Reasoning, emotions, and delusional conviction in psychosis

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

Volumn 114, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 373-384

  Garety, Philippa A ^a   Freeman, Daniel ^a   Jolley, Suzanne ^a   Bebbington, Paul E ^b,f   Kuipers, Elizabeth ^a   Dunn, Graham ^c   Fowler, David G ^d,g   Dudley, Robert ^e  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

^e NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^f ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^g UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Delusions; Psychosis; Reasoning; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; DELUSION; DELUSIONAL CONVICTION; DISEASE SEVERITY; EMOTION; EXPERIENCE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PSYCHOSIS; REASONING; RISK FACTOR; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SYMPTOM; THINKING; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 24144445846     PISSN: 0021843X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0021-843X.114.3.373     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Ammons, R. B., & Ammons, C. H. (1962). Quick Test. Missoula, MT: Psychological Test Specialists.
2. Baron, R., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
3. Barrowclough, C., Tarrier, N., Humphreys, L., Ward, J., & Gregg, L., & Andrews, B. (2003). Self-esteem in schizophrenia: Relationships between self-evaluation, family attitudes, and symptomatology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 92-99.
4. Basso, M. R., Nasrallah, H., Olson, S. C., & Bornstein, R. A. (1998). Neuropsychological correlates of negative, disorganized and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 31, 99-111.
5. Bebbington, P. E., & Kuipers, E. (1994). The predictive utility of expressed emotion in schizophrenia: An aggregate analysis. Psychological Medicine, 24, 707-718.
6. Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893-897.
7. Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.
8. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). BDI-II manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
9. Benson, D. F., & Struss, D. T. (1990). Frontal lobe influences on delusions: A clinical perspective. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 16, 403-411.
10. Bentall, R. P., Corcoran, R., Howard, R., Blackwood, N., & Kinderman, P. (2001). Persecutory delusions: A review and theoretical interpretation. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 1143-1192.
11. Bentall, R. P., Kinderman, P., & Kaney, S. (1994). The self, attributional processes and abnormal beliefs: Towards a model of persecutory delusions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 331-341.
12. Birchwood, M. (2003). Pathways to emotional dysfunction in first episode psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, 373-375.
13. Brett-Jones, J., Garety, P., & Hemsley, D. (1987). Measuring delusional experiences: A method and its application. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26, 257-265.
14. Broome, M., Brett, C., Johns, L. C., Wooley, J., Peters, E. R., Garety, P. A., et al. (2003). Reasoning styles and delusions in early psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 60, 12.
15. Cameron, N. (1951). Perceptual organisation and behaviour pathology. In R. R. Blake & G. V. Ramsey (Eds.), Perception: An approach to personality (pp. 283-306). New York: Ronald Press.
16. Chadwick, P. D., Birchwood, M. J., & Trower, P. (1996). Cognitive therapy for delusions, voices and paranoia. Chichester: Wiley.
17. Chadwick, P. D., & Lowe, C. F. (1990). Measurement and modification of delusional beliefs. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 225-232.
18. Colbert, S. M., & Peters, E. R. (2002). Need for closure and jumping to conclusions in delusion-prone individuals. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 170, 27-31.
19. Conway, C. R., Bollini, A. M., Graham, B. G., Keefe, R. S. E., Schiffman, S. S., & McEvoy, J. P. (2002). Sensory acuity and reasoning in delusional disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 43, 175-178.
20. Dudley, R. E. J., John, C. H., Young, A. W., & Over, D. E. (1997a). The effect of self-referent material on the reasoning of people with delusions. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 575-584.
21. Dudley, R. E. J., John, C. H., Young, A. W., & Over, D. E. (1997b). Normal and abnormal reasoning in people with delusions. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 243-258.
22. Dunn, G. (2000). Statistics in psychiatry. London: Arnold.
23. Evans, J. St. B. T., & Over, D. E. (1996). Rationality and reasoning. Hove, England: Psychology Press.
24. Fischhoff, B., & Beyth-Marom, R. (1983). Hypothesis evaluation from a Bayesian perspective. Psychological Review, 90, 239-260.
