메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 342-351

Magnesium neuroprotection is limited in humans with acute brain injury

Author keywords

Brain ischemia; Cerebrospinal fluid; Magnesium sulfate; Neuroprotective agents; Subarachnoid hemorrhage; Traumatic brain injury

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; MAGNESIUM SULFATE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; NICARDIPINE;

EID: 23444450568     PISSN: 15416933     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1385/NCC:2:3:342     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (69)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0032018743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New experimental and clinical data on the efficacy of pharmacological magnesium infusions in cerebral infarcts
    • Muir KW. New experimental and clinical data on the efficacy of pharmacological magnesium infusions in cerebral infarcts. Magnesium Res 1998;11:43-56.
    • (1998) Magnesium Res , vol.11 , pp. 43-56
    • Muir, K.W.1
  • 2
    • 0346034772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium therapy after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage a dose-finding study for long term treatment
    • Wien
    • van den Bergh WM, Albrecht KW, Berkelbach van der Sprenkel JW, Rinkel GJ. Magnesium therapy after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage a dose-finding study for long term treatment. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2003;145:195-199.
    • (2003) Acta Neurochir , vol.145 , pp. 195-199
    • Van Den Bergh, W.M.1    Albrecht, K.W.2    Berkelbach Van Der Sprenkel, J.W.3    Rinkel, G.J.4
  • 3
    • 0036125842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium sulfate therapy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Veyna RS, Seyfried D, Burke DG, et al. Magnesium sulfate therapy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2002;96:510-514.
    • (2002) J Neurosurg , vol.96 , pp. 510-514
    • Veyna, R.S.1    Seyfried, D.2    Burke, D.G.3
  • 4
    • 0031970836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose optimization of intravenous magnesium sulfate after acute stroke
    • Muir KW, Lees KR. Dose optimization of intravenous magnesium sulfate after acute stroke. Stroke 1998;29:918-923.
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 918-923
    • Muir, K.W.1    Lees, K.R.2
  • 5
    • 2942700683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium for acute stroke (Intravenous Magnesium Efficacy in Stroke Trial): Randomized controlled trial
    • Investigators IMAGES. Magnesium for acute stroke (Intravenous Magnesium Efficacy in Stroke Trial): randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2004;363:439-445.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 439-445
  • 6
    • 0012588344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of the Field Administration of Stroke Treatment-Magnesium (FAST-MAG) pilot trial: A study of prehospital neuroprotective therapy
    • Saver JL KC, Lear MC. Results of the Field Administration of Stroke Treatment-Magnesium (FAST-MAG) pilot trial: a study of prehospital neuroprotective therapy. Stroke 2002;33:353.
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 353
    • Saver, J.L.K.C.1    Lear, M.C.2
  • 7
    • 0013768618 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium exchange between blood and cerebrospinal fluid
    • Oppelt WW, MacIntyre I, Rall DP. Magnesium exchange between blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Am J Physiol 1963;205:959-962.
    • (1963) Am J Physiol , vol.205 , pp. 959-962
    • Oppelt, W.W.1    MacIntyre, I.2    Rall, D.P.3
  • 8
    • 0023992113 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium metabolism in health and disease
    • Elin R. Magnesium metabolism in health and disease. Dis Mon 1988;34:165-218.
    • (1988) Dis Mon , vol.34 , pp. 165-218
    • Elin, R.1
  • 9
    • 0033049584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrovascular biology and the various neural barriers: Challenges and future directions
    • Neuwelt EA, Abbott NJ, Drewes L, et al. Cerebrovascular biology and the various neural barriers: challenges and future directions. Neurosurgery 1999;44:604-608.
    • (1999) Neurosurgery , vol.44 , pp. 604-608
    • Neuwelt, E.A.1    Abbott, N.J.2    Drewes, L.3
  • 10
    • 0016295586 scopus 로고
    • Transport mechanisms in the choroid plexus
    • Pollay M. Transport mechanisms in the choroid plexus. Fed Proc 1974;44:2064-2069.
    • (1974) Fed Proc , vol.44 , pp. 2064-2069
    • Pollay, M.1
  • 11
    • 0016261516 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of magnesium in the central nervous system
    • Chutkow JG. Metabolism of magnesium in the central nervous system. Neurology 1974;24:780-787.
