The "normal" endocrine cell of the gut: Changing concepts and new evidences

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 1014, Issue , 2004, Pages 1-12

  Rindi, Guido ^a   Leiter, Andrew B ^b   Kopin, Alan S ^b   Bordi, Cesare ^a   Solcia, Enrico ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PARMA   (Italy)

^b TUFTS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Electron microscopy; Endocrine cells; Gut; Hormones; Immunohistochemistry; KO; Transgenic mice

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CHOLECYSTOKININ; CHROMOGRANIN A; ENOLASE; GASTRIN; GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONE; GENE PRODUCT; GHRELIN; GLUCAGON; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE; INSULIN; MOTILIN; NEUROTENSIN; PANCREAS POLYPEPTIDE; SECRETIN; SEROTONIN; SOMATOSTATIN; SYNAPTOPHYSIN;

CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL FUNCTION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL STIMULATION; CELL SUBPOPULATION; CELL TYPE; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; CYTOSOL; DATA ANALYSIS; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ENDOCRINE CELL; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; GENETIC MANIPULATION; HOMEOSTASIS; HORMONE SYNTHESIS; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INTESTINE; MUCOSA CELL; NONHUMAN; PHYSIOLOGY; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEIN DETERMINATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; TISSUE SPECIFICITY; TRANSGENIC MOUSE;

MUS MUSCULUS;

