An exploratory study of internationalization strategies of emerging Malaysian multinational enterprises

Journal of Asia-Pacific Business

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 33-57

  Sim, A B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG   (Australia)

Author keywords

Asian Multinational Enterprises; Internationalizaton strategy; Malaysia

Indexed keywords

COMPETITIVENESS; CORPORATE STRATEGY; GLOBALIZATION; MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE;

ASIA; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; MALAYSIA; SOUTHEAST ASIA; WORLD;

EID: 24044498694     PISSN: 10599231     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J098v06n01_03     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Anand, J., Ainuddin, R.A. & Makino, S. (1997). An empirical analysis of multinational strategy and international joint venture characteristics in Japanese MNCs. In P.W. Beamish & P. Killing (Eds), Cooperative Strategies. Asia Pacific Perspectives (pp. 325-340). San Francisco: The New Lexington Press.
2. Aggarwal, K. & Agmon, T. (1990). The International success of developing country firms: Role of government directed advantage, Management International Review, 30 (2), 163-180.
3. Bank Negara Malaysia. (2000). Annual Report 1999. Kuala Lumpur: Bank Negara Malaysia (and other years).
4. Bank Negara. Malaysia. (1995). Annual Report 1994. Kuala Lumpur: Bank Negara Malaysia.
5. Barkema, H.G. & Vermeulen, F. (1997). What differences in the cultural background of partners are detrimental for IJVs? Journal of International Business Studies, 28 (4), 845-864.
6. Bartlett, C.A. & Ghoshal, S. (2000). Going global. Lessons from late movers, Harvard Business Review, (March-April), 132-142.
7. Capron, L., Dussauge, P. & Mitchell, W. (1998). Resource redeployment following horizontal acquisitions in Europe and North America, 1988-1992, Strategic Management Journal, 19 (7), 631-661.
8. Chia, O.P. (1996). Malaysian Investments in China. Tokyo: Institute of Developing Economies.
9. Chen, E.K.Y. (1983). Multinationals from Hong Kong. In S. Lall (Ed.), The New Multinationals: The Spread of Third World Enterprises, (pp. 88-136), Chichester: Wiley.
10. Chen, M. (1995). Asian Business Systems: Chinese, Japanese and Korean Styles of Business. London: Routledge.
11. Chen, T.J. (1998). (Ed.). Taiwanese firms in Southeast Asia. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar.
12. Chetty, S. & Holm D.B. (2000). Internationalization of small to medium-sized manufacturing firms, International Business Review, 9, 77-93.
13. Coviello, N.E. & McAuley, A. (1999). Internationalization and the smaller firms: A review of contemporary empirical research, Management International Review, 39 (3), 223-256.
14. Dobson, W. & Chia, S.Y. (Eds.). (1997). Multinationals and East Asian Integration. Singapore: International Development Research Centre, Canada & Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore.
15. Dunning, J.H. (1977). Trade, location of economic activity and the multinational enterprise. A search for an Eclectic Approach. In B. Ohlin et at. (Eds.), The International Allocation of Economic Activity. N.Y.: Holmes & Meier.
16. Dunning, J.H. (1981). Explaining the international direct investment position of Countries: Towards a dynamic or development approach, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 117 (1), 30-64.
17. Dunning, J.H. (1985). Quarterly research review: Research on Third World Multinationals, Multinational Business, 4, 39-45.
18. Dunning, J.H. (1986). The investment development cycle and Third World Multinationals. In K.M. Khan (Ed.), Multinationals from the South: New Actors in the International Economy (pp. 15-47). London: Pinter Publishers.
19. Dunning, J.H. (1993). Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy, Workingham, England: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
20. Dunning, J.H. (1995). Reappraising the eclectic paradigm in an age of alliance capitalism, Journal of International Business Studies, 26 (3), 461-91.
21. Dunning, J.H., Van Hoesel, R. & Narul, R. (1998). Third World Multinationals Revisited: New developments and theoretical implications. In J.H. Dunning (Ed.), Globalisation, Trade and Investment, (pp. 255-286), Amsterdam: Elsevier.
22. Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989). Building theories from case study research, Academy of Management Review, 14 (4), 532-550.
23. Ernst, D. (2000). Inter-organizational knowledge outsourcing: What permits small Taiwanese firms to compete in the computer industry, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 17 (2), 223-256.
24. ESCAP/UNCTAD (1997). Competitive business strategies of Asian Transnational Corporations. New York: United Nations.
25. Hamilton, G.G. (1996). Asian business networks. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
26. Hoesel, R. van (1999). New Multinational Enterprises from Korea and Taiwan. London: Routledge.
27. Jayasankaran, S. & Thayer, N. (1996, Dec. 12). From Logs to Lotus, Far Eastern Economic Review, pp. 64-72.
28. Johanson, J. & Mattsson, L. (1988). Internationalization in industrial system - A Network Approach. In P.J. Buckley & P.N. Ghauri (Eds.). The Internationalization of the Firm: A Reader (pp. 303-321). London: Academic Press.
29. Johanson, J. & Vahlne, J.E. (1977). The Internationalization process of the firm - A model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitment, Journal of International Business Studies, (Spring/Summer), 8, 23-32.
30. Kao, J. (1993). The worldwide web of Chinese business, Harvard Business Review, (March-April), 24-36.
31. Khan, K.M. (ed.) (1986). Multinationals of the South: New Actors in the International Economy. London: Frances Pinter Publishers.
32. Kogut, B & Singh, H. (1988). The effect of national culture on the choice of entry mode, Journal of International Business Studies, 19 (3), 183-198.
33. Kumar, K. & McLeod, M.G. (Eds.). (1981). Multinationals from Developing Countries. Lexington: D.C. Heath.
34. Lall, S. (1980). Monopolistic advantages and foreign investment by U.S. Manufacturing Industry, Oxford Economic Papers, 32, 102-122.