    • (1974) Neurology , vol.24 , pp. 780-787
    • Chutkow, J.G.1
  • 12
    • 0026683789 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral magnesium sulfate enters the brain and increases the threshold for hippocampal seizures in rats
    • Hallak M, Berman RF, Irtenkauf SM, Evans MI, Cotton DB. Peripheral magnesium sulfate enters the brain and increases the threshold for hippocampal seizures in rats. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:1605-1610.
    • (1992) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.167 , pp. 1605-1610
    • Hallak, M.1    Berman, R.F.2    Irtenkauf, S.M.3    Evans, M.I.4    Cotton, D.B.5
  • 13
    • 0032984833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of magnesium therapy after severe diffuse axonal brain injury in rats
    • Heath DL, Vink R. Optimization of magnesium therapy after severe diffuse axonal brain injury in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999;288:1311-1316.
    • (1999) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.288 , pp. 1311-1316
    • Heath, D.L.1    Vink, R.2
  • 14
    • 0029934333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of magnesium given 1 hour after head trauma on brain edema and neurological outcome
    • Feldman Z, Gurevitch B, Artru AA, et al. Effect of magnesium given 1 hour after head trauma on brain edema and neurological outcome. J Neurosurg 1996;85:131-137.
    • (1996) J Neurosurg , vol.85 , pp. 131-137
    • Feldman, Z.1    Gurevitch, B.2    Artru, A.A.3
  • 15
    • 0031564829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low levels of serum ionized magnesium are found in patients early after stroke which result in rapid elevation in cytosolic free calcium and spasm in cerebral vascular muscle cells
    • Altura BT, Memon ZI, Zhang A, et al. Low levels of serum ionized magnesium are found in patients early after stroke which result in rapid elevation in cytosolic free calcium and spasm in cerebral vascular muscle cells. Neurosci Lett 1997; 230:37-40.
    • (1997) Neurosci Lett , vol.230 , pp. 37-40
    • Altura, B.T.1    Memon, Z.I.2    Zhang, A.3
  • 18
    • 0023709380 scopus 로고
    • Changes in Mg++ concentration of CSF after subarachnoid hemorrhage and Mg++ - Effects on the contractions of bovine cerebral artery
    • Tokyo
    • Miura K. Changes in Mg++ concentration of CSF after subarachnoid hemorrhage and Mg++ - effects on the contractions of bovine cerebral artery. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 1988;16:1251-1259.
    • (1988) Neurol Med Chir , vol.16 , pp. 1251-1259
    • Miura, K.1
  • 19
    • 12444304183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of serum ionized magnesium in neurosurgical intensive care unit: Preliminary results
    • Kahraman SO, T. Kayali, H. Atabey, C. Kutluay, T. Timurkaynak, E. Monitoring of serum ionized magnesium in neurosurgical intensive care unit: preliminary results. Clin Chim Acta 2003;334:211-215.
    • (2003) Clin Chim Acta , vol.334 , pp. 211-215
    • Kahraman, S.O.1    Kayali, T.2    Atabey, H.3    Kutluay, C.4    Timurkaynak, T.5
  • 20
    • 0041665226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of magnesium in critically ill patients: A role in mitigating neurological injury and in the prevention of vasospasms
    • Polderman KH, van Zanten AR, Girbes AR. The importance of magnesium in critically ill patients: a role in mitigating neurological injury and in the prevention of vasospasms. Intensive Care Med 2003;29:1202-1203.
    • (2003) Intensive Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 1202-1203
    • Polderman, K.H.1    Van Zanten, A.R.2    Girbes, A.R.3
  • 21
    • 0031705667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid magnesium level as a prognostic factor in ischaemic stroke
    • Lampl Y, Geva, D, Dilad, R, Eshel, Y, Ronen, L, Sarova-Pinhas I. Cerebrospinal fluid magnesium level as a prognostic factor in ischaemic stroke. J Neurol 1998;245:584-588.
    • (1998) J Neurol , vol.245 , pp. 584-588
    • Lampl, Y.1    Geva, D.2    Dilad, R.3    Eshel, Y.4    Ronen, L.5    Sarova-Pinhas, I.6
  • 22
    • 0346726107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low serum magnesium predicts neurological events in patients with advanced atherosclerosis
    • Amighi J, Sabeti S, Schlager O, et al. Low serum magnesium predicts neurological events in patients with advanced atherosclerosis. Stroke 2004;35:22-27.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 22-27
    • Amighi, J.1    Sabeti, S.2    Schlager, O.3
  • 23
    • 0037025044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of magnesium sulfate on energy metabolites and glutamate in the cortex during focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in the gerbil monitored by a dual-probe microdialysis technique
    • Lin JY, Chung SY, Lin MC, Cheng FC. Effects of magnesium sulfate on energy metabolites and glutamate in the cortex during focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in the gerbil monitored by a dual-probe microdialysis technique. Life Sci 2002;71:803-811.