EID: 2342606044     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1294.001     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. HEIDENHAIN, R. Unterschunger über den Bau der Labdrüser. Ark. Mikrosk. Anat. 6: 368-406.
2. NICOLAS, A. 1891. Recherches sur l'épithélium de l'intestine grele. Int. Mschr. Anat. Physiol. 8: 1-8.
3. KULTSCHITZKY, N. 1897. Zur Frage über den Bau des Darmcanals. Arch. Mikrosk. Anat. 49: 7-35.
4. SCHMIDT, J.E. 1905. Beiträge zur normalen und patologischen Histologie eininger Zellarten der Schleimhaut des menschlichen Darm-Kanals. Arch. Mikrosk. Anat. 66: 12-40.
5. CIACCIO, C. 1907. Sopra speciali cellule granulose della mucosa intestinale. Arch. Ital. Ana. Embriol. 6: 482.
6. BAYLISS, W.M. & E.H. STARLING. 1902. The mechanism of pancreatic secretion. J. Physiol. 28: 325-353.
7. BAYLISS, W.M. & E.H. STARLING. 1902. On the causation of the so-called peripheral reflex secretion of the pancreas. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 69: 352-353.
8. FEYRTER, F. 1938. Über diffuse endokrine epitheliale Organe. Liepzig Zentr. Inn. Mediz. 29: 545-571.
9. MASSON, P. 1914. La glande endocrine del'intestin chez l'homme. Compt. Rend. Hebdom. Seances Acad. Sci. 158: 52-61.
10. FEYRTER, F. 1953. Über die peripheral endockrinen (parakrinen) Druesen des Menschen. Wien, Düsseldorf. Maudrich W.
11. PEARSE, A.G.E. 1966. Common cytochemical properties of cells producing polypeptide hormones, with particular reference to calcitonin and C-cells. Vet. Rec. 79: 303-313.
12. ERSPAMER, V. & B. ASERO. 1952. Identification of enteramine, the specific hormone of the enterochromaffin cell system, as 5-hydroxytryptamine. Nature 169: 800-801.
13. PEARSE, A.G.E 1969. The cytochemistry and ultrastructure of polypeptide-hormone producing cells of the APUD series and the embryologic, physiologic and pathologic implication of the concept. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 17: 303-313.
14. PICTET, R.L., L.B. RALL, P. PHELPS & W.J. RUTTER. 1976. The neural crest and the origin of the insulin-producing and other gastrointestinal hormone-producing cells. Science 191: 191-192.
15. ÖBERENDORFER, S. 1907. Karzinoide tumoren des Dünndarms. Frankfurt Pathol. 1: 426-432.
16. MASSON, P. 1928. Carcinoid (argentaffin-cell tumors) and nerve hyperplasia of the appendicular mucosa. Am. J. Pathol. 4: 181-212.
17. REHFELD, J.F. 1998. The new biology of gastrointestinal hormones. Physiol. Rev. 78: 1087-1108.
18. SOLCIA, E., C. CAPELLA, R. FIOCCA, et al. 1998. Disorders of the endocrine system. In Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. S.C. Ming & H. Goldman, Eds. :295-322. Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia.
19. WiEDENMANN, B., M. JOHN, G. AHNERT-HILGER & E.O. RIECKEN. 1998. Molecular and cell biological aspects of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic system. J. Mol. Med. 76: 637-647.
20. BISHOP, A.E., R.F. POWER & J.M. POLAK. 1988. Markers for neuroendocrine differentiation. Pathol. Res. Pract. 183: 119-112.
21. GRIMELIUS, L. 1968. A silver nitrate stain for a2 cells in human pancreatic islets. Acta Soc. Med. Upsal. 73: 243-270.
22. SOLCIA, E., C. CAPELLA & G. VASSALLO. 1969. Lead-haematoxylin as a stain for endocrine cells. Significance of staining and comparison with other selective methods. Histochemie 20: 116-126.
23. BISHOP, A.E., J.M POLAK, P. FACER, et al. 1982. Neuron specific enolase: a common marker for the endocrine cells and innervation of the gut and pancreas. Gastroenterology 83: 902-915.
24. LLOYD, R.V. & B.S. WILSON. 1983. Specific endocrine tissue marker defined by a monoclonal antibody. Science 222: 628-630.
25. RODE, J., A.P. DHILLON, J.F. DORAN, et al. 1985. PGP 9.5, a new marker for human neuroendocrine tumours. Histopathology 9: 147-158.
26. RINDI, G., R. BUFFA, F. SESSA, et al. 1986. Chromogranin A, B and C immunoreactivities of mammalian endocrine cells. Distribution, distinction from costored hormones/ prohormones and relationship with the argyrophil component of secretory granules. Histochemistry 85: 19-28.
27. WIEDENMANN, B., W.W. FRANKE, C. KUHN, et al. 1986. Synaptophysin: a marker protein for neuroendocrine cells and neoplasms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 83: 3500-3504.
28. WILKINSON, K.D., K.M. LEE, S. DESPHANDE, et al. 1989. The neuron-specific protein PGP 9.5 is a ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase. Science 246: 670-673.
29. ERICKSON, J.D., M.K. SCHAFER, T.I. BONNER, et al. 1996. Distinct pharmacological properties and distribution in neurons and endocrine cells of two isoforms of the human vesicular monoamine transporter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 5166-5171.
30. DIMALINE, R.N. & J. STRUTHERS. 1996. Expression and regulation of a vescicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) in rat stomach: a putative histamine transporter. J. Physiol. 490: 249-256.
31. KOLBY, L., B. WANGBERG, H. AHLMAN, et al. 1998. Gastric carcipoid with histamine production, histamine transporter and expression of somatostatin receptors. Digestion 59: 160-166.
32. RINDI, G., D. PAOLOTTI, R. FIOCCA, et al. 2000. Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 as a marker of gastric enterochromaffin-like cell tumors. Virchows Arch. 436: 217-223.
