메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 597-630

Calculating climate effects on birds and mammals: Impacts on biodiversity, conservation, population parameters, and global community structure

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 23044522546     PISSN: 00031569     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/icb/40.4.597     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (138)

References (90)
  • 1
    • 0027800310 scopus 로고
    • Temperature, activity, and lizard life histories
    • Adolph, S. C. and W. P. Porter. 1993. Temperature, activity, and lizard life histories. Am. Nat. 142: 273-295.
    • (1993) Am. Nat. , vol.142 , pp. 273-295
    • Adolph, S.C.1    Porter, W.P.2
  • 2
    • 0030302022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth, seasonality, and lizard life histories: Age and size at maturity
    • Adolph, S. C. and W. P. Porter. 1996. Growth, seasonality, and lizard life histories: Age and size at maturity. Oikos 77:267-278. ,'
    • (1996) Oikos , vol.77 , pp. 267-278
    • Adolph, S.C.1    Porter, W.P.2
  • 3
    • 0026065182 scopus 로고
    • Wind speed dependence of the overall thermal conductance of fur and feather insulation
    • Bakken, G. S. 1991. Wind speed dependence of the overall thermal conductance of fur and feather insulation. J. Therm. Biol. 16:121-126.
    • (1991) J. Therm. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 121-126
    • Bakken, G.S.1
  • 4
    • 0001119216 scopus 로고
    • Effects of wind and illumination on behavior and metabolic rate of American goldfinches (Carduelis tristis)
    • Bakken, G. S. and K. E. Lee. 1992. Effects of wind and illumination on behavior and metabolic rate of American goldfinches (Carduelis tristis). Auk 109:119-125.
    • (1992) Auk , vol.109 , pp. 119-125
    • Bakken, G.S.1    Lee, K.E.2
  • 5
    • 0000887974 scopus 로고
    • The effect of wind and air temperature on metabolism and evaporative water loss rates of darkeyed juncos, Junco hyemalis: A standard operative temperature scale
    • Bakken, G. S., M. T. Murphy, and D. J. Erskine. 1991. The effect of wind and air temperature on metabolism and evaporative water loss rates of darkeyed juncos, Junco hyemalis: A standard operative temperature scale. Physiol. Zool. 64:1023-1050.
    • (1991) Physiol. Zool. , vol.64 , pp. 1023-1050
    • Bakken, G.S.1    Murphy, M.T.2    Erskine, D.J.3
  • 6
    • 0000712454 scopus 로고
    • The energy budget of a lizard on a tree trunk
    • Bartlett, P. N. and D. M. Gates. 1967. The energy budget of a lizard on a tree trunk. Ecology 48:315322.
    • (1967) Ecology , vol.48 , pp. 315-322
    • Bartlett, P.N.1    Gates, D.M.2
  • 7
    • 85069398250 scopus 로고
    • Thermal model for prediction of a desert iguana's daily and seasonal behavior
    • Beckman, W. A., J. W. Mitchell, and W. P. Porter. 1971. Thermal model for prediction of a desert iguana's daily and seasonal behavior. Trans. ASME Paper No. 71-WA/HT- 35:1-7.
    • (1971) Trans. ASME Paper No. , vol.71 , pp. 1-7
    • Beckman, W.A.1    Mitchell, J.W.2    Porter, W.P.3
  • 8
    • 0004267181 scopus 로고
    • Vital energetics: A study in comparative basal metabolism
    • Benedict, K G. 1938. Vital energetics: A study in comparative basal metabolism. Carnegie Institute of Washington 503:133-164.
    • (1938) Carnegie Institute of Washington , vol.503 , pp. 133-164
    • Benedict, K.G.1
  • 12
    • 0027331029 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of body size: Consequences of an energetic definition of fitness
    • Brown, J. H., P. A. Marquet, and M. L. Taper. 1993. Evolution of body size: Consequences of an energetic definition of fitness. Am. Nat. 142:573584.
    • (1993) Am. Nat. , vol.142 , pp. 573-584
    • Brown, J.H.1    Marquet, P.A.2    Taper, M.L.3
  • 13
    • 0023471709 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of species assemblages: Effects of energetic constraints and species dynamics on the diversification of the North American avifauna
    • Brown, J. H. and B. A. Maurer. 1987. Evolution of species assemblages: Effects of energetic constraints and species dynamics on the diversification of the North American avifauna. Am. Nat. 130:1-17.
    • (1987) Am. Nat. , vol.130 , pp. 1-17
    • Brown, J.H.1    Maurer, B.A.2
  • 14
    • 0026278293 scopus 로고
    • Spatial scaling of species composition: Body masses of North American land mammals
    • Brown, J. H. and P. F. Nicoletto. 1991. Spatial scaling of species composition: Body masses of North American land mammals. Am. Nat. 138:14781512.
