rev. ed., Buffalo, NY: Amulefi Pub. Co. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1988. Owned by over 700 libraries, according to OCLC.
34. Diop, Cheikh Anta. 1974. The African Origin of Civilization: Myth or Reality, Edited by: Cook, Mercer. New York: L. Hill. owned by over 1,000 libraries, according to OCLC. Cheikh Anta Diop, Civilization or Barbarism: An Authentic Anthropology, trans. Yaa-Lengi Meema Ngemi, ed. Harold J. Salemson and Marjolijn de Jager Brooklyn: Lawrence Hill Books, 1991. Owned by over 700 libraries, according to OCLC.
35. Williams, Chancellor. 1971. The Destruction of Black Civilization: Great Issues of a Race from 4500 B. C. to 2000 A. D., 3rd ed., Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co. Chicago: Third World Press, 1987. Owned by over 1,000 libraries, according to OCLC.
36. Ben-Jochannan, Yosef. 1970. Black Man of the Nile: Contributions to European Civilization and Thought, New York: Alkebu-Lan Books. The revised and enlarged edition is Black Man of the Nile and His Family: African Foundations of European Civilization and Thought New York: Alkebu-Lan Books, 1972. Owned by approximately 350 libraries, according to OCLC.
37. Among the many works criticizing Afrocentrist writings are Mary Lefkowitz. 1996. Not Out of Africa: How Afrocentrism Became an Excuse to Teach Myth as History, New York: BasicBooks. Mary R. Lefkowitz and Guy MacLean Rogers, eds., Black Athena Revisited Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996; John J. Miller, ed., Alternatives to Afrocentrism Washington, DC: Center for the New American Community, Manhattan Institute, 1994; and Stephen Howe, Afrocentrism: Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes London: Verso, 1998.
38. Nesta, Fred and Blanke, Henry. 1991. “Warning: Propaganda!”. Library Journal, 116 15 May: 41 – 43. and Louise S. Robbins, “Segregating Propaganda in American Libraries: Ralph Ulveling Confronts the Intellectual Freedom Committee,” Library Quarterly 63 1993: 143–165.
39. Pendergrast, Mark. 1988. “In Praise of Labeling; or, When Shalt Thou Break Commandments?”. Library Journal, 113 1 June: 83 – 85.
40. American Library Association, Office of Intellectual Freedom. “Statement on Labeling: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights.
41. Caruso. 25.
42. American Library Association, Intellectual Freedom Committee. July 1 1997. “Statement on Internet Filtering,” July 1, Available online at and American Library Association.
43. The American Library Association maintains a page of links to relevant court decisions on filtering on their website.
44. Center for Media Education. 1999. Youth Access to Alcohol and Tobacco Web Marketing: The Filtering and Rating Debate, 11 Washington, DC: Center for Media Education. available online.
45. Filters Falter,”. In Pressure Point: Newsletter of the Intellectual Freedom Round Table of the New York Library Association Vol. 16, 10 Fall.
46. Filter Contest Winners Named,”. Library Journal, 125 1 Nov.: 20.
47. Greene, Teri. 2000. “Don't Believe Those Wild Net Rumors,”. USA Today, 7 Aug. available online.
48. All accessed 18 Aug. 2000.
49. Floridi, Luciano. 1996. “Brave.Net.World: The Internet as a Disinformation Superhighway?”. Electronic Library, 14: 509 – 514.
50. Fitzgerald, Mary Ann. 1997. “Misinformation on the Internet: Applying Evaluation Skills to Online Information,”. Emergency Librarian, 24 Jan.-Feb.: 9 – 14.
51. Calvert, Philip J. 1999. “Web-Based Misinformation in the Context of Higher Education,”. Asian Libraries, 8: 61 – 69.
52. Scholz-Crane, Ann. 1998. “Evaluating the Future: A Preliminary Study of the Process of How Undergraduate Students Evaluate Web Sources,”. Reference Services Review, 26: 53 – 60. Fall/Winter.
53. Connell, Tschera Harkness and Tipple, Jennifer E. 1999. “Testing the Accuracy of Information on the World Wide Web Using the AltaVista Search Engine,”. Reference User Services Quarterly, 38: 360 – 368.