33. JAKOBSEN, A.M., P. ANDERSSON, G. SAGLIK, et al. 2001, Differential expression of vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) 1 and 2 in gastrointestinal endocrine tumours. J. Pathol. 195: 463-472.
34. JAKOBSEN, A.M., H. AHLMAN, B. WANGBERG, et al. 2002. Expression of synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) in neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. J. Pathol. 196: 44-50.
35. JAKOBSEN, A.M., H. AHLMAN, L. KOLBY, et al. 2003. NESP55, a novel chromogranin-like peptide, is expressed in endocrine tumours of the pancreas and adrenal medulla but not in ileal carcinoids. Br. J. Cancer 88: 1746-1754.
36. JIN, L., J.J. HEMPERLY & R.V. LLOYD. 1991. Expression of neural cell adhesion molecule in normal and neoplastic human neuroendocrine tissues. Am. J. Pathol. 138: 961-969.
37. KOMMINOTH, P., J. ROTH, P.M. LACKIE, et al. 1991. Polysialic acid of the neural cell adhesion molecule distinguishes small cell lung carcinoma from carcinoids. Am. J. Pathol. 139: 297-304.
38. LANTUEJOUL, S., D. MORO, R.J. MICHALIDES, et al. 1998. Neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) and NCAM-PSA expression in neuroendocrine lung tumors. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 22: 1267-1276.
39. SOLCIA, E., C. CAPELLA, G. VASSALLO & R. BUFFA. 1975. Endocrine cells of the gastric mucosa. Int. Rev. Cytol. 42: 223-286.
40. SOLCIA, E., C. CAPELLA, R. BUFFA, et al. 1986. Endocrine cells of the digestive system. In Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. L.R. Johnson, Ed. :401-420. Raven Press. New York.
41. ANLAUF, M., E. WEIHE, W. HARTSCHUH, et al. 2000. Localization of xenin-immunoreactive cells in the duodenal mucosa of humans and various mammals. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 48: 1617-1626.
42. RINDI, G., V. NECCHI, A. SAVIO, et al. 2002. Characterisation of gastric ghrelin cells in man and other mammals: studies in adult and fetal tissues. Histochem. Cell Biol. 117: 511-519.
43. TOMASETTO, C., S.M. KARAM, S. RIBIERAS, et al. 2000. Identification and characterization of a novel gastric peptide hormone: the motilin-related peptide. Gastroenterology 119: 395-4057
44. DATE, Y., M. KOJIMA, H. HOSODA, et al. 2000. Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide, is synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans. Endocrinology 141: 4255-4261.
45. SIMONSSON, M., S. ERIKSSON, R. HAKANSON, et al. 1988. Endocrine cells in the human oxyntic mucosa. A histochemical study. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 23: 1089-1099.
46. BARRETT, P., R.C. HOBBS, P.J. COATES, et al. 1995. Endocrine cells of the human gastrointestinal tract have no proliferative capacity. Histochem. J. 27: 482-486.
47. WALSH, J.H. 1994. Gastrin. In Gut Peptides. J.H. Walsh & G.J. Dockray, Eds. :75-121. Raven Press. New York.
48. DORNONVILLE DE LA COUR, C., M. BJÖRKVIST, A.K. SANDVIK, et al. 2001. A-like cells in the rat stoamch contain ghrelin and do not operate under gastrin control. Regul. Pept. 99: 141-150.
49. KARAM, S. & C.P. LEBLOND. 1995. Origin and migratory pathways of the eleven epithelial cell types present in the body of the mouse stomach. Microsc. Res. Tech. 31: 193-214.
50. LANGHANS, N., G. RINDI, M. CHIU, et al. 1997. Abnormal gastric histology and decreased acid production in cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor-deficient mice. Gastroenterology 112: 280-286.
51. RINDI, G., N. LANGHANS, J.F. REHFELD, et al. 1998. Abnormal gastric morphology and function in CCK-B/gastrin receptor-deficient mice. Yale J. Biol. Med. 71: 347-354.
52. CHEN, D., C.M. ZHAO, W. AL-HAIDER, et al. 2002. Differentiation of gastric ECL cells is altered in CCK(2) receptor-deficient mice. Gastroenterology 123: 577-585.
53. MILLER, R.R. & H.W. SUMNER. 1982. Argyrophilic cell hyperplasia and an atypical carcinoid tumor in chronic ulcerative colitis. Cancer 50: 2920-2925.
54. GLEDHILL, A., M.E. ENTICOTT & S. HOWE. 1986. Variation in the argyrophil cell population of the rectum in ulcerative colitis and adenocarcinoma. J. Pathol. 149: 287-291.
55. BISHOP, A.E., R. PIETROLETTI, C.W. TAAT, et al. 1987. Increased populations of endocrine cells in Crohn's ileitis. Virchows Arch. A. Pathol. Anat. Histopathol. 410: 391-396.
56. DRUCKER, D.J. 2002. Gut adaptation and the glucagon-like peptides. Gut 50: 428-435.
57. RINDI, G., C. RATINEAU, A. RONCO, et al. 1999. Targeted ablation of secretin-producing cells in transgenic mice reveals a common differentiation pathway with multiple enteroendocrine cell lineages in the small intestine. Development 126: 4149-4156.
58. CHENG, H. & C.P. LEBLOND. 1974. Origin, differentiation and renewal of the four main epithelial cell types in the mouse small intestine. I. Columnar cell. Am. J. Anat. 141: 461-479.
59. UPCHURCH, B.H., B.P. FUNG, G. RINDI, et al. 1996. Peptide YY expression is an early event in colonic endocrine cell differentiation: evidence from normal and transgenic mice. Development 122: 1157-1163.
60. MILLS, J.C., N. ANDERSSON, C.V. HONG, et al. 2002. Molecular characterization of mouse gastric epithelial progenitor cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 14819-14824.
61. STAPPENBECK, T.S., J.C. MILLS & J.I. GORDON. 2003. Molecular features of adult mouse small intestinal epithelial progenitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 1004-1009.