    • (1991) Am. Nat. , vol.138 , pp. 1478-1512
    • Brown, J.H.1    Nicoletto, P.F.2
  • 15
    • 0028684703 scopus 로고
    • Foraging under prédation: A comparison of energetic and prédation costs in a Negev and Sonoran desert rodent community
    • Brown, J. S., B. P. Kotler, and T. J. Valone. 1994. Foraging under prédation: A comparison of energetic and prédation costs in a Negev and Sonoran desert rodent community. Austral. J. Zool. 42:435-448.
    • (1994) Austral. J. Zool. , vol.42 , pp. 435-448
    • Brown, J.S.1    Kotler, B.P.2    Valone, T.J.3
  • 16
    • 0030656361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition between birds and mammals: A comparison of giving-up densities between crested larks and gerbils
    • Brown, J. S., B. P. Kotler, and W. A. Mitchell. 1997. Competition between birds and mammals: A comparison of giving-up densities between crested larks and gerbils. Evol. Ecol. 11(6):757-771.
    • (1997) Evol. Ecol. , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 757-771
    • Brown, J.S.1    Kotler, B.P.2    Mitchell, W.A.3
  • 17
    • 0001125304 scopus 로고
    • Parrot eggs, embryos and nes-tlings: Patterns and energetics of growth and development
    • Bucher, T. L. 1983. Parrot eggs, embryos and nes-tlings: Patterns and energetics of growth and development. Physiol. Zool. 56:465-483.
    • (1983) Physiol. Zool. , vol.56 , pp. 465-483
    • Bucher, T.L.1
  • 18
    • 0022832271 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism, growth, and activity in .Adelie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsten) embryos
    • Bucher, T. L., G. A. Bartholomew, W. Z. Trivelpiece, and N. J. Volkmann. 1986. Metabolism, growth, and activity in .Adelie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsten) embryos. Auk 103:485-493.
    • (1986) Auk , vol.103 , pp. 485-493
    • Bucher, T.L.1    Bartholomew, G.A.2    Trivelpiece, W.Z.3    Volkmann, N.J.4
  • 19
    • 0024790028 scopus 로고
    • The effect of ambient temperature on the relationship between ventilation and metabolism in a small parrott (Agapomis roseicollis)
    • Bucher, T. L. and K. R. Morgan. 1989. The effect of ambient temperature on the relationship between ventilation and metabolism in a small parrott (Agapomis roseicollis). J. Comp. Physiol. B 159: 561-567.
    • (1989) J. Comp. Physiol. B , vol.159 , pp. 561-567
    • Bucher, T.L.1    Morgan, K.R.2
  • 20
    • 0028206902 scopus 로고
    • N Prediction of forced ventilation in animal fur from a measured pressure distribution
    • Budaraju, S., W. E. Stewart, and W. P. Porter. 1994. N Prediction of forced ventilation in animal fur from a measured pressure distribution. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B 256:41-46.
    • (1994) Proc. Roy. Soc. London B , vol.256 , pp. 41-46
    • Budaraju, S.1    Stewart, W.E.2    Porter, W.P.3
  • 21
    • 0031195123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed convective heat and moisture transfer from a horizontal furry cylinder in transverse flow
    • Budaraju, S., W. E. Stewart, and W. P. Porter. 1997. Mixed convective heat and moisture transfer from a horizontal furry cylinder in transverse flow. Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer 40:2273-2281.
    • (1997) Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer , vol.40 , pp. 2273-2281
    • Budaraju, S.1    Stewart, W.E.2    Porter, W.P.3
  • 23
    • 0021060037 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal shifts in body temperature and use of microhabitats by Galapagos (Ecuador) land iguanas (Conoloplws pallidus)
    • Christian, K., C. R. Tracy, and W. P. Porter. 1983. Seasonal shifts in body temperature and use of microhabitats by Galapagos (Ecuador) land iguanas (Conoloplws pallidus). Ecology 64:463-468.
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 463-468
    • Christian, K.1    Tracy, C.R.2    Porter, W.P.3
  • 24
    • 0022817617 scopus 로고
    • Heat loss from deer mice (Peromyscus): Evaluation of seasonal limits to thermorégulation
    • Conley, K. E. and W. P. Porter. 1986. Heat loss from deer mice (Peromyscus): Evaluation of seasonal limits to thermorégulation. J. Exp. Biol. 126:249269.
    • (1986) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.126 , pp. 249-269
    • Conley, K.E.1    Porter, W.P.2
  • 25
    • 0032104833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty in population dynamics and its consequences for the management of the orangebellied parrot Neophema chrysogaster
    • Drechsler, M., M. A. Burgman, and P. W. Menkhorst. 1998. Uncertainty in population dynamics and its consequences for the management of the orangebellied parrot Neophema chrysogaster. Biol. Cons. 84:269-281.
