Silvicultural effects on the productivity and wood quality of eucalypt plantations

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 193, Issue 1-2, 2004, Pages 45-61

  De Moraes Gonçalves, Jose Leonardo ^a   Stape, Jose Luiz ^a   Laclau, Jean Paul ^b   Smethurst, Philip ^c   Gava, José Luis ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^b CIRAD   (France)

^c CSIRO   (Australia)

^d NSK Brasil Ltd   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Plantation; Productivity; Silvicultural effects

Indexed keywords

FERTILIZERS; PHYSIOLOGY; WEED CONTROL;

EUCALYPTUS PLANTATIONS;

WOOD;

PLANTATION FORESTRY; PRODUCTIVITY; SILVICULTURE; WOOD QUALITY;

FERTILIZERS; PHYSIOLOGY; SILVICULTURE; WEED CONTROL; WOOD;

EID: 2342537247     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.022     Document Type: Article

References (121)

1. Adams P.R., Beadle C.L., Mendham N.J., Smethurst P.J. The impact of timing and duration of grass control on growth of a young Eucalyptus globulus Labill plantation. New For. 26:2003;147-165
2. Anon, 2000. The future of Eucalypts for wood products. In: Proceedings of the IUFRO Conference. Launceston, Tasmania, Australia, 19-24 March 2000.
3. Attiwill, P.M., Adams, M.A. (Eds.), 1996. Nutrition of Eucalypts. CSIRO, Australia, 440 pp.
4. Barros, N.F., Neves, J.C.L., Novais, R.F., 2000. Recomendaçã o de fertilizantes minerais em plantios de eucalipto. In: Gonçalves, J.L.M., Benedetti, V. (Eds.), Nutrição e fertilização florestal. Piracicaba, IPEF, pp. 269-286.
5. Barros, N.F., Novais, R.F., Neves, J.C.L., 1990. Fertilizaçã o e correção do solo para o plantio de eucalipto. In: Barros, N.F., Novais, R.F. (Eds.), Relação Solo-Eucalipto. Ed. Folha de Viçosa, Viçosa, pp. 127-186.
6. Barros N.F., Novais R.F., Neves J.C.L., Leal P.G.L. Fertilizing eucalypt plantations on the Brazilian savannah soils. S. Afr. For. J. 160:1992;7-12
7. Barros, N.F., Novais, R.F., 1996. Eucalypt nutrition and ferilizer regimes in Brazil. In: Attiwill, P.M., Adams, M.A. (Eds.), Nutrition of Eucalypts. CSIRO, Australia, pp. 335-355.
8. Battaglia M., Sands P.J. Process-based forest productivity models and their application in forest management. For. Ecol. Manage. 102:1998;13-32
9. Battaglia, M., Sands, P.J., White, D., Mummery, D., this volume. CABALA: a linked carbon, water and nitrogen model of forest growth for silvicultural decision support. For. Ecol. Manage.
10. Beadle C.L., Mummery D.C. Stand growth and development of leaf area index in young plantations of Eucalyptus nitens at 2 m × 2 m spacings. N. Z. For. Res. Inst. Bull. 151:1990;254-258
11. Beadle, C.L., Honeysett, J.L., Turnbull, C.R.A., White, D.A., 1995. Site limits to achieving genetic potential. In: Potts, B.M., Borralho, N.M.G., Reid, J.B., Cromer, R.N., Tibbits, W.N., Raymond, C.A. (Eds.), Eucalypt Plantations: Improving Fibre Yield and Quality. CRC for Temperate Hardwood Forestry, Hobart, pp. 325-330.
12. Beets, P.N., Terry, T., Manz, J., 1994. Management systems for sustainable productivity. In: Dyck, W.J., Cole, D.W., Comerford, N.B. (Eds.), Impacts of Forest Harvesting on Long-Term Site Productivity. Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 219-246.