    • (2002) Life Sci , vol.71 , pp. 803-811
    • Lin, J.Y.1    Chung, S.Y.2    Lin, M.C.3    Cheng, F.C.4
  • 24
    • 0031594583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of MgSO4 and MgCl2 in closed head injury: A comparative phosphorus NMR study
    • Heath DL, Vink R. Neuroprotective effects of MgSO4 and MgCl2 in closed head injury: a comparative phosphorus NMR study. J Neurotraum 1998;15:183-189.
    • (1998) J Neurotraum , vol.15 , pp. 183-189
    • Heath, D.L.1    Vink, R.2
  • 25
    • 0027333284 scopus 로고
    • 31P-NMR study of transient ischemia in rat hippocampal slices in vitro
    • Schanne FA, Gupta RK, Stanton PK. 31P-NMR study of transient ischemia in rat hippocampal slices in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta 1993;1158:257-263.
    • (1993) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1158 , pp. 257-263
    • Schanne, F.A.1    Gupta, R.K.2    Stanton, P.K.3
  • 26
    • 0028180241 scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of MgSO4 infusion on NMDA receptor binding characteristics during cerebral cortical hypoxia in the newborn piglet
    • Hoffman DJ, Marro PJ, McGowan JE, Mishra OP, Delivoria-Papadopoulos M. Protective effect of MgSO4 infusion on NMDA receptor binding characteristics during cerebral cortical hypoxia in the newborn piglet. Brain Res 1994;644:144-149.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.644 , pp. 144-149
    • Hoffman, D.J.1    Marro, P.J.2    McGowan, J.E.3    Mishra, O.P.4    Delivoria-Papadopoulos, M.5
  • 27
    • 0037426714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium attenuates persistent functional deficits following diffuse traumatic brain injury in rats
    • Vink R OCC, Nimmo AJ, Heath DL. Magnesium attenuates persistent functional deficits following diffuse traumatic brain injury in rats. Neurosci Lett 2003;336:441-444.
    • (2003) Neurosci Lett , vol.336 , pp. 441-444
    • Vink, R.O.C.C.1    Nimmo, A.J.2    Heath, D.L.3
  • 28
    • 0024503446 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium protects against neurological deficit after brain injury
    • McIntosh TK, Vink R, Yamakami I, Faden AI. Magnesium protects against neurological deficit after brain injury. Brain Res 1989;482:252-260.
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.482 , pp. 252-260
    • McIntosh, T.K.1    Vink, R.2    Yamakami, I.3    Faden, A.I.4
  • 29
    • 0025923678 scopus 로고
    • Mg2+ administered up to twenty-four hours following reperfusion prevents ischemic damage of the Ca1 neurons in the rat hippocampus
    • Tsuda T, Kogure K, Nishioka K, Watanabe T. Mg2+ administered up to twenty-four hours following reperfusion prevents ischemic damage of the Ca1 neurons in the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 1991;44:335-341.
    • (1991) Neuroscience , vol.44 , pp. 335-341
    • Tsuda, T.1    Kogure, K.2    Nishioka, K.3    Watanabe, T.4
  • 30
    • 0025737646 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium sulfate reverses experimental delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
    • Ram Z, Sadeh M, Shacked I, Sahar A, Hadani M. Magnesium sulfate reverses experimental delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Stroke 1991;22:922-927.
    • (1991) Stroke , vol.22 , pp. 922-927
    • Ram, Z.1    Sadeh, M.2    Shacked, I.3    Sahar, A.4    Hadani, M.5
  • 31
    • 0035489362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium protection against in vitro cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage
    • Pyne GJ, Cadoux-Hudson TA, Clark JF. Magnesium protection against in vitro cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Br J Neurosurg 2001;15:409-415.
