Asymmetric interference in implicit memory: Effects of study-test awareness and stimulus order

American Journal of Psychology

Volumn 117, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 43-64

  Pilotti, Maura ^a   Chodorow, Martin ^b   Tan, Jocelyn ^b  

^a DOWLING COLLEGE   (United States)

^b CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 2342647485     PISSN: 00029556     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1423595     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Anderson,M.C., & Neely,J.H. (1996). Interference and inhibition in memory retrieval. InE.L. Bjork & R.A. Bjork (Eds.), Memory (pp. 237-313). San Diego: Academic Press.
2. Chialant,D., & Caramazza,A. (1997). Identity and similarity factors in repetition blindness: Implications for lexical processing. Cognition, 63, 79-119.
3. Colombo,L. (1986). Activation and inhibition with orthographically similar words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 12, 226-234.
4. Graf,P., & Schacter,D.L. (1987). Selective effects of interference on implicit and explicit memory for new associations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13, 45-53.
5. Jacoby,L.L. (1983). Perceptual enhancement: Persistent effects of an experience. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 9, 21-38.
6. Jacoby,L.L., Hessels,S., & Bopp,K. (2001). Proactive and retroactive effects in memory performance: Dissociating recollection and accessibility bias. InH.R. Roediger & J.S. Nairne (Eds.), The nature of remembering: Essays in honor of Robert G. Crowder (pp. 35-54). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
7. Johnson,N.F. (1986). On looking at letters within words: Do we "see" them in memory? Journal of Memory and Language, 25, 558-570.
8. Johnson,N.F., & Carnot,M.J. (1990). On time differences in searching for letters in words and nonwords: Do they emerge during the initial encoding or the subsequent scan? Memory & Cognition, 18, 31-39.
9. Kinoshita,S. (2001). The role of involuntary aware memory in implicit stem and fragment completion tasks: A selective review. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8, 58-69.
10. Kinoshita,S., & Towgood,K. (2001). Effects of dividing attention on the memory-block effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27, 889-895.
11. Kinsbourne,M., & Winocur,G. (1980). Response competition and interference effects in paired-associate learning by Korsakoff amnesics. Neuropsychologia, 18, 541-548.
12. Koster,E.P., Degel,J., & Piper,D. (2002), Proactive and retroactive interference in implicit odor memory. Chemical Senses, 27, 191-206.
13. Lustig,C., & Hasher,L. (2001). Implicit memory is vulnerable to proactive interference. Psychological Science, 12, 408-412.
14. Mace,J.H. (2003). Study-test awareness can enhance priming on an implicit memory task: Evidence from a word completion task. American Journal of Psychology, 116(2), 257-279.
15. Martens,S., & Wolters,G. (2002). Interference in implicit memory caused by processing of interpolated material. American Journal of Psychology, 115(2), 169-185.
16. Masson,M.E.J. (2002). Bias in masked word identification: Unconscious influences of repetition priming. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 773-779.
17. Mayes,A.A., Pickering,A., & Fairbairn,A. (1987). Amnesic sensitivity to proactive interference: Its relationship to priming and the causes of amnesia. Neuropsychologia, 25, 211-220.
18. Moscovitch,M. (1992). Memory and working with memory: A component process model based on modules and central systems. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 4, 257-267.
19. Moscovitch,M. (1994). Memory and working with memory: Evaluation of a component process model and comparisons with other models. InD.L. Schacter & E. Tulving (Eds.), Memory systems 1994 (pp. 269-310). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
20. Nelson,D.L., Keelean,P.D., & Negrao,M. (1989). Word-fragment cuing: The lexical search hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 388-397.
21. Postman,L., & Underwood,B.J. (1973), Critical issues in interference theory. Memory & Cognition, 1, 19-40.
22. Ratcliff,R., McKoon,G., & Verwoerd,M. (1989). A bias interpretation of facilitation in perceptual identification. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 378-387.
23. Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1993). Implicit memory in normal human subjects. In F. Boiler & J. Grafman (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology (Vol. 8, pp. 63-131). New York: Elsevier.
24. Schacter, D. L., Bowers, J., & Booker, J. (1989). Intention, awareness, and implicit memory: The retrieval intentionality criterion. In S. Lewandowsky, J. C. Dunn, & K. Kirsner (Eds.), Implicit memory: Theoretical issues (pp. 47-66). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
25. Sloman, S. A., Hayman, C. G., Ohta, N., Law, J., & Tulving, E. (1988). Forgetting in primed fragment completion, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 14, 223-239.
26. Smith, S. M., & Tindell, D. R. (1997). Memory blocks in word fragment completion caused by involuntary retrieval of orthographic related primes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 355-370.
27. Tulving, E., & Schacter, D. L. (1990). Priming and human memory systems. Science, 247, 301-306.
28. Winocur, G., Moscovitch, M., & Bruni, J. (1996). Heightened interference in implicit, but not explicit, tests of negative transfer: Evidence from patients with unilateral temporal lobe lesions and normal old people. Brain and Cognition, 30, 44-58.
29. Winocur, G., & Weiskrantz, L. (1976). An investigation of paired-associate learning in amnesic patients. Neuropsychologia, 14, 97-110.