The proximate basis of the oak dispersal syndrome: Detection of seed dormancy by rodents

American Zoologist

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 852-864

  Steele, Michael A ^a  

^a WILKES UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 23044529618     PISSN: 00031569     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/icb/41.4.852     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Amen, R. D. 1968. A model of seed dormancy. Bot. Rev. 34:3-31.
2. Bonner, F. T. 1968. Water uptake and germination of red oak acorns. Bot. Gaz. 129:83-85.
3. Bonner, F. T. and J. A. Vozzo. 1987. Seed biology and technology of Qnerciis. U.S. Dept. Agr., So. For. Exp. Sta., Gen. Tech. Rep., SO-66.
4. Fleming, T. H. 1991. Fruiting plant-frugivore mutualism: The evolutionary theater and the ecological play. In P. W. Price, T. W. M. Lewinsohn, G. W. Fernandes and W. W. Benson (eds.), Plant-Animal interactions: Evolutionary ecology in tropical and temperate regions, pp. 119-144. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
5. Fox, J. F. 1974. Coevolution of white oak and its seed predators. Ph.D. Diss., University of Chicago, Illinois.
6. Fox, J. F. 1982. Adaptation of gray squirrel behavior to autumn germination by white oak acorns. Evolution 36:800-809.
7. Gendron, R. P. and O. J. Reichman. 1995. Food perishability and inventory management: A comparison of three caching strategies. Am. Nat. 145: 948-968.
8. Hadj-Chikh, L. Z., M. A. Steele, and P. D. Smalhvood. 1996. Caching decisions by grey squirrels: A test of the handling-time and perishability hypotheses. Anim. Behav. 52:941-948.
9. Herrera, C. M. 1985. Determinants of plant-animal coevolution: The case of mutualistic dispersal of seeds by vertebrates. Oikos 44:132-141.
10. Herrera, C. M. 1986. Vertebrate-dispersed plants: Why don't they behave the way they should? In A. Estrada and T. H. Fleming (eds.), Frugivores and seed dispersal, pp. 5-18. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
11. Hopper, G. M., D. W. Smith, and D. J. Parish. 1985. Germination and seedling growth of northern red oak: Effects of stratification and pericarp removal. For. Sei. 31:31-39.
12. Howe, H. R 1984. Constraints on the evolution of mutualisms. Am. Nat. 123:764-777.
13. Howe, H. F. 1986. Seed dispersal by fruit-eating birds and mammals. In D. R. Murray (ed.), Seed dis-persal, pp. 123-190. Academic Press, Sydney Australia.
14. Howe, H. E 1989. Scatter- and clump-dispersal and seedling demography: Hypothesis and implications. Oecologia 79:417-426.
15. Howe, H. E and J. Smallwood. 1982. Ecology of seed dispersal. Ann. Rev. of Ecol. and Sys. 13:201-228.
16. Howe, H. H and L. C. Westley. 1988. Ecological relationships betn'een plants and animals. Oxford University Press, Oxford. V
17. Jacobs, G. H. 1981. Comparative color'vision. Academic Press, New York.
18. Jacobs, L. E 1992. The effects of handling time on the decision to cache by grey squirrels. Anim. Behav. 43:522-524.
19. Janzen, D. H. 1983. Dispersal of seeds by vertebrate guts. In D. J. Futtuyma and M. Slatkin (eds.), Coevolution, pp. 232-262. Seed dispersal. Sinaucr Associates, Sunderland, MA.
20. Kaul, R. B. 1985. The reproductive morphology of Querc'us (Fagaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 72:1962-1977.
21. Ofcarcik, R. P. and E. E. Burns. 1971. Physical and chemical properties of selected acorns. J. Food Sei. 36:576-578.
22. Peterson, J. K. 1983. Mechanisms involved in delayed germination of Quercus nigra L. seeds. Ann. Bot. 52:81-92.
23. Pigott, C. D., A. C. Newton, and S. Zammitt. 1991. Prédation of acorns and oak seedlings by gray squirrels. Q. J. Forest. 85:173-178.
24. Post, D. M. and O. J. Reichman. 1991. Effects of food perishability, distance, and competitors on caching behavior by eastern woodrats. J. Mammal. 72: 513-517.