    • (2001) Br J Neurosurg , vol.15 , pp. 409-415
    • Pyne, G.J.1    Cadoux-Hudson, T.A.2    Clark, J.F.3
  • 32
    • 0027279240 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium sulphate reverses the carotid vasoconstriction caused by endothelin-1, angiotensin II and neuropeptide-Y, but not that caused by NG-nitro-arginine methyl ester, in conscious rats
    • Kemp P, Gardiner SM, Bennett T, Rubin PC. Magnesium sulphate reverses the carotid vasoconstriction caused by endothelin-1, angiotensin II and neuropeptide-Y, but not that caused by NG-nitro-arginine methyl ester, in conscious rats. Clin Sci 1993;85:175-181.
    • (1993) Clin Sci , vol.85 , pp. 175-181
    • Kemp, P.1    Gardiner, S.M.2    Bennett, T.3    Rubin, P.C.4
  • 34
    • 0036323873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of magnesium in the reduction of ischemic depolarization and lesion volume after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • van den Bergh WM, Zuur JK, Kamerling NA, et al. Role of magnesium in the reduction of ischemic depolarization and lesion volume after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2002;97:416-422.
    • (2002) J Neurosurg , vol.97 , pp. 416-422
    • Van Den Bergh, W.M.1    Zuur, J.K.2    Kamerling, N.A.3
  • 35
    • 0025039488 scopus 로고
    • Effects of magnesium sulfate and nifedipine on regional cerebral blood flow during middle cerebral artery ligation in the rat
    • Chi OZ, Pollak P, Weiss HR. Effects of magnesium sulfate and nifedipine on regional cerebral blood flow during middle cerebral artery ligation in the rat. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1990;304:196-205.
    • (1990) Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther , vol.304 , pp. 196-205
    • Chi, O.Z.1    Pollak, P.2    Weiss, H.R.3
  • 36
    • 0026091467 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of infarct volume by magnesium after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
    • Izumi Y, Roussel S, Pinard E, Seylaz J. Reduction of infarct volume by magnesium after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1991;11:1025-1030.
    • (1991) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.11 , pp. 1025-1030
    • Izumi, Y.1    Roussel, S.2    Pinard, E.3    Seylaz, J.4
  • 37
    • 0034640147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival and histological evaluation of therapeutic window of post-ischemia treatment with magnesium sulfate in embolic stroke model of rat
    • Yang Y, Li Q, Ahmad F, Shuaib A. Survival and histological evaluation of therapeutic window of post-ischemia treatment with magnesium sulfate in embolic stroke model of rat. Neurosci Lett 2000;285:119-122.
    • (2000) Neurosci Lett , vol.285 , pp. 119-122
    • Yang, Y.1    Li, Q.2    Ahmad, F.3    Shuaib, A.4
  • 38
    • 2342535001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prehospital neuroprotective therapy for acute stroke: Results of the Field Administration of Stroke Therapy (FAST-MAG) pilot trial
    • Saver JL KC, Eckstein M, Starkman S; FAST-MAG Pilot Trial Investigators. Prehospital neuroprotective therapy for acute stroke: results of the Field Administration of Stroke Therapy (FAST-MAG) pilot trial. Stroke 2004;35:e106-e108.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35
    • Saver, J.L.K.C.1    Eckstein, M.2    Starkman, S.3
  • 39
    • 2942617065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium sulfate fails to reduce infarct volume following transient focal ischemia in rats
    • Zhu HD MR, Meloni B, Oltvolgyi C, Moore S, Majda B. Magnesium sulfate fails to reduce infarct volume following transient focal ischemia in rats. Neurosci Res 2004;49:347-353.
    • (2004) Neurosci Res , vol.49 , pp. 347-353
    • Zhu, H.D.M.R.1    Meloni, B.2    Oltvolgyi, C.3    Moore, S.4    Majda, B.5
  • 40
    • 0029991515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of preischemia intraarterial magnesium sulfate in reversible focal cerebral ischemia
    • Marinov MB, Harbaugh KS, Hoopes PJ, Pikus HJ, Harbaugh RE. Neuroprotective effects of preischemia intraarterial magnesium sulfate in reversible focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg 1996;85:117-124.