25. Fowler, D., Garety, P. A., & Kuipers, L. (1995). Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis: Theory and practice. Chichester: Wiley.
26. Freeman, D., & Garety, P. A. (2003). Connecting neurosis and psychosis: The direct influence of emotion on delusions and hallucinations. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 923-947.
27. Freeman, D., Garety, P. A., Fowler, D., Kuipers, E., Bebbington, P. E., & Dunn, G. (2004). Why do people with delusions fail to choose more realistic explanations for their experiences? An empirical investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 671-680.
28. Freeman, D., Garety, P. A., & Kuipers, E. (2001). Persecutory delusions: Developing the understanding of belief maintenance and emotional distress. Psychological Medicine, 31, 1293-1306.
29. Frith, C. D., & Corcoran, R. (1996). Exploring "theory of mind" in people with schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 26, 521-530.
30. Garety, P. A., Fowler, D., Kuipers, E., Freeman, D., Dunn, G., Bebbington, P. E., et al. (1997). The London-East Anglia Randomised Controlled Trial of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychosis II: Predictors of outcome. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 420-426.
31. Garety, P. A., & Freeman, D. (1999). Cognitive approaches to delusions: A critical review of theories and evidence. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 113-154.
32. Garety, P. A., & Hemsley, D. R. (1987). Characteristics of delusional experience. European Archives of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 236, 294-298.
33. Garety, P. A., & Hemsley, D. R. (1994). Delusions: Investigations into the psychology of delusional reasoning. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
34. Garety, P. A., Hemsley, D. R., & Wessely, S. (1991). Reasoning in deluded schizophrenic and paranoid patients: Biases in performance on a probabilistic inference task. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179, 194-201.
35. Garety, P. A., Kuipers, E., Fowler, D., Freeman, D., & Bebbington, P. E. (2001). A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis. Psychological Medicine, 31, 189-195.
36. Gray, J. A., Feldon, J., Rawlins, J. P. N., Hemsley, D. R., & Smith, A. D. (1991). The neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 14, 1-20.
37. Haddock, G., McCarron, J., Tarder, N., & Faragher, E. B. (1999). Scales to measure dimensions of hallucinations and delusions: The psychotic symptom rating scales (PSYRATS). Psychological Medicine, 29, 879-889.
38. Harrow, M., Rattenbury, F., & Stoll, F. (1988). Schizophrenic delusions: An analysis of their persistence, of related premorbid ideas, and of three major dimensions. In T. E. Oltmanns & B. A. Maher (Eds.), Delusional beliefs (pp. 184-211). New York: Wiley.
39. Hemsley, D. R. (1988). Information processing and schizophrenia. In E. Straube & K. Hahlweg (Eds.), The schizophrenia: Concepts, vulnerability and intervention (pp. 59-76). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
40. Hum, C., Gray, N. S., & Hughes, I. (2002). Independence of "reaction to hypothetical contradiction" from other measures of delusional ideation. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 349-360.
41. Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1982). Thinking as a skill. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 34A, 1-29.
42. Kapur, S. (2003). Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: A framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 13-23.
43. Kay, S. R. (1991). Positive and negative syndromes in schizophrenia: Assessment and research. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
44. Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13, 261-276.
45. Kendler, K. S., Glazer, W. M., & Morgenstern, H. (1983). Dimensions of delusional experience. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 466-469.
46. Key, F. A., Craske, M. G., & Reno, R. M. (2003). Anxiety-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for paranoid beliefs. Behavior Therapy, 34, 97-115.
47. Kingdon, D. G., & Turkington, D. (1994). Cognitive behaviour therapy of schizophrenia. Hove, England: Erlbaum.
48. Kruglanski, A. W., Webster, D. M., & Klem, A. (1993). Motivated resistance and openness to persuasion in the presence or absence of prior information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 861-876.
49. Lysaker, P. H., Lancaster, R. S., Nees, M. A., & Davis, L. W. (2003). Neuroticism and visual memory impairments as predictors of the severity of delusions in schizophrenia. Psychiatric Research, 119, 287-292.