35. Lall, S. (1983). The Third World Multinationals: The Spread of Third World Enterprises. Chichester: J. Wiley & Sons.
36. Lall, S. (1996). The Investment Development Path: Some Conclusions. In J.H. Dunning & R. Narula (Eds.), Foreign direct investments and governments: Catalysts for economic restructuring. London: Routledge.
37. Lecraw, D.J. (1984). Bargaining power, ownership, and profitability of transnational corporations in developing countries, Journal of International Business Studies, (Spring/Summer), 16, 37-43.
38. Lecraw, D. (1983). Outward direct investment by Indonesian Firms: Motivations and effects, Journal of International Business Studies, 24 (3), 589-600.
39. Lee, C.H. (1994). Korea's direct foreign investment in Southeast Asia, ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 10, 280-296.
40. Lu, Ding & Zhu, Gangti (1995). Singapore foreign direct investment in China: Features and implications, Asean Economic Bulletin, 12 (1), 53-63.
41. Luo, Y. (1998). Strategic traits of foreign direct investment in China: A country of origin perspective, Management International Review, 38 (2), 109-132.
42. Luo, Y. (1999). Dimensions of knowledge: Comparing Asian and Western MNEs in China, Asia Pacifc Journal of Management, 16, 75-93.
43. Luo, Y. (2000). Guanxi and Business. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co.
44. Miles, M.B. & Huberman, A.M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis. Second Edition. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
45. Monkiewicz, J. (1986). Multinational enterprises of developing countries: Some emerging trends, Management International Review, 26 (3), 67-79.
46. Nohria, N. & Eccles, E.G. (1992). Networks and Organizations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Press.
47. Pananond, P. & Zeithaml, C.P. (1998). The international expansion process of MNEs from Developing Countries: A case study of Thailand's CP Group, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 15 (2), 163-184.
48. Pang, E.F. & Komaran R.V. (1985). Singapore Multinationals, Columbia Journal of World Business, (Summer), 35-43.
49. Pangarkar, N. (1998). The Asian Multinational Corporation: Strategies, performance and key challenges, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 15, 109-118.
50. Pfeffer, J. & Salancik, G.R. (1978). The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective. N.Y.: Harper & Row.
51. Ragayah Haji Mat Din (1999). Malaysian reverse investments: Trends and strategies, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 16, 469-496.
52. Rajan, K.S. & Pangarkar, N. (2000). Mode of entry choice: An empirical study of Singaporean Multinationals, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 17 (1), 49-66.
53. Ramstetter, E.D.(Ed.). (1991). Direct Foreign Investments in Asia's Developing Economies and Structural Change in the Asia Pacific Region. Boulder: Westview Press.
54. Redding, S.G. (1990). The Spirit of Chinese Capitalism. New York: de Gruyter.
55. Shane, S. (1994). The effect of national culture on the choice between licensing and direct foreign investment, Strategic Management Journal, 15 (8), 627-642.
56. Sim, A.B. & Ali, Y. (1998). Performance of international joint ventures from developing and developed countries: An empirical study in a developing country context, Journal of World Business, 33 (4) 357-377.
57. Sim, A.B. & Pandian, J.R. (2002). Internationalization strategies of emerging Asian MNEs: Case evidence on Taiwanese firms, Journal of Asian Business, 18 (1), 67-80.
58. Tan, C.H. (1995). Venturing Overseas. Singapore's External Wing. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
59. Ting, W.L. (1985). Business and Technological Dynamics in Newly Industrializing Asia. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.
60. Toh, M.H. & Low, L. (1994). The state of play of direct foreign investment in Asia, Journal of Asian Economics, 5 (1), 65-84.
61. Tolentino, P.E.E. (1993). Technological Innovation and Third World Multinationals, London: Routledge.
62. Tsang E.W.K. (1999). Internationalization as a learning process: Singapore MNCs in China. Academy of Management Executive, 13 (1), 91-101.
63. Ulgado, F.M., Yu, C. and Negandhi, A.R. (1994). Multinational enterprises from Asian developing countries: Management and organizational characteristics, International Business Review, 3 (2), 123-133.
64. Weidenbaum, M. & Hughes, S. (1996). The Bamboo Network: How Expatriate Chinese Entrepreneurs are Creating a New Economic Superpower in Asia. New York: The Free Press.
65. Wells, L.T. (1983). Third World Multinationals: The Rise of Foreign Investment from Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
66. World Bank (1993). The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy. N.Y.: Oxford University Press.
67. Yeung, H.W.C. (1994). Transnational corporations from Asian developing countries: Their characteristics and competitive edge, Journal of Asian Business, 10 (4), 17-58.
68. Yeung, H.W.C. (1997). Cooperative strategies and Chinese business networks. In Beamish. P.W. & P. Killing (Eds.). Corporative Strategies (pp. 3-21). San Francisco: New Lexington Press.
69. Yeung, H.W.C. (1998). Transnational economic synergy and business networks: The case of two-way investment between Malaysia and Singapore, Regional Studies, 23 (8), 687-706.
70. Yeung, H.W.C. (1999). Introduction: Competing in the Global Economy: The Globalization of Business Firms from Emerging Economies. In Yeung H.W.C. (Ed.) The Globalization of Business Firms from Emerging Economies, Vol.1, (pp.xiii-xlvi). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd.
71. Yeung, H.W.C. & Olds, K. (2000). Globalization of Chinese Business Firms. London: MacMillan Press.
72. Yin, R.K. (1994). Case Study Research. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
73. Zutshi, R.K. & Gibbons, P.T. (1998). The internationalization process of Singapore government-linked companies: A contextual perspective, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 15 (2), 219-246.