13. Bennett L.T., Weston C.J., Attiwill P.M. Biomass, nutrient content and growth response to fertilisers of six-year-old Eucalyptus globulus plantations at three contrasting sites in Gippsland, Victoria. Aust. J. Bot. 45:1997;103-121
14. Bernardo A.L., Reis M.G.F., Reis G.G., Harrison R.B., Firme D.J. Effect of spacing on growth and biomass distribution in Eucalytpus camaldulensis, E. pellita and E. urophylla plantations in southeastern Brazil. For. Ecol. Manage. 104:1998;1-13
15. Binkley, D., Giardina, C., 1997. Biological nitrogen fixation in plantations. In: Nambiar, E.K.S., Brown, A. (Eds.), Management of Soil, Water, and Nutrients in Tropical Plantation Forests. ACIAR Monograph 43, Canberra, pp 297-337.
16. Binkley D., Giardina C., Bashkin M. Soil phosphorus pools and supply under the influence of Eucalyptus saligna and nitrogen-fixing Albizia falcataria. For. Ecol. Manage. 128:2000;241-247
17. Binkley, D., Stape, J.L., Ryan, M.G., this volume. Thinking about efficiency of resource use in forests. For. Ecol. Manage.
18. Bird P.R., Jowett D.W., Jackson T.T., Kearney G.A., Waters M.J., Measki B. Early growth responses of blue gums on the basaltic plains to ripping, mounding and fertiliser applications. Aust. J. Exp. Agr. 40:2000;987-994
19. Bouillet, J.P., Nzila, J.P., Laclau, J.P., Ranger, J., 2000. Effects of site management on Eucalyptus plantations on the equatorial zone, on the coastal plains of the Congo. In: Nambiar, E.K.S., Cossalter, C., Tiarks, A., Ranger, J. (Eds.), Proceedings of Workshop on Site Management and Productivity in Tropical Plantation Forests. Kerala, India, 7-11 December 1999. CIFOR, Bogor, pp. 11-20.
20. Bouvet, J.M., Bouillet, J.P., Vigneron, P., Ognouabi, N., 1999. Genetic and environmental effects on growth and wood basic density with two Eucalyptus hybrids. In: Proceedings of Congress on Connecting Between Silviculture and Wood Quality Through Modelling Approaches and Simulation Softwares. La Londe les Maures, France, 5-12 September.
21. Catchpoole, S.J., Downes, G., Read, S.M., 2000. The effect of salt on wood and fibre formation in eucalypts. RIRDC Publication 00/162, Australia.
22. Clutter, J.L., 1983. Timber Management: A Quantitative Approach. Wiley, New York, 250 pp.
23. Cromer, R.N., 1996. Silviculture of eucalypt plantations in Australia. In: Attiwill, P.M., Adams, M.A. (Eds.), Nutrition of Eucalypts. CSIRO, Australia, pp. 259-273.
24. Cromer R.N., Cameron D.M., Rance S.J., Ryan P.A., Brown M. Response to nutrients in Eucalyptus grandis. 1. Biomass accumulation. For. Ecol. Manage. 62:1993;211-230
25. Cromer, R.N., Smethurst, P., Turnbull, C., Misra, R., LaSala, A., Herbert, A., Dimsey, L., 1995 Early growth of Eucalyptus in Tasmania in relation to nutrition. In: Potts, B.M., Borralho, N.M.G., Reid, J.B., Cromer, R.N., Tibbits, W.N., Raymond, C.A. (Eds.), Eucalypt Plantations: Improving Fibre Yield and Quality. CRC for Temperate Hardwood Forestry, Hobart, pp. 331-335.