25. Post, D. M., M. W. McDonald, and O. J. Reichman. 1998. Influence of maternal diet and perishability on caching and consumption behavior of juvenile eastern woodrats. J. Mammal. 79:156-162.
26. Price, M. V. and S. H. Jenkins. 1986. Rodents as seed consumers and dispersers. In D. F. Murray (ed.), Seed dispersal, pp. 191-236. Academic Press, Sydney Australia.
27. Price, P. W., T. W. Lewinsohn, G. W. Fernandes, and W. W. Benson. (eds.) 1991. Plant-animal interactions: Evolutionary ecology in tropical and temperate regions. John Willey and Sons, New York.
28. Reichman, O. J. 1988. Caching behavior by eastern woodrats Neotoma floridana, in relation to food perishability. Anim. Behav. 36:1525-1532.
29. Short, H. L. 1976. Composition and squirrel use of acorns of black and white oak groups. J. Wildl. Manage. 40:479-480.
30. Smallwood, P. D. 1992. Temporal and spatial scales in foraging ecology: Testing hypotheses with spiders and squirrels. Ph.D. Diss., The University of Arizona, Tucson.
31. Smallwood, P. D. and W. D. Peters. 1986. Grey squirrel food preferences: The effects of tannin and fat concentration. Ecology 67:168-174.
32. Smallwood, P. D., M. A. Steele, E. Ribbens, and W. J. McShea. 1998. Detecting the effect of seed hoarders on the distribution of seedlings of tree species: Gray squirrels (Sciants carolinensis) and oaks (Querciis spp.) as a model system. In M. A. Steele, J. F. Merritt, and D. A. Zegers (eds.), Ecology and evolutionary biology of tree squirrels, pp. 223-231. Spec. Publ. Virginia Mus. Nat. Hist., 6.
33. Smallwood, P. D., M. A. Steele, and S. H. Faeth. 2001. The ultimate basis of the caching preferences of rodents, and the oak-dispersal syndrome: Tannins, v insects, and seed germination. Amer. Zool. 41: 840-851.
34. Smith, C. C. and D. Follmer. 1972. Food preferences of squirrels. Ecology 53:82-91.
35. Smith, C. C. and O. J. Reichman. 1984. The evolution of food caching by birds and mammals. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 15:329-351.
36. Steele, M. A., K. Gavel, and W. Bachman, W. 1998. Dispersal of half-eaten acorns by gray squirrels: Effects of physical and chemical seed character istics. In M. A. Steele, J. F. Merritt, and D. A. Zegers (eds.), Ecology and evolutionary biology of tree squirrels, pp. 223-231. Spec. Publ. Virginia Mus. Nat. Hist., 6.
37. Steele, M. A., L. Z. Hadj-Chikh, and J. Hazeltine. 1996. Caching and feeding decisions by Sciitrus carolinensis: Responses to weevil-infested acorns. J. Mammal. 77:305-314.
38. Steele, M. A., T. Knowles, K. Bridle, and E. Simms. 1993.-Tannins and partial consumption of acorns: implications for dispersal of oaks by seed predators. Amer. Midi. Natur. 130:229-238.
39. Steele, M. A. and P. D. Smallwood. 1994. What are squirrels hiding? Nat. Hist. 103:40-45.
40. Steele, M. A. and P. D. Smallwood. 2001. Acorn dispersal by birds and mammals. In W. J. McShea and W. Healy (eds.). Oak forest ecosystems: Ecology and management for wildlife. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. (In press)
41. Steele, M. A., G. Turner, P. D. Smallwood, J. O. Wolff, and J. Radillo. 2001. Cache management by tree squirrels: Experimental evidence for the significance of acorn embryo excision. J. Mammal. 82: 35-42.
42. Stiles, E. W. 1989. Fruits, seeds, and dispersal agents. In W. G. Abrahamson (éd.), Plant-animal interactions, pp. 87-122. McGraw Hill Publishing, New York.
43. Vander Wall, S. B. 1990. Food hoarding in animals. University Chicago Press, Chicago.
44. Vander Wall, S. B. 1992. The role of animals in dispersing a "wind-dispersed" pine. Ecology 73: 614-621.
45. Vander Wall, S. B. 1994. Seed fate pathways of antelope bitterbrush: Dispersal by seed-caching yellow pine chipmunks. Ecology 75:1911-1926.