50. Maher, B. A. (1988). Anomalous experience and delusional thinking: The logic of explanations. In T. F. Oltmanns & B. A. Maher (Eds.), Delusional beliefs (pp. 15-33). New York: Wiley.
51. McGuire, L., Junginger, J., Adams, S. G., Jr., Burright, R., & Donovick, P. (2001). Delusions and delusional reasoning. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 259-266.
52. Menon, M., Pomarol-Clotet, E., McCarthy, R. A., & McKenna, P. J. (2002). Probabilistic reasoning bias is a function of having schizophrenia, not of being deluded. Schizophrenia Research, 53(Suppl.), 133.
53. Moritz, S. & Woodward, T. S. (2005). Jumping to conclusions in delusional and nondelusional schizophrenic patients. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 193-208.
54. Morrison, A. P. (1998). Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. In N. Tarrier, A. Wells, & G. Haddock (Eds.), Treating complex cases: The cognitive behavioural therapy approach (pp. 195-216). Chichester, England: Wiley.
55. Mortimer, A. M., Bentham, P., McKay, A. P., Quemada, I., Clare, L., Eastwood, N., et al. (1996). Delusions in schizophrenia: A phenomenological and psychological exploration. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 1, 289-303.
56. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. (2002). Schizophrenia guidelines. London, England: Author. Retrieved January 5, 2003 from www .nice.org.uk/clinicalguidelines/schizophrenia.
57. Peters, E., Day, S., & Garety, P. (1999). A longitudinal study of cognitive abnormalities in delusions at different levels of information processing. Schizophrenia Research, 36, 180.
58. Peterson, C., Semmel, A., Von Baeyer, C., Abramson, L., Metalsky, G. I., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1982). The Attributional Style Questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 3, 287-300.
59. Pilling, S., Bebbington, P., Kuipers, E., Garety, P., Geddes, J., Orbach, G., et al. (2002). Psychological treatments in schizophrenia: I. Meta-analysis of family intervention and cognitive behaviour therapy. Psychological Medicine, 32, 763-782.
60. Rector, N. A., & Beck, A. T. (2001). Cognitive behavioral therapy for schizophrenia: An empirical review. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189, 278-287.
61. Sharp, H. M., Fear, C. F., Williams, M. G., Healy, D., Lowe, C. F., Yeadon, H., et al. (1996). Delusional phenomenology - Dimensions of change. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 34, 123-142.
62. SPSS. (2001). SPSS Base 11 user's guide. Chicago: Author.
63. StataCorp. (2002). Stata Statistical Software: Release 7.0. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation.
64. Taylor, P. J., Garety, P., Buchanan, A., Reed, A., Wessely, S., Ray, K., Dunn, G., & Grubin, D. (1994). Delusions and violence. In J. Monahan & H. J. Steadman (Eds.), Violence and mental disorder: Developments in risk assessment (pp. 161-182). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
65. Teasdale, J. D., Scott, J., Moore, R. G., Hayhurst, H., Pope, H., & Paykel, E. S. (2001). How does cognitive therapy present relapse in residual depression? Evidence from a controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 347-357.
66. Wason, P. C. (1960). On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12, 129-140.
67. Webster, D. M., & Kruglanski, A. W. (1994). Individual differences in the need for cognitive closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1049-1062.
68. Weinman, J., Petrie, K. J., Moss-Morris, R., & Horne, R. (1996). The illness perception questionnaire: A new method for assessing the cognitive representation of illness. Psychology and Health, 11, 431-445.
69. Wessely, S., Buchanan, A., Reed, A., Cutting, J., Everitt, B., Garety, P., et al. (1993). Acting on delusions: 1. Prevalence. British Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 69-76.
70. World Health Organization. (1992). SCAN: Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
71. Young, H. F., & Bentall, R. P. (1997). Probabilistic reasoning in deluded, depressed and normal subjects: Effects of task difficulty and meaningful versus non-meaningful material. Psychological Medicine, 27, 455-465.