    • (1996) J Neurosurg , vol.85 , pp. 117-124
    • Marinov, M.B.1    Harbaugh, K.S.2    Hoopes, P.J.3    Pikus, H.J.4    Harbaugh, R.E.5
  • 41
    • 0037461613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia
    • Greene MF. Magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia. N Engl J Med 2003;348:275-276.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 275-276
    • Greene, M.F.1
  • 42
    • 0029049053 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of magnesium sulfate with phenytoin for the prevention of eclampsia
    • Lucas MJ, Leveno KJ, Cunningham, FG. A comparison of magnesium sulfate with phenytoin for the prevention of eclampsia. N Engl J Med 1995;333:201-205.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 201-205
    • Lucas, M.J.1    Leveno, K.J.2    Cunningham, F.G.3
  • 43
    • 0037461606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia
    • Belfort MA, Anthony J, Saade GR, Allen JC Jr., Nimodipine Study Group. A comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia. N Engl J Med 2003;348:304-311.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 304-311
    • Belfort, M.A.1    Anthony, J.2    Saade, G.R.3    Allen Jr., J.C.4
  • 44
    • 0026799381 scopus 로고
    • Effect of magnesium sulfate on maternal brain blood flow in preeclampsia: A randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Belfort MA, Moise KJ Jr. Effect of magnesium sulfate on maternal brain blood flow in preeclampsia: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:661-666.
    • (1992) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.167 , pp. 661-666
    • Belfort, M.A.1    Moise Jr., K.J.2
  • 45
    • 0029067191 scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of intravenous magnesium sulfate in acute stroke
    • Muir KW, Lees KR. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of intravenous magnesium sulfate in acute stroke. Stroke 1995;26:1183-1188.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 1183-1188
    • Muir, K.W.1    Lees, K.R.2
  • 46
    • 0035118043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate in acute stroke: A randomized double-blind study
    • Lampl Y, Gilad R, Geva D, Eshel Y, Sadeh M. Intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate in acute stroke: a randomized double-blind study. Clin Neuropharmacol 2001;24:11-15.
    • (2001) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.24 , pp. 11-15
    • Lampl, Y.1    Gilad, R.2    Geva, D.3    Eshel, Y.4    Sadeh, M.5
  • 47
    • 0034521189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium sulfate in the management of patients with Fisher Grade 3 subarachnoid hemorrhage: A pilot study
    • Boet R, Mee E. Magnesium sulfate in the management of patients with Fisher Grade 3 subarachnoid hemorrhage: a pilot study. Neurosurgery 2000;47:602-606.
    • (2000) Neurosurgery , vol.47 , pp. 602-606
    • Boet, R.1    Mee, E.2
  • 48
    • 0034952827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow velocity response to magnesium sulfate in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Brewer RP, Parra A, Lynch J, Chilukuri V, Borel CO. Cerebral blood flow velocity response to magnesium sulfate in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2001;13:202-206.
    • (2001) J Neurosurg Anesthesiol , vol.13 , pp. 202-206
    • Brewer, R.P.1    Parra, A.2    Lynch, J.3    Chilukuri, V.4    Borel, C.O.5
  • 49
    • 18244400236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium Sulfate in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A randomized trial
    • van den Bergh WM, Algra A, van Kooten F, et al. Magnesium Sulfate in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized trial. Stroke 2005;36:1011-1015.
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , pp. 1011-1015
    • Van Den Bergh, W.M.1    Algra, A.2    Van Kooten, F.3
  • 50
    • 0042623395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of magnesium-lidocaine combination for severe head injury: The Turin liodomag pilot study
    • Canavero S BV, Narcisi P. Safety of magnesium-lidocaine combination for severe head injury: the Turin liodomag pilot study. Surg Neurol 2003;60:165-169.
    • (2003) Surg Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 165-169
    • Canavero, S.B.V.1    Narcisi, P.2
  • 51
    • 0026071716 scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute hypermagnesemia on the threshold for lidocaine-induced seizures in the rat
    • Choi WW, Warner DS, Monahan DJ, Todd MM. Effects of acute hypermagnesemia on the threshold for lidocaine-induced seizures in the rat. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;164: 693-697.
    • (1991) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.164 , pp. 693-697
    • Choi, W.W.1    Warner, D.S.2    Monahan, D.J.3    Todd, M.M.4
  • 52
    • 0006818846 scopus 로고
    • The magnesium content of the cerebro-spinal fluid and other body fluids
    • Cohen H The magnesium content of the cerebro-spinal fluid and other body fluids. Q J Med 1927;20:173-186.
    • (1927) Q J Med , vol.20 , pp. 173-186
    • Cohen, H.1
  • 53
    • 0013992823 scopus 로고
    • Failure to anesthetize human subjects by intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate
    • Somjen G, Hilmy M, Stephen CR. Failure to anesthetize human subjects by intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1966;154:652-659.
