Dual tasking, gait rhythmicity, and Parkinson's disease: Which aspects of gait are attention demanding?

European Journal of Neuroscience

Volumn 22, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 1248-1256

  Yogev, Galit ^a,b   Giladi, Nir ^a,b   Peretz, Chava ^a,b   Springer, Shmuel ^b   Simon, Ely S ^c   Hausdorff, Jeffrey M ^a,b,d  

^a TEL AVIV SOURASKY MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

^b TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^c NeuroTrax Corporation   (United States)

^d HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Ageing; Cognitive function; Executive function; Falls; Gait variability

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; BODY POSTURE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; FALLING; GAIT; HUMAN; MOTOR CONTROL; PARKINSON DISEASE; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOMOTOR ACTIVITY; TASK PERFORMANCE; WALKING; WORKING MEMORY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ATTENTION; COGNITION; FEMALE; GAIT; HUMANS; MALE; MEMORY; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PARKINSON DISEASE; PERIODICITY; PROBLEM SOLVING; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REACTION TIME; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS; WALKING;

EID: 23944457412     PISSN: 0953816X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04298.x     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Ashburn, A., Stack, E., Pickering, R.M. & Ward, C.D. (2001a) A community-dwelling sample of people with Parkinson's disease: characteristics of fallers and non-fallers. Age Ageing, 30, 47-52.
2. Ashbum, A., Stack, E., Pickering, R.M. & Ward, C.D. (2001b) Predicting fallers in a community-based sample of people with Parkinson's disease. Gerontology, 47, 277-281.
3. Baltadjieva, R., Giladi, N., Balash, Y., Herman, T. & Hausdorff, J.M. (2004) Gait changes in de novo Parkinson's disease patients: a force/rhythm dichotomy. Mov. Disord., 19, S138.
4. Bazner, H., Oster, M., Daffertshofer, M. & Kennend, M. (2000) Assessment of gait in subcortical vascular encephalopathy by computerized analysis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. J. Neurol., 247, 841-849.
5. Berg, K., Wood-Dauphinee, S. & Williams, J.I. (1995) The Balance Scale: reliability assessment with elderly residents and patients with an acute stroke. Scand. J. Rehabil. Med., 27, 27-36.
6. Ble, A., Volpato, S., Zuliani, G., Guralnik, J.M., Bandinelli, S., Lauretani, F., Bartali, B., Maraldi, C., Fellin, R. & Ferrucci, L. (2005) Executive function correlates with walking speed in older persons: the InCHIANTI study. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 53, 410-415.
7. Blin, O., Ferrandez, A.M., Pailhous, J. & Serratrice, G. (1991) Dopa-sensitive and dopa-resistant gait parameters in Parkinson's disease. J. Neurol. Sci., 103, 51-54.
8. Blin, O., Ferrandez, A.M. & Serratrice, G. (1990) Quantitative analysis of gait in Parkinson patients: increased variability of stride length. J. Neurol. Sci., 98, 91-97.
9. Bloem, B.R., Grimbergen, Y.A., Cramer, M. & Valkenburg, V.V. (2000) 'Stops walking when talking' does not predict falls in Parkinson's disease. Ann. Neurol., 48, 268.
10. Bloem, B.R., Hausdorff, J.M., Visser, J.E. & Giladi, N. (2004) Falls and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: a review of two interconnected, episodic phenomena. Mov. Disord., 19, 871-884.
11. Bloem, B.R., Valkenburg, V.V., Slabbekoorn, M. & Gert, V.D. (2001) The multiple tasks test. Strategies in Parkinson's disease. Exp. Brain Res., 137, 478-486.
12. Brauer, S.G., Woollacott, M. & Shumway-Cook, A. (2002) The influence of a concurrent cognitive task on the compensatory stepping response to a perturbation in balance-impaired and healthy elders. Gait. Posture, 15, 83-93.
13. Brown, R.G. & Marsden, C.D. (1991) Dual task performance and processing resources in normal subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain, 114, 215-231.
14. Camicioli, R., Howieson, D., Lehman, S. & Kaye, J. (1997) Talking while walking: the effect of a dual task in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 48, 955-958.
15. Camicioli, R., Oken, B.S., Sexton, G., Kaye, J.A. & Nutt, J.G. (1998) Verbal fluency task affects gait in Parkinson's disease with motor freezing. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol., 11, 181-185.
16. Dault, M.C., Yardley, L. & Frank, J.S. (2003) Does articulation contribute to modifications of postural control during dual-task paradigms? Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res., 16, 434-440.
17. Delia, S.S., Baddeley, A., Papagno, C. & Spinnler, H. (1995) Dual-task paradigm: a means to examine the central executive. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci, 769, 161-171.