26. Debell D.S., Cole T.G., Whitesell C.D. Growth, development, and yield of pure and mixed stands of Eucalyptus and Albizia. For. Sci. 43:1997;286-298
27. Debell D.S., Keyes C.R., Gartner B.L. Wood density of Eucalyptus saligna grown in Hawaiian plantations: effects of silvicultural practices and relation to growth rate. Aust. For. 64:2001;106-110
28. Dell, B., Malajczuk, N., Grove, T.S., 1995. Nutrient Disorders in Plantation Eucalypts. Australian Centre for International Agriculture Research, Canberra, Australia, 104 pp.
29. Donnelly, R., Flynn, R., Shield, E., 2003. The Global Eucalyptus Wood Industry: A Progress Report on Achieving Higher Value Utilization. Dana, New Zealand.
30. Downes G.M., Beadle C., Worledge D. Daily stem growth patterns in irrigated Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens in relation to climate. Trees. 14:1999;102-111
31. Downes G.M., Wimmer R., Evans R. Understanding wood formation: gains to commercial forestry through tree-ring research. Dendrochronologia. 20:2002;37-51
32. Fisher, R.F., Binkley, D., 2000. Ecology and Management of Forest Soils, third ed. Wiley, 489 pp.
33. Gava J.L. Efeito da adubação potássica em plantios de E. grandis conduzidos em segunda rotação em solos com diferentes teores de potásssio trocável. Série Técnica, Piracicaba. IPEF. 11:1997;89-94
34. Gava, J.L., 2002. Cultivo mínimo em solos de textura arenosa e média: áreas planas e suave onduladas. In: Gonçalves, J.L.M., Stape, J.L. (Eds.), Conservação e cultivo de solos para plantações florestais. Piracicaba, IPEF, pp. 221-244.
35. Gerrand A.M., Neilsen W.A. Comparing square and rectangular spacings in Eucalyptus nitens using a Scotch plaid design. For. Ecol. Manage. 129:2000;1-6
36. Gonçalves, J.L.M., 2002. Conservação de solos. In: Gonçalves, J.L.M., Stape, J.L. (Eds.), Conservação e cultivo de solos para plantações florestais. Piracicaba, IPEF, pp. 47-129.
37. Gonçalves J.L.M., Barros N.F. Improvement of site productivity for short-rotation plantations in Brazil. Bosque. 20:1999;89-106
38. Gonçalves, J.L.M., Barros, N.F., Nambiar, E.K.S., Novais, R.F., 1997. Soil and stand management for short-rotation plantations In: Nambiar, E.K.S., Brown, A.G. (Eds.), Management of Soil, Water, and Nutrients in Tropical Plantation Forests. ACIAR Monograph 43, Canberra, pp. 379-418.
39. Gonçalves J.L.M., Mendes K.C.F.S., Sasaki C.M. Mineralização de nitrogênio em ecossistemas florestais naturais e implantados do estado de São Paulo. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. 25:2001;601-616
40. Gonçalves, J.L.M., Raij, B.V., Gonçalves, J.C., 1996. In: Raij, B.V., Cantarella, H., Quaggio, J.A., Furlani, A.M.C. (Eds.), Recomendações de adubação e calagem para o Estado de São Paulo. Campinas, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas & Fundação IAC. Segunda Edição, pp. 245-259.
41. Gonçalves, J.L.M., Serrano, M.I.P.S., Mendes, K.C.F.S., Gava, J.L., 2000a. Effects of site management in a Eucalyptus grandis plantation in the humid tropics: São Paulo, Brazil. In: Nambiar, E.K.S., Cossalter, C., Tiarks, A., Ranger, J. (Eds.), Proceedings of Workshop on Site Management and Productivity in Tropical Plantation Forests. Kerala, India, 7-11 December 1999. CIFOR, Bogor, pp. 3-9.
42. Gonçalves, J.L.M., Stape, J.L., Benedetti, V., Fessel, V.A.G, Gava, J.L., 2000b. Reflexos do cultivo mínimo e intensivo do solo em sua fertilidade e nutrição das árvores. In: Gonçalves, J.L.M., Benedetti, V. (Eds.), Nutrição e fertilização florestal. Piracicaba, IPEF, pp. 1-57.