54. Humphries, LaJean. 2000. “Teaching Users to Evaluate Internet Sites: Sources on Sources,”. Searcher, 8 May: 69.
55. Humphries, LaJean. 2000. “Teaching Users to Evaluate Internet Sites: Sources on Sources,”. Searcher, 8 May: 69.
56. Cooke, Alison. 1999. Neal-Schuman Authoritative Guide to Evaluating Information on the Internet, New York: Neal-Schuman. Mary Ann Fitzgerald, “Misinformation on the Internet: Applying Evaluation Skills to Online Information,” Emergency Librarian 24 Jan.-Feb. 1997: 9–14; Donald T. Hawkins, “What is Credible Information?” Online 23 Sept./Oct. 1999: 86–89.
57. Hawkins. 89.
58. Rodan, Garry. 1998. “The Internet and Political Control in Singapore,”. Political Science Quarterly, 113: 63 – 89. For an interesting study of Internet dynamics and political control in a quasi-authoritarian society, Spring.
59. Williams, Carol J. 2000. “Cyber-Hate Panelists Duel Over Line Between Free Speech, Racism: Germany,”. Los Angeles Times, 27 June: 8 and Mylene Mangalindan and Kevin Delaney, “Yahoo! Ordered to Bar the French From Nazi Items,” Wall Street Journal, 21 Nov. 2000, p. B1.
60. Public-Access Computer Systems Review, 8 3.
61. Alexander, Janet E. and Tate, Marsha Ann. 1999. Web Wisdom: How to Evaluate and Create Information Quality on the Web, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
62. About the Virtual Library.
63. Piper, Paul S. 2000. “Better Read That Again: Web Hoaxes and Misinformation,”. Searcher, 8 Sept.: 40 – 49.
64. Suall, Irwin and Lowe, David. The 1989 IHR Conference White-Washing Genocide “Scientifically”. pp. 1 New York: ADL. n.d., Alison B. Carb and Alan M. Schwartz, Holocaust “Revisionism”: A Denial of History-An Update New York: ADL, 1986, 13–14.
65. Schwartz, Alan M., ed. 1994. Embattled Bigots: A Split in the Ranks of the Holocaust Denial Movement, New York: ADL.
66. Shermer and Grobman. 79.
67. Willis A. Carto: Fabricating History,” available online at [Accessed 12 June 2000.
68. Institute for Historical Review: Outlet for Denial Propaganda.
69. Liberty Lobby, Inc., v. Dow Jones Company, Inc. et al.” 838 F.2d 1287.
70. Ingrid Rimland: Co-webmaster of the Zundelsite,” available online from HateWatch.
71. Ernst Zundel, Co-webmaster of The Zundelsite,” available online from Hate-Watch at [Accessed 12 June.
72. Lipstadt. 159 – 160. Stern, 46–47; Judith Bolton, Holocaust “Revisionism”: Reinventing the Big Lie New York: ADL, 1989.
73. Miele, Frank. 1994. “Giving the Devil His Due: Holocaust Revisionism as a Test Case for Free Speech and the Skeptical Ethic,”. Skeptic, 2 4: 58 – 70.
74. Prideaux. 36 available online at [Accessed 22 June 2000.
75. Smith, Roger. 1999. “Denials of the Armenian Genocide,”. In Encyclopedia of Genocide, Edited by: Charny, Israel W. Vol. I, 162 Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
76. Smith, Roger W., Markusen, Erik and Lifton, Robert Jay. 1995. “Professional Ethics and the Denial of Armenian Genocide.
77. Balakian, Peter. “Combatting Denials of the Armenian Genocide in Academia,”. In Encyclopedia of Genocide Vol. I, 163.
78. For facsimiles of the memoranda, see the article by Smith et al. cited above in note 76.
79. Gumbel, Andrew. 8 Mar. 1994. “Briton Sued for Genocide Denial,”. In Guardian 8 Mar., 13 Patrick Marnham, “Sued Over a History Lesson,” Evening Standard, 23 May 1995, p. 28; “Professor Bernard Lewis Found Guilty of Denial of Armenian Genocide,” in Encyclopedia of Genocide, Vol. I, 177.
80. Hovannisian, Richard G., ed. 1986. The Armenian Genocide in Perspective, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
81. Miller, Donald E. and Miller, Lorna Touryan. 1993. Survivors: An Oral History of the Armenian Genocide, Berkeley: University of California Press.
82. Dadrian, Vahakn N. 1995. The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus, Providence, RI: Berghahn Books. see also Vahakn N. Dadrian, Warrant for Genocide: Key Elements of Turko-Ar-menian Conflict New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1998, and Vahakn N. Dadrian, The Key Elements in the Turkish Denial of the Armenian Genocide: A Case Study of Distortion and Falsification Toronto: Zoryan Institute, 1999.