18. Dubois, B. & Pillon, B. (1997) Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease. J. Neurol., 244, 2-8.
19. Dwolatzky, T., Whitehead, V., Doniger, G.M., Simon, E.S., Schweiger, A., Jaffe, D. & Chertkow, H. (2003) Validity of a novel computerized cognitive battery for mild cognitive impairment. BMC Geriatr., 3, 4.
20. Ebersbach, G., Sojer, M., Valldeoriola, F., Wissel, J., Muller, J., Tolosa, E. & Poewe, W. (1999) Comparative analysis of gait in Parkinson's disease, cerebellar ataxia and subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy. Brain, 122, 1349-1355.
21. Emre, M., Aarsland, D., Albanese, A., Byrne, E.J., Deuschl, G., De Deyn, P.P., Durif, F., Kulisevsky, J., van Laar, T., Lees, A., Poewe, W., Robillard, A., Rosa, M.M., Wolters, E., Quarg, P., Tekin, S. & Lane, R. (2004) Rivastigmine for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. New Engl. J. Med., 351, 2509-2518.
22. Fahn, S., Elton, R. & Members of the UPDRS development committee (1987) Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. In Fahn, S., Marsden, C.D., Calne, D. & Goldstein, M., (Eds), Recent Developments in Parkinson's Disease. Florham Park, NJ, pp. 153-163.
23. Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E. & McHugh, P.R. (1975) 'Mini-mental state'. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J. Psychiatr. Res., 12, 189-198.
24. Frenkel-Toledo, S., Giladi, N., Peretz, C., Herman, T., Gruedlinger, L. & Hausdorff, J.M. (2005) Treadmill walking as an external pacemaker to improve gait rhythm and stability in Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord., 20, 1109-1114.
25. Gabell, A. & Nayak, U.S. (1984) The effect of age on variability in gait. J. Gerontol., 39, 662-666.
26. Gelb, D.J., Oliver, E. & Gilman, S. (1999) Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease. Arch. Neurol., 56, 33-39.
27. Giladi, N., Shabtai, H., Gurevich, T., Benbunan, B., Anca, M. & Korczyn, A.D. (2003) Rivastigmine (Exelon) for dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol. Scand., 108, 368-373.
28. Hausdorff, J.M., Balash, J. & Giladi, N. (2003) Effects of cognitive challenge on gait variability in patients with Parkinson's disease. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol, 16, 53-58.
29. Hausdorff, J.M., Cudkowicz, M.E., Firtion, R., Wei, J.Y. & Goldberger, A.L. (1998) Gait variability and basal ganglia disorders: stride-to-stride variations of gait cycle timing in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Mov. Disord., 13, 428-137.
30. Hausdorff, J.M., Edelberg, H.K., Mitchell, S.L., Goldberger, A.L. & Wei, J.Y. (1997) Increased gait unsteadiness in community-dwelling elderly fallers. Arch. Phys. Med., 78, 278-283.
31. Hausdorff, J.M., Lertratanakul, A., Cudkowicz, M.E., Peterson, A.L., Kaliton, D. & Goldberger, A.L. (2000) Dynamic markers of altered gait rhythm in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Appl. Physiol, 88, 2045-2053.
32. Hausdorff, J.M., Rios, D. & Edelberg, H.K. (2001) Gait variability and fall risk in community-living older adults: a 1-year prospective study. Arch. Phys. Med., 82, 1050-1056.
33. Hausdorff, J.M., Yogev, G., Springer, S., Simon, E.S. & Giladi, N. (2005) Walking is more like catching than tapping: gait in the elderly as a complex cognitive task. Exp. Brain Res., 164, 541-548.
34. Hoehn, M.M. & Yahr, M.D. (1967) Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology, 17, 427-442.
35. Langenecker, S.A., Nielson, K.A. & Rao, S.M. (2004) fMRI of healthy older adults during Stroop interference. Neuroimage, 21, 192-200.
36. Lees, A.J. & Smith, E. (1983) Cognitive deficits in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. Brain, 106, 257-270.
37. Lindenberger, U., Marsiske, M. & Baltes, P.B. (2000) Memorizing while walking: increase in dual-task costs from young adulthood to old age. Psychol. Aging, 15, 417-436.
38. MacLeod, C.M. (1991) Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: an integrative review. Psychol. Bull., 109, 163-203.
39. Maki, B.E. (1997) Gait changes in older adults: predictors of falls or indicators of fear. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 45, 313-320.
40. Marquis, S., Moore, M.M., Howieson, D.B., Sexton, G., Payami, H., Kaye, J.A. & Camicioli, R. (2002) Independent predictors of cognitive decline in healthy elderly persons. Arch. Neurol., 59, 601-606.
41. Mathias, S., Nayak, U.S. & Isaacs, B. (1986) Balance in elderly patients: the 'get-up and go' test. Arch. Phys. Med., 67, 387-389.
42. Maylor, E.A. & Wing, A.M. (1996) Age differences in postural stability are increased by additional cognitive demands. J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., 51, 143-154.
