메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 311-341

Age of immersion as a predictor of foreign accent

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 23944461103     PISSN: 01427164     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0142716405050198     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (61)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 84979316190 scopus 로고
    • The optimal age to learn a foreign language
    • Asher, J., & Garcia, R. (1969). The optimal age to learn a foreign language. Modern Language Journal, 53, 334-341.
    • (1969) Modern Language Journal , vol.53 , pp. 334-341
    • Asher, J.1    Garcia, R.2
  • 2
    • 0002286451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confounded age: Linguistic and cognitive factors in age differences for second language acquisition
    • D. Birdsong (Ed.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Bialystok, E., & Hakuta, K. (1999). Confounded age: Linguistic and cognitive factors in age differences for second language acquisition. In D. Birdsong (Ed.), Second language acquisition and the critical period hypothesis (pp. 161-181). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1999) Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis , pp. 161-181
    • Bialystok, E.1    Hakuta, K.2
  • 3
    • 0000005454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why and why nots of the critical period hypothesis for second language acquisition
    • D. Birdsong (Ed.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Birdsong, D. (1999a). Why and why nots of the critical period hypothesis for second language acquisition. In D. Birdsong (Ed.), Second language acquisition and the critical period hypothesis (pp. 1-22). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1999) Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis , pp. 1-22
    • Birdsong, D.1
  • 5
    • 0002503635 scopus 로고
    • What is the logical problem of foreign language learning?
    • S. Gass & J. Schachter (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Bley-Vroman, R. (1989). What is the logical problem of foreign language learning? In S. Gass & J. Schachter (Eds.), Linguistic perspectives on second language acquisition (pp. 41-68). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1989) Linguistic Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition , pp. 41-68
    • Bley-Vroman, R.1
  • 8
    • 0010943015 scopus 로고
    • Multi-competence and effects of age
    • D. Singleton & Z. Lengyel (Eds.), Philadelphia, PA: Multilingual Matters
    • Cook, V. (1995). Multi-competence and effects of age. In D. Singleton & Z. Lengyel (Eds.), The age factor in second language acquisition (pp. 51-66). Philadelphia, PA: Multilingual Matters.
    • (1995) The Age Factor in Second Language Acquisition , pp. 51-66
    • Cook, V.1
  • 10
    • 0030240418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of interlanguage errors with respect to stereotyping by native speakers in their judgments of second language learners' performance
    • Delamere, T. (1996). The importance of interlanguage errors with respect to stereotyping by native speakers in their judgments of second language learners' performance. System, 24, 279-297.
    • (1996) System , vol.24 , pp. 279-297
    • Delamere, T.1
  • 12
    • 84956765081 scopus 로고
    • More evidence on competing cognitive systems
    • Felix, S. W. (1985). More evidence on competing cognitive systems. Second Language Research, 1, 47-72.
    • (1985) Second Language Research , vol.1 , pp. 47-72
    • Felix, S.W.1
  • 13
    • 0023729925 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting degree of perceived foreign accent in English sentences
    • Flege, J. E. (1988). Factors affecting degree of perceived foreign accent in English sentences. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 84, 70-79.
    • (1988) Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol.84 , pp. 70-79
    • Flege, J.E.1
  • 14
    • 0026708618 scopus 로고
    • Talker and listener effects on the perception of degree of foreign accent
    • Flege, J. E., & Fletcher, K. L. (1992). Talker and listener effects on the perception of degree of foreign accent. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 91, 370-389.
    • (1992) Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol.91 , pp. 370-389
    • Flege, J.E.1    Fletcher, K.L.2
  • 18
    • 0003030654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The critical period hypothesis: Where are we now?
    • A. M. B. de Groot & J. F. Kroll (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Harley, B., & Wang, W. (1997). The critical period hypothesis: Where are we now? In A. M. B. de Groot & J. F. Kroll (Eds.), Tutorials in bilingualism: Psycholinguistic perspectives (pp. 19-51). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1997) Tutorials in Bilingualism: Psycholinguistic Perspectives , pp. 19-51
    • Harley, B.1    Wang, W.2
  • 19
    • 77956776070 scopus 로고
    • Non-native features of near-native speakers: On the ultimate attainment of childhood L2 learners
    • R. J. Harris (Ed.), Amsterdam: North-Holland
    • Hyltenstam, K. (1992). Non-native features of near-native speakers: On the ultimate attainment of childhood L2 learners. In R. J. Harris (Ed.), Cognitive processing in bilinguals (pp. 351-368). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
    • (1992) Cognitive Processing in Bilinguals , pp. 351-368
    • Hyltenstam, K.1
  • 20
    • 84890615259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who can become native-like in a second language? All, some, or none?
    • Hyltenstam, K., & Abrahamsson, N. (2000). Who can become native-like in a second language? all, some, or none? Studia Linguistica, 54, 150-166.