83. Ara Sarafian, comp. 1993. United States Official Documents on the Armenian Genocide, 3 vols, Watertown, MA: Armenian Review. 1995.
84. Melson, Robert F. 1996. “The Armenian Genocide as Precursor and Prototype of Twentieth-Century Genocide,”. In Is the Holocaust Unique? Perspectives on Comparative Genocide, Edited by: Rosenbaum, Alan S. 89 – 90. Boulder: Westview Press.
85. Accessed 18 Aug. 2000.
86. Accessed 13 Nov.
87. United States. Commission on the Ukraine Famine. Investigation of the Ukrainian Famine 1932–1933: Report to Congress. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. See also James E. Mace and Leonid Heretz, eds., Investigation of the Ukrainian Famine, 1932–1933: Oral History Project of the Commission on the Ukraine Famine Washington, DC: GPO, 3 vols., 1990.
88. Tottle, Douglas. 1987. Fraud, Famine and Fascism: The Ukrainian Genocide Myth from Hitler to Harvard, Toronto: Progress Books. A search of OCLC's Worldcat shows that Progress Books is a publisher of many Communist- and Socialist-oriented materials.
89. Conquest, Robert. 1986. The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine, New York: Oxford University Press. see also his letter to the editor, Slavic Review Spring, 1992 51, 192–193.
90. Conquest, Robert. 1994. Letter to the Editor. Slavic Review, 53: 318 Spring.
91. Tauger, Mark B. 1991. “The 1932 Harvest and the Famine of 1933,”. Slavic Review, 50: 70 – 89. Spring; see also Tauger's replies to two letters to the editor by Robert Conquest, in Slavic Review 51 Spring 1992: 193–194, and Slavic Review 53 Spring 1994: 319.
92. Davies, R. W., Tauger, M. B. and Wheatcroft, S. G. 1995. “Stalin, Grain Stocks and the Famine of 1932–1933,”. Slavic Review, 54: 642 – 657. Fall.
93. Green, Barbara B. “Stalinist Terror and the Question of Genocide: The Great Famine,”. In Is the Holocaust Unique? 137 – 161.
94. Toronto. 1984. The Institute Ont.
95. Sakurai, Joji. 12 June 1998. “Revisionist Japanese Academics Contest Best Seller ‘Rape of Nanking,’” 12 June, Associated Press wire article.
96. Kishimoto, Masato. 1998. “Japanese Envoy Denounces Book on Nanking Massacre,”. Mainichi Daily News, 23 Apr.
97. Suzuki, Akira. 1973. Nankin daigyakusatsu no maboroshi, revised ed., Tokyo: Bungei Shunju. published as Shin “Nankin daigyakusatsu” no maboroshi Tokyo: Asuka Shinsha, 1999; see also Michael Hoffman, “Wartime History in the Pen of the Author,” Mainichi Daily News, 15 July 1999.
98. Accessed 7 Sept. 2000.
99. Accessed 7 Sept. 2000.
100. Yin, James and Young, Shi. 1997. The Rape of Nanking: An Undeniable History in Photographs, 2nd ed., Chicago: Innovative Publishing Group.
101. Wickert, Erwin. 1998. The Good German of Nanking: The Diaries of John Rabe, Edited by: Woods, John E. London: Little, Brown and Company.
102. Li, Peter. 2000. “The Nanking Holocaust: Tragedy, Trauma and Reconciliation,”. Society, 37 Jan./Feb.: 57.
103. Kingston, Jeff. 1999. “Yes, There Was a Nanjing Massacre,”. Japan Times, 18 Aug.
104. Efron, Sonni. 1999. “War Again is Raging Over Japan's Role in ‘Nanking,’”. Los Angeles Times, 6 June: A32.
105. Efron, Sonni. 1999. “War Again is Raging Over Japan's Role in ‘Nanking,’”. Los Angeles Times, 6 June: A32.
106. Efron, Sonni. 1999. “War Again is Raging Over Japan's Role in ‘Nanking,’”. Los Angeles Times, 6 June: A32.
107. Efron, Sonni. 1999. “War Again is Raging Over Japan's Role in ‘Nanking,’”. Los Angeles Times, 6 June: A32.
108. Efron, Sonni. 1999. “War Again is Raging Over Japan's Role in ‘Nanking,’”. Los Angeles Times, 6 June: A32.
109. Curtin, Philip D. 1969. The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census, 5 Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. available online at [Accessed 13 Sept. 2000] Although there is debate among scholars over the size of the slave trade to the Americas, there is no dispute that it reached its peak in the eighteenth century, when Jewish participation was minimal, Table 1 for the numbers of slaves per century shipped to the Americas; for participation of Jews in the Atlantic slave trade see.