43. Morris, M.E., Huxham, F.E., McGinley, J. & Iansek, R. (2001a) Gait disorders and gait rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease. Adv. Neurol., 87, 347-361.
44. Morris, M.E., Iansek, R., Matyas, T.A. & Summers, JJ. (1994) The pathogenesis of gait hypokinesia in Parkinson's disease. Brain, 117, 1169-1181.
45. Morris, M.E., Iansek, R., Matyas, T.A. & Summers, J.J. (1996) Stride length regulation in Parkinson's disease. Normalization strategies and underlying mechanisms. Brain, 119, 551-568.
46. Morris, S., Morris, M.E. & Iansek, R. (2001b) Reliability of measurements obtained with the Timed 'Up & Go' test in people with Parkinson disease. Phys. Ther., 81, 810-818.
47. Nakamura, T., Meguro, K. & Sasaki, H. (1996) Relationship between falls and stride length variability in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Gerontology, 42, 108-113.
48. O'Shea, S., Morris, M.E. & Iansek, R. (2002) Dual task interference during gait in people with Parkinson disease: effects of motor versus cognitive secondary tasks. Phys. Ther., 82, 888-897.
49. Okumiya, K., Matsubayashi, K., Nakamura, T., Fujisawa, M., Osaki, Y., Doi, Y. & Ozawa, T. (1998) The timed 'up & go' test is a useful predictor of falls in community-dwelling older people. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 46, 928-930.
50. Pashler, H. (1994) Dual-task interference in simple tasks: data and theory. Psychol. Bull., 116, 220-244.
51. Rowe, J., Stephan, K.E., Fristen, K., Frackowiak, R., Lees, A. & Passingham, R. (2002) Attention to action in Parkinson's disease: impaired effective connectivity among frontal cortical regions. Brain, 125, 276-289.
52. Rubenstein, T.C., Giladi, N. & Hausdorff, J.M. (2002) The power of cueing to circumvent dopamine deficits: a review of physical therapy treatment of gait disturbances in Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord., 17, 1148-1160.
53. Ruthruff, E., Pashler, H.E. & Klaassen, A. (2001) Processing bottlenecks in dual-task performance: structural limitation or strategic postponement? Psychon. Bull. Rev., 8, 73-80.
54. Schaafsma, J.D., Giladi, N., Balash, Y., Bartels, A.L., Gurevich, T. & Hausdorff, J.M. (2003) Gait dynamics in Parkinson's disease: relationship to Parkinsonian features, falls and response to levodopa. J. Neurol. Sci., 212, 47-53.
55. Schmidt, R.A. & Timothy, D.L. (1999) Motor Control and Learning. Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc., Champaign, Illinois.
56. Schweiger, A., Doniger, G.M., Dwolatzky, T., Jaffe, D. & Simon, E.S. (2003) Reliability of a novel computerized neuropsychological battery for mild cognitive impairment. Acta Neuropsychologica, 1, 407-413.
57. Sharon, M. (1997) Organizers and Non-Organizers: a Study on High Organizing Abilities and Divided-Attention Capacity. Tcherikover Publishers, Tel-Aviv.
58. Sheridan, P.L., Solomont, J., Kowall, N. & Hausdorff, J.M. (2003) Influence of executive function on locomotor function: divided attention increases gait variability in Alzheimer's disease. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 51, 1633-1637.
59. Shumway-Cook, A., Brauer, S. & Woollacott, M. (2000) Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the Timed Up & Go Test. Phys. Ther., 80, 896-903.
60. Spreen, O. & Strauss, E. (1988) A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms and Commentary. Oxford University Press, New York.
61. Szameitat, A.J., Schubert, T., Muller, K. & Von Cramon, D.Y. (2002) Localization of executive functions in dual-task performance with FMRI. J. Cogn. Neurosci., 14, 1184-1199.
62. Tseng, C.H., McNeil, M.R. & Milenkovic, P. (1993) An investigation of attention allocation deficits in aphasia. Brain Lang., 45, 276-296.
63. Uekermann, J., Daum, I., Bielawski, M., Muhlack, S., Peters, S., Przuntek, H. & Mueller, T. (2004) Differential executive control impairments in early Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Transm. Suppl. 39-51.
64. Verghese, J., Buschke, H., Viola, L., Katz, M., Hall, C., Kuslansky, G. & Lipton, R. (2002a) Validity of divided attention tasks in predicting falls in older individuals: a preliminary study. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 50, 1572-1576.
65. Verghese, J., Lipton, R.B., Hall, C.B., Kuslansky, G., Katz, M.J. & Buschke, H. (2002b) Abnormality of gait as a predictor of non-Alzheimer's dementia. New Engl. J. Med., 347, 1761-1768.
66. Wood, B.H., Bilclough, J.A., Bowron, A. & Walker, R.W. (2002) Incidence and prediction of falls in Parkinson's disease: a prospective multidisciplinary study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 72, 721-725.
67. Woollacott, M. & Shumway-Cook, A. (2002) Attention and the control of posture and gait: a review of an emerging area of research. Gait. Posture, 16, 1-14.