    • (2000) Studia Linguistica , vol.54 , pp. 150-166
    • Hyltenstam, K.1    Abrahamsson, N.2
  • 21
    • 0014568991 scopus 로고
    • IEEE recommended practice for speech quality measurements
    • IEEE Subcommittee on Subjective Measurements. (1969). IEEE recommended practice for speech quality measurements. IEEE Transactions on Audio Electroacoustics, AU-17, 227-250.
    • (1969) IEEE Transactions on Audio Electroacoustics , vol.AU-17 , pp. 227-250
  • 22
    • 85032070428 scopus 로고
    • Is there a structural foreign accent? A comparison of syntactic and phonological errors in second language acquisition
    • Ioup, G. (1984). Is there a structural foreign accent? A comparison of syntactic and phonological errors in second language acquisition. Language Learning, 34, 1-17.
    • (1984) Language Learning , vol.34 , pp. 1-17
    • Ioup, G.1
  • 23
    • 0024489087 scopus 로고
    • Critical period effects in second language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language
    • Johnson, J. S., & Newport, E. L. (1989). Critical period effects in second language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language. Cognitive Psychology, 21, 60-99.
    • (1989) Cognitive Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 60-99
    • Johnson, J.S.1    Newport, E.L.2
  • 24
    • 84938048688 scopus 로고
    • Age, rate, and eventual attainment in second language acquisition
    • Krashen, S. D., Long, M. H., & Scarcella, R. C. (1979). Age, rate, and eventual attainment in second language acquisition. TESOL Quarterly, 13, 573-582.
    • (1979) TESOL Quarterly , vol.13 , pp. 573-582
    • Krashen, S.D.1    Long, M.H.2    Scarcella, R.C.3
  • 25
    • 0003315877 scopus 로고
    • Age, rate, and eventual attainment in second language acquisition
    • S. D. Krashen, R. C. Scarcella & M. H. Long (Eds.), Rowley, MA: Newbury House
    • Krashen, S. D., Scarcella, R. C., & Long, M. H. (Eds.). (1982). Age, rate, and eventual attainment in second language acquisition. In S. D. Krashen, R. C. Scarcella & M. H. Long (Eds.), Child-adult differences in second language acquisition (pp. 161-172). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
    • (1982) Child-adult Differences in Second Language Acquisition , pp. 161-172
    • Krashen, S.D.1    Scarcella, R.C.2    Long, M.H.3
  • 27
    • 84972468376 scopus 로고
    • Maturational constraints on language development
    • Long, M. H. (1990). Maturational constraints on language development. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 12, 251-285.
    • (1990) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.12 , pp. 251-285
    • Long, M.H.1
  • 28
    • 0002918842 scopus 로고
    • The competing language systems of the multilingual: A developmental study of decoding and encoding processes
    • Magiste, E. (1979). The competing language systems of the multilingual: A developmental study of decoding and encoding processes. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18, 79-89.
    • (1979) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , vol.18 , pp. 79-89
    • Magiste, E.1
  • 29
    • 84965736430 scopus 로고
    • Measuring pronunciation accuracy using computerized techniques
    • Major, R. C. (1987a). Measuring pronunciation accuracy using computerized techniques. Language Testing, 4, 155-169.
    • (1987) Language Testing , vol.4 , pp. 155-169
    • Major, R.C.1
  • 30
    • 84935415986 scopus 로고
    • Phonological similarity, markedness, and rate of L2 acquisition
    • Major, R. C. (1987b). Phonological similarity, markedness, and rate of L2 acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 9, 63-82.
    • (1987) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.9 , pp. 63-82
    • Major, R.C.1
  • 31
    • 0000902923 scopus 로고
    • Losing English as a first language
    • Major, R. C. (1992). Losing English as a first language. The Modern Language Journal, 76, 190-208.
    • (1992) The Modern Language Journal , vol.76 , pp. 190-208
    • Major, R.C.1
  • 32
    • 84937190329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interlanguage phonetics and phonology: An introduction
    • Major, R. C. (1998). Interlanguage phonetics and phonology: An introduction. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 131-137.
    • (1998) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.20 , pp. 131-137
    • Major, R.C.1
  • 33
    • 85137647655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultimate attainment in L2 phonology: The critical factors of age, motivation, and instruction
    • Moyer, A. (1999). Ultimate attainment in L2 phonology: The critical factors of age, motivation, and instruction. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21, 81-108.
    • (1999) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.21 , pp. 81-108
    • Moyer, A.1
  • 34
    • 23944483277 scopus 로고
    • Language learning ability in adults: A study on the acquisition of prosodie and articulatory features
    • Neufeld, G. (1977). Language learning ability in adults: A study on the acquisition of prosodie and articulatory features. Working Papers on Bilingualism, 12, 45-60.