110. Curtin, Philip D. 1969. The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census, 5 Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. available online at [Accessed 13 Sept. 2000] Although there is debate among scholars over the size of the slave trade to the Americas, there is no dispute that it reached its peak in the eighteenth century, when Jewish participation was minimal, Table 1 for the numbers of slaves per century shipped to the Americas; for participation of Jews in the Atlantic slave trade see.
111. Curtin, Philip D. 1969. The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census, 5 Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. available online at [Accessed 13 Sept. 2000] Although there is debate among scholars over the size of the slave trade to the Americas, there is no dispute that it reached its peak in the eighteenth century, when Jewish participation was minimal, Table 1 for the numbers of slaves per century shipped to the Americas; for participation of Jews in the Atlantic slave trade see.
112. Curtin, Philip D. 1969. The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census, 5 Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. available online at [Accessed 13 Sept. 2000] Although there is debate among scholars over the size of the slave trade to the Americas, there is no dispute that it reached its peak in the eighteenth century, when Jewish participation was minimal, Table 1 for the numbers of slaves per century shipped to the Americas; for participation of Jews in the Atlantic slave trade see.
113. Cohen, Richard. 11 Feb. 1994. “Farrakhan 101 at Wellesley,”. In Washington Post 11 Feb., A25.
114. Streitfeld, David. 15 Feb 1995. “Experts Say Few Jews Held Slaves: Claims of Larger Role Labeled Antisemitic,”. In Washington Post 15 Feb, D1.
115. Davis, David Brion. 22 Dec. 1994. “The Slave Trade and the Jews,”. In New York Review of Books 22 Dec., 14 – 16.
116. Drescher, Seymour. 1993. “The Role of Jews in the Transatlantic Slave Trade,”. Immigrants and Minorities, 12 July: 113 – 125.
117. several online articles [Accessed 13 Sept. 2000.
118. Caplan, Marc. 1994. Jew-Hatred as History: An Analysis of the Nation of Islam.
119. Brackman, Harold. 1994. Ministry of Lies: The Truth Behind the Nation of Islam's “The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews”, New York: Four Walls Eight Windows.
120. Friedman, Saul S. 1998. Jews and the American Slave Trade, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
121. Accessed 10 Oct. 2000]. According to WHOIS, the site is registered to Everton Elliott.
122. Great African Kings,” “Great African Queens.
123. Ancient Black Inventors,” [Accessed 10 Oct. 2000.
124. Kane, Joseph Nathan, Anzovin, Steven and Podell, Janet. 1997. Famous First Facts, New York: H. W. Wilson.
125. Kane, Joseph Nathan, Anzovin, Steven and Podell, Janet. 1997. Famous First Facts, 296 New York: H. W. Wilson. entry no. 4402.
126. Gibbs, C. R. 1995. Black Inventors From Africa to America: Two Million Years of Invention and Innovation, Silver Spring, MD: Three Dimensional Pub.
127. Gibbs, C. R. 1995. Black Inventors From Africa to America: Two Million Years of Invention and Innovation, 178 Silver Spring, MD: Three Dimensional Pub.
128. Famous First Facts 607 entry no. 7916.
129. Famous First Facts 97 entry no. 2103.
130. Famous First Facts 292 entry no. 4345.
131. Snowden, Frank M. Jr. 1996. “Bernal's ‘Blacks’ and the Afrocentrists,”. In Black Athena Revisited, Edited by: Lefkowitz, Mary R. and Rogers, Guy MacLean. 112 – 128. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
132. Yurco, Frank J. 1989. “Were the Ancient Egyptians ‘Black’ or ‘White’?”. Biblical Archaeology Review, 15 Sept.-Oct.: 25 – 29. 58.
133. June 9 2000. “King Family Statement on the Justice Department ‘Limited Investigation’ on the MLK Assassination.
134. Douglass, Jim. 2000. “The Martin Luther King Conspiracy Exposed in Memphis.
135. Accessed 1 Oct. 2000.
136. Posner, Gerald. 1998. Killing the Dream, New York: Random House. repr. San Diego: Harcourt, Brace, Co., 1998, 19–20, footnote 3 page reference is to reprint edition.