    • (1966) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.154 , pp. 652-659
    • Somjen, G.1    Hilmy, M.2    Stephen, C.R.3
  • 54
    • 0034843310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium sulfate does not reduce postoperative analgesic requirements
    • Ko SH, Lim HR, Kim DC, Han YJ, Choe H, Song HS. Magnesium sulfate does not reduce postoperative analgesic requirements. Anesthesiology 2001;95:640-646.
    • (2001) Anesthesiology , vol.95 , pp. 640-646
    • Ko, S.H.1    Lim, H.R.2    Kim, D.C.3    Han, Y.J.4    Choe, H.5    Song, H.S.6
  • 55
    • 0023549341 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid levels of magnesium in patients with preeclampsia after treatment with intravenous magnesium sulfate: A preliminary report
    • Thurnau GR, Kemp DB, Jarvis A. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of magnesium in patients with preeclampsia after treatment with intravenous magnesium sulfate: a preliminary report. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987;157:1435-1438.
    • (1987) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.157 , pp. 1435-1438
    • Thurnau, G.R.1    Kemp, D.B.2    Jarvis, A.3
  • 56
    • 0030722967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid passage of intravenous magnesium sulfate in neurosurgical patients
    • Fuchs-Buder T, Tramer MR, Tassonyi E. Cerebrospinal fluid passage of intravenous magnesium sulfate in neurosurgical patients. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 1997;9:324-328.
    • (1997) J Neurosurg Anesthesiol , vol.9 , pp. 324-328
    • Fuchs-Buder, T.1    Tramer, M.R.2    Tassonyi, E.3
  • 57
    • 0035199320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous magnesium sulfate does not increase ventricular CSF ionized magnesium concentration of patients with intracranial hypertension
    • Brewer RP, Parra A, Borel CO, Hopkins MB, Reynolds JD. Intravenous magnesium sulfate does not increase ventricular CSF ionized magnesium concentration of patients with intracranial hypertension. Clin Neuropharmacol 2001;24:341-345.
    • (2001) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.24 , pp. 341-345
    • Brewer, R.P.1    Parra, A.2    Borel, C.O.3    Hopkins, M.B.4    Reynolds, J.D.5
  • 58
    • 14944367576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the brain bioavailability of peripherally administered MgSO4: A study in humans with acute brain injury undergoing prolonged induced hypermagnesemia
    • McKee JA, Brewer RP, Macy GE, et al. Analysis of the brain bioavailability of peripherally administered MgSO4: a study in humans with acute brain injury undergoing prolonged induced hypermagnesemia. Crit Care Med 2005;33:661-666.
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 661-666
    • McKee, J.A.1    Brewer, R.P.2    Macy, G.E.3
  • 59
    • 0026746093 scopus 로고
    • Blood-brain barrier permeability changes after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Germano A, d'Avella D, Cicciarello R, Hayes RL, Tomasello F. Blood-brain barrier permeability changes after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 1992;30:882-886.
    • (1992) Neurosurgery , vol.30 , pp. 882-886
    • Germano, A.1    D'Avella, D.2    Cicciarello, R.3    Hayes, R.L.4    Tomasello, F.5
  • 60
    • 0030836757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of transient focal ischemia on blood-brain barrier permeability in the rat: Correlation to cell injury
    • Berl
    • Albayrak S, Zhao Q, Siesjo BK, Smith ML. Effect of transient focal ischemia on blood-brain barrier permeability in the rat: correlation to cell injury. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1997;94: 158-163.
    • (1997) Acta Neuropathol , vol.94 , pp. 158-163
    • Albayrak, S.1    Zhao, Q.2    Siesjo, B.K.3    Smith, M.L.4
  • 61
    • 0025654028 scopus 로고
    • Extravasation of albumin in ischaemic brain oedema
    • Wien
    • Menzies SA, Hoff JT, Betz AL. Extravasation of albumin in ischaemic brain oedema. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1990;51:220-222.
    • (1990) Acta Neurochir , vol.51 , pp. 220-222
    • Menzies, S.A.1    Hoff, J.T.2    Betz, A.L.3
  • 62
    • 0033838159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of proteins from human cerebrospinal fluid, separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
    • Sickmann A. Identification of proteins from human cerebrospinal fluid, separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2000;21:2721-2728.
    • (2000) Electrophoresis , vol.21 , pp. 2721-2728
    • Sickmann, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.