    • (1977) Working Papers on Bilingualism , vol.12 , pp. 45-60
    • Neufeld, G.1
  • 35
    • 0010950971 scopus 로고
    • Prosodie and articulatory features in adult language learning
    • R. Scarcella & S. Krashen (Eds.), Rowley, MA: Newbury House
    • Neufield, G., & Schneidermann, E. (1980). Prosodie and articulatory features in adult language learning. In R. Scarcella & S. Krashen (Eds.), Research in second language acquisition (pp. 105-09). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
    • (1980) Research in Second Language Acquisition , pp. 105-109
    • Neufield, G.1    Schneidermann, E.2
  • 36
    • 3943110148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical thinking about critical periods: Perspectives on a critical period for language acquisition
    • E. Dupoux, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Newport, E. L., Bavelier, D., & Neville, H. J. (2001). Critical thinking about critical periods: Perspectives on a critical period for language acquisition. In E. Dupoux, Language, brain and cognitive development: Essays in honor of Jacques Mehler (pp. 481-502). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (2001) Language, Brain and Cognitive Development: Essays in Honor of Jacques Mehler , pp. 481-502
    • Newport, E.L.1    Bavelier, D.2    Neville, H.J.3
  • 37
    • 0001525373 scopus 로고
    • A sensitive period for the acquisition of a nonnative phonological system
    • Oyama, S. (1976). A sensitive period for the acquisition of a nonnative phonological system. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 5, 261-283.
    • (1976) Journal of Psycholinguistic Research , vol.5 , pp. 261-283
    • Oyama, S.1
  • 38
    • 0002425969 scopus 로고
    • The concept of the sensitive period in developmental studies
    • Oyama, S. (1979). The concept of the sensitive period in developmental studies. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 25, 83-103.
    • (1979) Merrill-palmer Quarterly , vol.25 , pp. 83-103
    • Oyama, S.1
  • 39
    • 0003068547 scopus 로고
    • Age and accent in a second language: A reply to James Emil Flege
    • Patkowski, M. S. (1990). Age and accent in a second language: A reply to James Emil Flege. Applied Linguistics, 11, 73-89.
    • (1990) Applied Linguistics , vol.11 , pp. 73-89
    • Patkowski, M.S.1
  • 40
    • 0012880498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting degree of foreign accent in an L2: A review
    • Piske, T., MacKay, I. R., & Flege, J. E. (2001). Factors affecting degree of foreign accent in an L2: A review. Journal of Phonetics, 29, 191-215.
    • (2001) Journal of Phonetics , vol.29 , pp. 191-215
    • Piske, T.1    MacKay, I.R.2    Flege, J.E.3
  • 42
    • 0342359382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana University, Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science Program
    • Rogers, C. (1997). Intelligibility of Chinese-accented English. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana University, Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science Program.
    • (1997) Intelligibility of Chinese-accented English
    • Rogers, C.1
  • 44
    • 84977699815 scopus 로고
    • Foreign accents, language acquisition, and cerebral dominance
    • Scovel, T. (1969). Foreign accents, language acquisition, and cerebral dominance. Language Learning, 19, 245-253.
    • (1969) Language Learning , vol.19 , pp. 245-253
    • Scovel, T.1
  • 45
    • 84937325156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical review of the critical period research
    • Scovel, T. (2000). A critical review of the critical period research. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 20, 213-223.
    • (2000) Annual Review of Applied Linguistics , vol.20 , pp. 213-223
    • Scovel, T.1
  • 48
    • 0032772668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling foreign accent: Direct magnitude estimation versus interval scaling
    • Southwood, M. H., & Flege, J. E. (1999). Scaling foreign accent: Direct magnitude estimation versus interval scaling. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 13, 335-449.
    • (1999) Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics , vol.13 , pp. 335-449
    • Southwood, M.H.1    Flege, J.E.2
  • 49
    • 84970541075 scopus 로고
    • Foreign accents: Factors relating to transfer of the accent from the first language to a second language
    • Tahta, S., Wood, M., & Loewenthal, K. (1981). Foreign accents: Factors relating to transfer of the accent from the first language to a second language. Language and Speech, 24, 265-272.
    • (1981) Language and Speech , vol.24 , pp. 265-272
    • Tahta, S.1    Wood, M.2    Loewenthal, K.3
  • 50
    • 84979404009 scopus 로고
    • Foreign accents revisited: The English pronunciation of Russian immigrants
    • Thompson, I. (1991). Foreign accents revisited: The English pronunciation of Russian immigrants. Language Learning, 4, 177-204.
    • (1991) Language Learning , vol.4 , pp. 177-204
    • Thompson, I.1
  • 51
    • 34248793079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How native is near-native? the issue of ultimate attainment in adult second language acquisition
    • White, L., & Genesee, F. (1996). How native is near-native? The issue of ultimate attainment in adult second language acquisition. Second Language Research, 12, 233-265.
    • (1996) Second Language Research , vol.12 , pp. 233-265
    • White, L.1    Genesee, F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.