43. Gonçalves, J.L.M., Stape, J.L., Wichert, M.C.P., Gava, J.L., 2002. Manejo de resíduos vegetais e preparo de solo. In: Gonçalves, J.L.M., Stape, J.L. (Eds.), Conservação e cultivo de solos para plantações florestais. Piracicaba, IPEF, pp. 131-204.
44. Gonçalves, J.L.M., Valeri, S.V., 2001. Eucalipto e pinus. In: Ferreira, M.E., Cruz, M.C.P., Raij, B., Abreu, C.A. (Eds.), Micronutrientes: elementos tóxicos na agricultura. Jaboticabal. CNPq/FAPESP/PATAFOS, pp. 393-423.
45. Grove, T.S., Thomson, B.D., Malajczuk, N., 1996. Nutrition physiology of eucalypts: uptake, distribution and utilization. In: Attiwill, P.M., Adams, M.A. (Eds.), Nutrition of Eucalypts. CSIRO, Australia, pp. 77-108.
46. Herbert, M.A., 1996. Fertilizers and eucalypt plantations in South Africa. In: Attiwill, P.M., Adams, M.A. (Eds.), Nutrition of Eucalypts. CSIRO, Australia, pp. 303-325.
47. Herbert M.A., Schönau A.P.G. Fertilising commercial forest species in Southern Africa: research progress and problems (part 1). S. Afr. For. J. 151:1989;58-70
48. Herbert M.A., Schönau A.P.G. Fertilising commercial forest species in Southern Africa: research progress and problems (part 2). S. Afr. For. J. 152:1990;34-42
49. Holz, G.K., Smethurst, P.J., Pongracic, S., 1999. Responses to cultivation in eucalypt tree-farms in south-eastern Australia. In: Ellis R.C., Smethurst, P.J. (Eds.), Practising Forestry Today. Proceedings of the 18th Biennial Conference of the Institute of Foresters of Australia, pp. 161-164.
50. Kibblewhite R.P., Johnson B.I., Shelbourne C.J.A. Kraft pulp qualities of Eucalyptus nitens, E. globulus and E. maidenii, at ages 8 and 11 years. N. Z. J. For. Sci. 30:2000;447-457
51. Laclau, J.P., 2001. Dynamique du fonctionnement minéral d'une plantation d'Eucalyptus. Effets du reboisement sur un sol de savane du littoral congolais conséquences pour la gestion des plantations industrielles. D.Sc. Thesis. Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon, Paris, France, 148 pp.
52. Laclau, J.P., Toutain, F., Thongo, A., Arnaud, M., Joffre, R., Ranger, J., in press. The key function of the superficial root mat in the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients in Congolese Eucalyptus plantations. Ann. Bot.
53. Lacey S.T., Brennan P.D., Parekh J. Deep may not be meaningful: cost and effectiveness of various ripping tine configurations in a plantation cultivation trial in eastern Australia. New For. 21:2001;231-248
54. Lambert M.J., Turner J. Dieback in high site quality Pinus radiata stands - the role of sulphur and boron deficiencies. N. Z. J. For. Sci. 7:1977;333-348
55. Landsberg J.J., Waring R.H. A generalised model of forest productivity using simplified concepts of radiation-use efficiency, carbon balance and partitioning. For. Ecol. Manage. 95:1997;209-228
56. Landsberg J.J., Waring R.H., Coops N.C. Performance of the forest productivity model 3-PG applied to a wide range of forest types. For. Ecol. Manage. 172:2003;199-214
57. Little, K.M., 2002. The response of a Eucalyptus hybrid clone to weed control and burning. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Eucalyptus Plantations. Guangdong, PR China, 1-6 September, pp. 160-173.
