Sensing of liquid level at micron resolution using self-excited millimeter-sized PZT-cantilever

Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical

Volumn 122, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 326-334

  Campbell, Gossett A ^a   Mutharasan, Raj ^a  

^a Drexel University   (United States)

Author keywords

Added mass; Cantilevers; Evaporation; Resonance; Sensitivity

Indexed keywords

COMPOSITE MATERIALS; EVAPORATION; MASS TRANSFER; MILLIMETER WAVE DEVICES; OPTICAL RESOLVING POWER; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE; VISCOSITY; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

ADDED MASS; CANTILEVERS; SENSITIVITY; VOLATILE FLUIDS;

PIEZOELECTRIC DEVICES;

EID: 23444451895     PISSN: 09244247     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2005.05.012     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. V.E. Sakharov, S.A. Kuznetsov, B.D. Zaitsev, I.E. Kuznetsova, and S.G. Joshi Liquid level sensor using ultrasonic Lamb waves Ultrasonics 41 2003 319 322
2. E.J. Chern, and B.B. Djordjevic Nonintrusive ultrasonic low-liquid-level sensor Mater. Eval. 48 1990 481 485
3. R. Osborne, M. Ward, and K. Dawkins A micro-machined acoustic sensor array for fuel level indication Sens. Actuators A 115 2004 385 391
4. K.S. Bates, D.B. Chang, Low frequency acoustic fuel sensor, US Patient 5 (1993) 251-482.
5. D. Donlagić, M. Zavrśnik, and D. Donlagić Low-frequency acoustic resonance level detector with neural-network classification Sens. Actuators A 55 1996 99 106
6. E. Musayev, and S.E. Karlik A novel liquid level detection method and its implementation Sens. Actuators A 109 2003 21 24
7. C. Yang, and S. Chen Fiber optical liquid level sensor under cryogenic environment Sens. Actuators A 94 2001 69 75
8. H. Golnabi Design and operation of a optic sensor for liquid level detection Opt. Lasers Eng. 41 2004 801 812
9. P. Raatikainen, I. Kassamakov, R. Kakanakov, and M. Luukkala Fiber-optic liquid-level sensor Sens. Actuators A 58 1997 93 97
10. C. Vázquez, A.B. Gonzalo, S. Vargas, and J. Montalvo Multi-sensor system using plastic optical fibers for intrinsically safe level measurements Sens. Actuators A 116 2004 22 32
11. K. Iwamoto, and I. Kamata Liquid-level sensor with optical fibers Appl. Opt. 31 1992 51 54
12. D.J. Weiss Fluorescent optical liquid level sensor Opt. Eng. 39 2000 2198 2213
13. C.P. Yakymyshyn, and C.R. Pollock Differential absorption fiber-optic liquid level sensor J. Lightwave Technol. LT-5 7 1987 941 946
14. J.A. Morris, C.P. Yakymyshyn, and C.R. Pollock Fiber optic fuel level sensors ISA Trans. 26 1987 25 32
15. J.F.A. Morris, and C.R. Pollock A digital fiber-optic liquid level sensor J. Lightwave Technol. LT-5 7 1987 920 925
16. S.V. Svirid, V. Leon, and S.N. Khotiaintsev A prototype fiber-optic discrete level-sensor for liquid propane-butane IEICE Trans. Electron. E83-C 2000 303 308
17. H.S. Haddock, P.M. Shanker, and R. Mutharasan Evanescent sensing of biomolecules and cells Sens. Actuators B 88 2003 67 74
18. P.J. Wiejata, P.M. Shanker, and R. Mutharasan Fluorescent sensing using biconical tapers Sens. Actuators B 96 2003 315 320
19. C. Zhou, P. Pivarnik, S. Auger, A. Rand, and S. Letcher A compact fiber-optic immunosensor for Salmonella based on evanescent wave excitation Sens. Actuators B 42 1997 169 175
20. A. Kishen, M.S. John, C.S. Lim, and A. Asundi A fiber optic biosensor (FOBS) to monitor mutans streptococci in human saliva Biosens. Bioelectron. 18 2003 1371 1378
21. J. Keirsse, C.B. Plédel, O. Loreal, O. Sire, B. Bureau, B. Turlin, P. Leroyer, and J. Lucas Chalcogenide glass fibers used as biosensors J. Non-Crystall. Solids 326 & 327 2003 430 433
22. J. Keirsse, C.B. Plédel, O. Loreal, O. Sire, B. Bureau, B. Turlin, P. Leroyer, and J. Lucas IR optical fiber sensor for biomedical applications Vibrat. Spetrosc. 32 2003 23 32
23. I. Oden, G.Y. Chen, R.A. Steele, R.J. Warmack, and T. Thundat Viscous drag measurements utilizing micro-fabricated cantilevers Appl. Phys. Lett. 68 1996 3814 3816
24. J. Tamayo, A.D.L. Humphris, A.M. Malloy, and M.J. Miles Chemical sensors and biosensors in liquid environment based on microcantilevers with amplified quality factor Ultramicroscopy 86 2001 167 173
25. K. Fukuda, H. Irihama, T. Tsuji, K. Nakamoto, and K. Yamanaka Sharpening contact resonance spectra in UAFM using Q-control Surf. Sci. 532, 535 2003 1145 1151
26. S. Kirstein, M. Mertesdorf, and M. Schonhoff The influence of a viscous fluid on the vibration dynamics of scanning near-field optical microscopy fiber probes and atomic force microscopy cantilevers J. Appl. Phys. 84 1998 1782 1790
27. J.W. Yi, W.Y. Shih, R. Mutharasan, and W.-H. Shih In situ cell detection using piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate-stainless steel cantilevers J. Appl. Phys. 93 2003 619 625
28. F.-J. Elmer, and M. Dreier Eigenfrequencies of a rectangular atomic force microscope cantilever in a medium J. Appl. Phys. 81 1997 7709 8123
29. J. Zhou, P. Li, S. Zhang, Y. Long, F. Zhou, Y. Huang, P. Yang, and M. Bao Zeolite-modified microcantilever gas sensor for indoor air quality control Sens. Actuators B 94 2003 337 342
30. T. Naik, E.K. Longmire, and S.C. Mantell Dynamic response of a cantilever in liquid near a solid wall Sens. Actuators A 102 2003 240 254
31. K. Fukuda, H. Irihama, T. Tsuji, K. Nakamoto, and K. Yamanaka Sharpening contact resonance spectra in UAFM using Q-control Surf. Sci. 535 2003 1145 1151
32. H.S. Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey, 3rd ed., 1999, pp. 700-705.
33. J.W. Yi, W.Y. Shih, and W.-H. Shih Effect of length, width, and mode on the mass detection sensitivity of piezoelectric unimorph cantilevers J. Appl. Phys. 91 2002 1680 1686
34. W.Y. Shih, X. Li, H. Gu, W.-H. Shih, and I.A. Aksay Simultaneous liquid viscosity and density determination with piezoelectric unimorph cantilevers J. Appl. Phys. 89 2001 1497 1505
35. G.A. Campbell, R. Mutharasan, Detection of pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 using self-excited PZT-glass microcantilevers, Biosens. Bioelectron., in press.
36. L.A. Pinnaduwage, T. Thundat, J.E. Hawk, D.L. Hedden, P.F. Britt, E.J. Houser, S. Stepnowski, R.A. McGill, and D. Bubb Detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene using microcantilever sensors Sens. Actuators B 99 2004 223 229