137. Posner, Gerald. 1998. Killing the Dream, 24 – 25. New York: Random House. unnumbered footnote.
138. Justice Department: King Assassination Was Not a Conspiracy. Report Follows 18-Month Investigation.
139. Katz, Frances. 1998. “Bogus Newspaper Web Sites Linked to Supremacist Page,”. Atlanta Journal and Constitution, 10 Oct.: 2E.
140. Schleifer, Yigal. 2000. “Taming the Wild Web,”. Jerusalem Report, 31 Jan.: 36 Mark Ward, “Anti-Fascists Buy Internet ‘Hate’ Names,” Daily Telegraph, 20 Dec. 1999, p. 7.
141. Accessed 30 Nov. 2000.
142. WIPO Rules Against Cyber-Squatting,” available online at [Accessed 30 Nov. 2000.
143. Piper. 43.
144. Accessed 6 Oct. 2000.
145. Quart, Alissa. 2000. “Cultural Sabotage Waged in Cyberspace,”. New York Times, 17 Aug.: 10.
146. available online at [Accessed 7 Oct. 2000] Gatt.org press release, 1 Dec. 1999.
147. Accessed 4 Dec. 2000] [Both accessed 4 Dec. 2000]. Also, consult the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
148. Hubbard, Lee. 2000. “Dissing the King,”. Salon, 24 Jan.
149. Associated Press. 1991. “Boston U. Panel Finds Plagiarism by Dr. King,”. New York Times, 11 Oct.: A15.
150. Hubbard.
151. King, Ralph T. Jr. and Fraser, Andrew. 2000. “Hackers Post Phony Merger, Duping Traders,”. Wall Street Journal, 18 Feb.: C1 and Josh Meyer, “Investor Indicted in Emulex Stock Market Hoax,” Los Angeles Times, 29 Sept. 2000, p. 1.
152. Accessed 30 Sept. 2000.
153. McCartney, Jim. 17 Sept. 2000. “Firms Buy Disparaging Addresses for Protection,”. In Houston Chronicle 17 Sept., 4.
154. Aug. 2000. “Hacking and Hate: Virtual Attacks with Real Consequences,” 14 Aug., available online at [Accessed 8 Dec. 2000.
155. Ladd, Donna. 2000. “Living in Terror: Targets of Racist Web Sites Find Nowhere to Hide,”. Village Voice, 17.
156. Accessed 13 June 2000.
157. Velikovsky, Immanuel. 1950. Worlds in Collision, New York: Macmillan. After protests and threats of a boycott from some in the scientific community, Macmillan withdrew the book and it was published by its then- subsidiary, Doubleday.
158. Ages in Chaos, 5 vols, Garden City, NY: Doubleday. -Vol. I: From the Exodus to King Akhnaton; Vol. II: The Dark Age of Greece; Vol. III: The Assyrian Conquest; Vol. IV: Ramses II and His Time; Vol. V: Peoples of the Sea; and his Earth in Upheaval Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1955 See also his 1977.
159. Bauer, Henry H. 1984. Beyond Velikovsky: The History of a Public Controversy, 67 Ur-bana: University of Illinois Press.
160. Asimov, Isaac. Oct. 1969. “Worlds in Confusion,”. In Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction Oct., 51 quoted in Bauer.
161. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
162. Sagan, Carl. 1979. Boca's Brain, 99 New York: Random House.
163. Skeptic, 3 4: 49 – 51. First published in.
164. Mewhinney, Sean. “Tree Rings,” available.
165. The text of Sachs' 1965 speech, along with information regarding Velikovsky.
166. Scilken, Marvin. publisher of The U*N*A*B*A*S*H*E*D Librarian, used to distribute stickers which he advocated placing on old reference books that stated in capital letters, “Caution: Information in this book may be out of date. Ask a Librarian.” Copy of sticker in possession of John A. Drobnicki.
167. Accessed 14 Dec. 2000] and a brief summary fact sheet is at A recent random telephone survey of 3,097 adults conducted by the Urban Libraries Council found that 75.2% of Internet users also used the library, and that 60.3% of library users also used the Internet. For those respondents who reported using both the library and the Internet, libraries received higher ratings for among other characteristics accuracy of information: In response to the statement “I trust information to be accurate”-on a scale of 1 very strongly disagree to 10 very strongly agree-li-brary use received a mean score of 8.5, while Internet use received a mean score of 7.3.