58. Madeira M., Araújo M.C., Pereira J.S. Effects of water and nutrient supply on amount and on nutrient concentration of litterfall and forest floor litter in Eucalyptus globulus plantations. Plant Soil. 168-169:1995;287-295
59. Mäkelä A., Landsberg J., Ek A.R., Burk T.E., Ter-Mikaelian M., Agren G.I., Oliver C.D., Puttonen P. Process-based models for forest ecosystem management: current state of the art and challenges for practical implementation. Tree Physiol. 20:2000;289-298
60. McGill, W.B., Christie, E.K., 1983. Biogeochemical aspects of nutrient cycle interactions in soils and organisms. In: Bolin, B., Cook, R.B. (Eds.), The Major Biogeochemical Cycles and their Interactions. Wiley, New York, pp. 271-301.
61. McKenzie H.M., Turner J.C.P., Shelbourne C.J.A. Processing young plantation-grown Eucalyptus nitens for solid-wood products: 1. Individual-tree variation in quality and recovery of appearance-grade lumber and veneer. N. Z. J. For. Sci. 33:2003;62-78
62. Mendham D., Smethurst P., Holz G., Menary R., Grove T., Weston C., Baker T. Soil analyses as indicators of P status in young Eucalyptus nitens and E. globulus plantations. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 66:2002;959-968
63. Mendham, N., Baker, S., Dingle, J., Smethurst, P., Beadle, C., Neilsen, W., Borger, J. Adams, P., Holz, G., Barnes, C., Hetherington, S., Naughton, P., Appleton, R., 1999. Impact of competition from weeds on early growth of eucalypts and pines at five sites in Tasmania and Victoria. In: Ellis R.C., Smethurst, P.J. (Eds.), Practising Forestry Today. Proceedings of the 18th Biennial Conference of the Institute of Foresters of Australia, pp. 186-187.
64. Meskimen G., Franklin E.C. Spacing Eucalyptus grandis in southern Florida. South. J. Appl. For. 1:1978;3-5
65. Miller H.G. Forest fertilization: some guiding concepts. Forestry. 54:1981;154-167
66. Misra R.K. Maximum axial growth pressures of the lateral roots of pea and eucalypt. Plant Soil. 188:1997;161-170
67. Misra R.K., Gibbons A.K. Growth and morphology of eucalypt seedling-roots, in relation to soil strenght arising from compation. Plant Soil. 182:1996;1-11
68. Morais, E.J., Althoff, P., Oliveira, A.C., Costa, R.L., 1995. Estudos de boro na nutrição do eucalipto (resultados até 1995). Belo Horizonte, MG. Research Report of Mannesmann FI-EL Florestal, 41 pp.
69. Morris, J., Baker, T., 2002. Using a process-based forest model to estimate the potential productivity of Eucalyptus plantations in southern China. In: International Symposium on Eucalypt Plantations, Guangdong, PR China. Papers and Abstracts, pp. 14-24.
70. Mummery D., Battaglia M. Applying PROMOD spatially across Tasmania with sensitivity analysis to screen for prospective Eucalyptus globulus plantation sites. For. Ecol. Manage. 140:2001;51-63
71. Nambiar E.K.S. Interplay between nutrients, water, root growth and productivity in young plantations. For. Ecol. Manage. 30:1990;213-232
72. Nambiar E.K.S. Management of forests under nutrient and water stress. Water, Air Soil Pollut. 54:1991;209-230
73. Nambiar E.K.S., Nethercott K.H. Nutrient and water availability to and growth of young radiata pine plantations intercropped with lupins. New For. 1:1987;117-134
74. Nambiar E.K.S., Sands R. Effects of compaction and simulated root channels in the subsoil on root development, water uptake and growth of radiata pine. Tree Physiol. 10:1992;297-306
75. Nambiar E.K.S., Sands R. Competition for water and nutrients in forests. Can. J. For. Res. 23:1993;1955-1968
76. Nambiar, E.K.S., Squire, R.O., Sands, R., Will, G.M., 1984. Manipulation of water and nutrients in plantations of fast growing species. In: Grey, D.C., Schönau, A.P.G., Schutz, C.J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the IUFRO Symposium on Site Productivity of Fast Growing Plantations. Pretoria and Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, pp. 489-506.
