Fluoride ingestion from drinking water by Nigerian children aged below 10 years

Community Dental Health

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 25-31

  Akpata, E S ^a  

^a KUWAIT UNIVERSITY   (Kuwait)

Author keywords

Children; Fluoride; Ingestion; Water

Indexed keywords

DRINKING WATER; FLUORIDE; ANTICARIES AGENT;

ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; BODY WEIGHT; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; FLUID INTAKE; FLUORIDATION; HUMAN; NIGERIA; NORMAL HUMAN; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; WATER SAMPLING; WATER SUPPLY; CHI SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONDUCTOMETRY; DRINKING; EDUCATION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; INFANT; ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE; MOTHER; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY;

BODY WEIGHT; CARIOSTATIC AGENTS; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHROMATOGRAPHY, ION EXCHANGE; CONDUCTOMETRY; DRINKING; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FLUORIDES; HUMANS; INFANT; ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODES; MOTHERS; NIGERIA; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 2342468770     PISSN: 0265539X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Akpata, E.S. (2001): Occurrence and management of dental fluorosis. International Dental Journal 51, 325-333.
2. Akpata, E.S., Fakiha, Z. and Khan, N. (1997): Dental fluorosis in 12-15 year-old rural children exposed to fluorides from well drinking water in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 25, 324-327.
3. Bentley, E.M., Ellwood, R.P. and Davies, R.M. (1999): Fluoride ingestion from toothpaste by young children. British Dental Journal 186, 460-462.
4. Burt, B.A. (1992): The changing patterns of systemic fluoride intake. Journal of Dental Research 71 (Spec Iss), 1228-1237.
5. Brouwer, I.D., Dirks, O.B., de Bruin, A. and Hautvast, J.G.A. (1988): Unsuitability of World Health Organization guidelines for fluoride concentrations in drinking water in Senegal. Lancet 1, 223-225.
6. Correia Sampaio, F., Ramm van der Fehr, F.R., Arneberg, P. Petrucci Gigante, D. and Hatloy, A. (1999): Dental fluorosis and nutritional status in 6 to 11-year-old children living in rural areas of Paraiba, Brazil. Caries Research 33, 66-73.
7. Fejerskov, O., Kragstrup, J. and Richards, A. (1988): Fluorosis of teeth and bone. In: Fluoride in Dentistry Ekstrand, J., Fejerskov, O. and Silverstone, L.M. (Eds.). Pp190-228 Munksgaard, Copenhagen.
8. Fejerskov, O., Manji, F. and Baelum, V. (1990): The nature and mechanism of dental fluorosis in man. Journal of Dental Research 69 (Special Issue), 692-700.
9. Galagan, D.J. and Vermillion, J.R. (1957): Determination of optimum fluoride concentrations. Public Health Report 72, 491-493.
10. Ibrahim, Y.E., Affan, A.A. and Bjorvatn, K. (1995): Prevalence of dental fluorosis in Sudanese children from two villages with 0.25 and 2.56 ppm Fluoride in drinking water. International Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 5, 223-229.
11. Hanaoka, Y., Murayama, T., Muramato, S., Matsura, T. and Nanba, A. (1982): Ion chromatography with an ion membrane suppressor. Journal of Chromatography 239, 537-548.
12. Kumar, J.V. and Swango, P.A. (2000): Low birth weight and dental fluorosis: Is there an association? Journal of Public Health Dentistry 60, 167-171.
13. Levy, S.M., Warren, J.J., Davis, C.S., Kirchner, H.L., Kanellis, M.J. and Wefel, J.S. (2001): Pattern of fluoride intake from birth to 36 months. Journal of Public Health Dentistry 61, 707-777.
14. Ophaug, R.H., Singer, L.C. and Harland, B.F. (1985): Dietary fluoride intake of 6-month and 2-year-old children in four dietary regions of United States. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, 701-707.
15. Osuji, O.O., Leake, J.L., Chipman, M.L., Nikiforuk, G., Locker, D. and Levine, N. (1988): Risk factors for dental fluorosis in a fluoridated community. Journal of Dental Research 67, 1488-1492.
16. Pang, D.T., Phillips, C.L. and Bawden, J.W. (1992): Fluoride intake from beverage consumption in a sample of North Carolina children. Journal of Dental Research 71, 1382-1388.
17. Petter, L.P., Hourihane, O.B. and Rolles, C.J. (1995): Is water out of vogue? A survey of the drinking habits of 2-7 year olds. Archives of Disease in Childhood 72, 137-140.
18. Sohn, W., Heller, K.E. and Burt, B.A. (2001): Fluid consumption related to climate among children in the United States. Journal of Public Health Dentistry 61, 99-106.
19. Taves, D.R. (1983): Dietary intake of fluoride ashed (total fluoride) v. unashed (inorganic fluoride) analysis of individual foods. British Journal of Nutrition 49, 295-301.
20. Zohouri, F.V. and Rugg-Gunn, A.J (2000): Total fluoride intake and urinary excretion in 4-year old Iranian children residing in low-fluoride areas. British Journal of Nutrition 83, 15-25.