77. Novais R.F., Barros N.F., Neves J.C.L. Interpretação de análise química do solo para o crescimento e desenvolvimento de Eucalyptus spp. Níveis críticos de implantação e de manutenção. Rev. Árvore. 10:1986;105-111
78. O'Connell A.M., Rance S.J. Predicting nitrogen supply in plantation eucalypt forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 31:1999;1943-1951
79. O'Connell, A.M., Grove, T.S., Mendham, D., Rance, S.J., 2000. Effects of site management in eucalypt plantations in Southwestern Australia. In: Nambiar, E.K.S., Cossalter, C., Tiarks, A., Ranger, J. (Eds.), Proceedings of Workshop on Site Management and Productivity in Tropical Plantation Forests. Kerala, India, 11-20. CIFOR, Bogor, pp. 61-71.
80. Parrotta J.A. Productivity, nutrient cycling, and succession in single-and mixed-species plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus robusta, and Leucaena leucocephala in Puerto Rico. For. Ecol. Manage. 124:1999;45-77
81. Pereira, H., Almeida, M.H., Tomé, M., Pereira, J.S., 1995. Eucalyptus globulus plantations: genetic, silvicultural and environmental control of fibre yield and quality. In: Potts, B.M., Borralho, N.M.G., Reid, J.B., Cromer, R.N., Tibbits, W.N., Raymond, C.A. (Eds.), Eucalypt Plantations: Improving Fibre Yield and Quality. CRC for Temperate Hardwood Forestry, Hobart, pp. 46-48.
82. Poggiani, F., 1985. Ciclagem de nutrientes em ecossistemas de plantações florestais de Eucalyptus e Pinus. Implicaçõ es silviculturais. Associate Professor Thesis. University of São Paulo, Brazil.
83. Potts, B.M., Borralho, N.M.G., Reid, J.B., Cromer, R.N., Tibbits, W.N., Raymond, C.A. (Eds.), 1995. Eucalypt plantations: improving fibre yield and wood quality. Proceedings of the CRC for Temperate Hardwood Forestry-IUFRO Conference. Hobart, Australia, 488 pp.
84. Raymond, C.A., 1998. Wood properties, silviculture and growth: a review of published literature for eucalypts. Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Production Forestry Technical Report No. 6, 18 pp.
85. Raymond C.A., Muneri A. Effect of fertilizer on wood properties of Eucalyptus globulus. Can. J. For. Res. 30:2000;136-144
86. Raymond C.A., Schimleck L.R., Muneri A., Michell A.J. Genetic parameters and genotype-by-environment interactions for pulp yield predicted using near infrared reflectance analysis and pulp productivity in Eucalyptus globulus. For. Genet. 8:2001;213-224
87. Raymond C.A., Volker P.W., Williams E.R. Provenance variation, genotype-by-environment interactions and age-age correlations for Eucalyptus regnans on nine sites in south eastern Australia. For. Genet. 4:1997;235-251
88. Reis M.G.F., Barros N.F., Kimmins J.P. Acúmulo de nutrientes em uma seqüência de idade de Eucalyptus grandis W, Hill (ex-Maiden) plantado no cerrado, em duas áreas com diferentes produtividades, em Minas Gerais. Rev. Árvore. 11:1987;1-15
89. Ridoutt B.G., Sands P.J. Within-tree variation in cambial anatomy and xylem cell differentiation in Eucalyptus globulus. Trees. 8:1993;18-22
90. Ryan M.G., Binkley D., Fownes J.H. Age-related decline in forest productivity: pattern and process. Adv. Ecol. Res. 27:1997;213-262
91. Sands, P.J., 1995. Speculations on modelling eucalypt pulp-wood quality. In: Potts, B.M., Borralho, N.M.G., Reid, J.B., Cromer, R.N., Tibbits, W.N., Raymond, C.A. (Eds.), Eucalypt Plantations: Improving Fibre Yield and Quality. CRC for Temperate Hardwood Forestry, Hobart, pp. 136-139.
92. Sankaran, K.V., Chacko, K.C, Pandalai, R.C., Kallarackal, J., Somen, C.K, Sharma, J.K., Alagopalan, M., Balasundaruan, M., Kumaraswamy, S., Sankar, S., Gilbes, R.J., Grove, T.S., Mendham, D., O'Connell, A.M., 2000. Effects of site management on eucalypts plantations in the monsoonal tropics - Kerala, India. In: Nambiar, E.K.S., Cossalter, C., Tiarks, A., Ranger, J. (Eds.), Proceedings of Workshop on Site Management and Productivity in Tropical Plantation Forests. Kerala, India. CIFOR, Bogor, pp. 11-20.
93. Schönau A.P. The effect of planting spacing and pruning on growth, yield and timber density of E. grandis. S. Afr. For. J. 88:1974;16-23
94. Schönau A.P.G. Fertilization in South African forestry. S. Afr. For. J. 125:1983;1-19
95. Schönau A.P.G., Coetzee J. Initial spacing, stand density and thinning in Eucalyptus plantations. For. Ecol. Manage. 29:1989;245-266
96. Silva, C.R., Gonçalves, J.L.M., Folegatti, B.S., Stape, J.L., Gave, J.L., 1997. Weed proliferation in eucalypt stands established under minimum and intensive site preparation. In: Proceedings of the IUFRO Congress Silvicultura e melhoramento de eucaliptos, vol. 3. Salvador, pp. 234-241.
97. Smethurst P.J., Comerford N.B. Simulating nutrient uptake by single or competing and contrasting root systems. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57:1993;1361-1367
98. Smethurst P.J., Baillie C., Cherry M., Holz G. Fertilizer effects on LAI and growth of four Eucalyptus nitens plantations. For. Ecol. Manage. 176:2003;531-542
99. Smethurst P.J., Herbert A.M., Ballard L.M. Fertilization effects on soil solution chemistry in three eucalypt plantations. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 65:2001a;795-804
100. Smethurst P.J., Jennings S., Matysek A. Economics of nitrogen fertilization of eucalypts for pulpwood. Aust. For. 64:2001b;96-101
101. Smethurst, P., Holz, H., Moroni, M., Baillie, C., this volume. Nitrogen management in Eucalyptus nitens plantations. For. Ecol. Manage.
102. Smethurst P.J., Nambiar E.K.S. Role of weeds in the management of nitrogen in a young Pinus radiata plantation. New For. 3:1989;203-224
103. Smethurst P.J., Wang B.P. Soil solution phosphorus and Eucalyptus nitens roots in NP-treated microsites in highly phosphorus-fixing soil. N. Z. J. For. Sci. 28:1998;140-151
104. Stape, J.L., 2002. Production Ecology of Clonal Eucalyptus Plantations in Northeastern Brazil. PhD thesis. Colorado State University, USA, 225 pp.
105. Stape, J.L., Andrade, S., Gomes, A.N., Krejci, L.C., Ribeiro, J.A., 2002. Definição de métodos de preparo de solo para silvicultura em solos coesos do litoral norte da Bahia. In: Gonçalves, J.L.M., Stape, J.L. (Eds.), Conservação e cultivo de solos para plantações florestais. Piracicaba, IPEF, pp. 259-296.
106. Stape, J.L., Gonçalves, J.L.M., 2002. Meeting of the silvicultural and management cooperative program PTSM, 18. Entre-Rios, IPEF, 25 pp.
107. Stape, J.L., Ryan, M.G., Binkley, D., this volume. Testing the utility of the 3-PG model for growth of Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla with natural and manipulated supplies of water and nutrients. For. Ecol. Manage.
108. Stone E.L. Boron deficiency and excess in forest trees: a review. For. Ecol. Manage. 37:1990;49-75
109. du Toit, B., Esprey, L.J., Job, R.A., Fuller, G.F., Dovey, S.D., 2000. Effects of site management in Eucalyptus grandis plantations in South Africa. In: Nambiar, E.K.S., Cossalter, C., Tiarks, A., Ranger, J. (Eds.), Proceedings of Workshop on Site Management and Productivity in Tropical Plantation Forests. Kerala, India. CIFOR, Bogor, pp. 21-30.
110. Toledo R.E.B., Alves P.L.C.A., Valle C.F., Alvarenga S.F. Brachiaria decumbens management and effects on the crop development of Eucalyptus grandis. Sci. For. 55:1999;129-141
111. Tomé, M., Ribeiro, F., Soares, P., Pereira, H., Miranda, I., Pina, J.P., 1995. Effect of spacing on Eucalyptus globulus fibre yield and quality. In: Potts, B.M., Borralho, N.M.G., Reid, J.B., Cromer, R.N., Tibbits, W.N., Raymond, C.A. (Eds.), Eucalypt Plantations: Improving Fibre Yield and Quality. CRC for Temperate Hardwood Forestry, Hobart, pp. 60-63.
112. Turnbull C.R.A., Beadle C.L., West P.W., Cromer R.N. Copper deficiency a probable cause of stem deformity in fertilised Eucalyptus nitens. Can. J. For. Res. 24:1994;1434-1439
113. Turner J., Lambert M.J., Humphreys F.R. Continuing growth response to phosphate fertilizers by a Pinus radiata plantation over fifty years. For. Sci. 48:2002;556-568
114. Turvey, N.D., Smethurst, P.J., 1983. Nitrogen fixing plants in forest plantation management. In: Gordon, J.C., Wheeler, C.T. (Eds.), Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Forest Ecosystems: Foundations and Applications. Martinus Nijhof, The Hague, pp. 233-260.
115. Vigneron, P., Gerard, J., Bouvet, J.M., 1995. Relationship between basic density and growth in a fertilization trial with clones of Eucalyptus hybrids in Congo. In: Potts, B.M., Borralho, N.M.G., Reid, J.B., Cromer, R.N., Tibbits, W.N., Raymond, C.A. (Eds.), Eucalypt Plantations: Improving Fibre Yield and Quality. CRC for Temperate Hardwood Forestry, Hobart, pp. 68-72.
116. Walters G.A. Saligna eucalyptus growth in a 15-year-old spacing study in Hawaii. Res. Paper PSW. 151:1980;1-6
117. Wilkinson G.R., Neilsen W.A. Effect of herbicides on woody weed control and growth of plantation eucalypt seedlings. Aust. For. 53:1990;69-78
118. Will G.M. Nutrient deficiencies and fertilizer use in New Zealand exotic forests. N. Z. For. Res. Inst. Bull. 97:1985;53
119. Woods P.V., Nambiar E.K.S., Smethurst P.J. Effect of annual weeds on water and nitrogen availability to Pinus radiata trees in a young plantation. For. Ecol. Manage. 48:1992;145-163
120. Xu, D., Dell, B., 2002. Nutrient management of eucalypt plantations in South China. In: International Symposium on Eucalypt Plantations, Guangdong, PR China. Papers and Abstracts, pp. 139-159.
121. Xu, D.P., Yang, Z.J., Dell, B., Gong, M., 2000. Effects of site management in Eucalyptus urophylla plantations in Guangdong province, China. In: Nambiar, E.K.S., Cossalter, C., Tiarks, A., Ranger, J. (Eds.), Proceedings of Workshop on Site Management and Productivity in Tropical Plantation Forests. Kerala, India. CIFOR, Bogor, pp. 11-20.