    • (1998) Biol. Cons. , vol.84 , pp. 269-281
    • Drechsler, M.1    Burgman, M.A.2    Menkhorst, P.W.3
  • 26
    • 0032505115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allometric scaling of plant energetics and population density
    • Enquist, B. J., J. H. Brown, and G. B. West. 1998. Allometric scaling of plant energetics and population density. Nature 395:163-165.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 163-165
    • Enquist, B.J.1    Brown, J.H.2    West, G.B.3
  • 28
    • 0027037841 scopus 로고
    • Modeling global macroclimatic constraints on ectotherm energy budgets
    • Grant, B. W. and W. P. Porter. 1992. Modeling global macroclimatic constraints on ectotherm energy budgets. Am. Zool. 32:154-178.
    • (1992) Am. Zool. , vol.32 , pp. 154-178
    • Grant, B.W.1    Porter, W.P.2
  • 31
    • 0019310451 scopus 로고
    • The combined effects of air temperature, wind and radiation on the resting metabolism of avian raptors
    • Hayes, S. R. and J. A. Gessaman. 1980. The combined effects of air temperature, wind and radiation on the resting metabolism of avian raptors. J. Therm. Biol. 5:119-126.
    • (1980) J. Therm. Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 119-126
    • Hayes, S.R.1    Gessaman, J.A.2
  • 32
    • 0011436107 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of raptor resting metabolism: Comparison of measured values with statistical and biophysical estimates
    • Hayes, S. R. and J. A. Gessaman. 1982. Prediction of raptor resting metabolism: Comparison of measured values with statistical and biophysical estimates. J. Therm. Biol. 7:45-50.
    • (1982) J. Therm. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 45-50
    • Hayes, S.R.1    Gessaman, J.A.2
  • 33
    • 0027101174 scopus 로고
    • Cross-scale morphology, geometry, and dynamics of ecosystems
    • Holling, C. S. 1992. Cross-scale morphology, geometry, and dynamics of ecosystems. Ecol. Monog. 62:447-502.
    • (1992) Ecol. Monog. , vol.62 , pp. 447-502
    • Holling, C.S.1
  • 34
    • 0040554613 scopus 로고
    • Australian parrots: Aviculture and their habits: Orange-bellied parrot Neophema chrysogaster (Latham)
    • Hutchins, B. R. and R. H. Lovell. 1982. Australian parrots: Aviculture and their habits: Orange-bellied parrot Neophema chrysogaster (Latham). Austral. Avicult. January: 11-16.
    • (1982) Austral. Avicult. January , pp. 11-16
    • Hutchins, B.R.1    Lovell, R.H.2
  • 35
    • 0001281379 scopus 로고
    • Homage to Santa Rosalia, or why are they are so many kinds of animals? Amer
    • Hutchinson, G. E. 1959. Homage to Santa Rosalia, or why are they are so many kinds of animals? Amer. Nat. 93:145-159.
    • (1959) Nat. , vol.93 , pp. 145-159
    • Hutchinson, G.E.1
  • 36
    • 0010013635 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional and physical attributes of seeds of some common sagebrush-steppe plants: Some implications for ecological theory and management
    • Kelrick, M. R. and J. A. MacMahon. 1985. Nutritional and physical attributes of seeds of some common sagebrush-steppe plants: Some implications for ecological theory and management. J. Range Manage. 38(l):65-69.
    • (1985) J. Range Manage. , vol.38 , pp. 65-69
    • Kelrick, M.R.1    MacMahon, J.A.2
  • 37
    • 0024938946 scopus 로고
    • Energy requirements for lactation and postnatal growth in captive golden mantled ground squirrels
    • Kenagy, G. J., R. D. Stevenson, and D. Masman. 1989. Energy requirements for lactation and postnatal growth in captive golden mantled ground squirrels. Physiol. Zool. 62:470-487. '
    • (1989) Physiol. Zool. , vol.62 , pp. 470-487
    • Kenagy, G.J.1    Stevenson, R.D.2    Masman, D.3
  • 38
    • 0000171870 scopus 로고
    • Thermal and hydric aspects of environmental heterogeneity in the pitcher plant mosquito (Wyeomyia smitliii)
    • Kingsolver, J. G. 1979. Thermal and hydric aspects of environmental heterogeneity in the pitcher plant mosquito (Wyeomyia smitliii). Ecol. Monog. 49: 357-376.
    • (1979) Ecol. Monog. , vol.49 , pp. 357-376
    • Kingsolver, J.G.1
  • 40
    • 0016903120 scopus 로고
    • Heat transfer from spheres in the naturally turbulent, outdoor environment
    • Kowalski, G. J. and J. W. Mitchell. 1976. Heat transfer from spheres in the naturally turbulent, outdoor environment. J. Heat Transfer 98(4):649-653.
    • (1976) J. Heat Transfer , vol.98 , Issue.4 , pp. 649-653
    • Kowalski, G.J.1    Mitchell, J.W.2
  • 44
    • 0026571783 scopus 로고
    • Digestive modulation in a seasonal frugivore, the American robin (Turdus migratorius)
    • Levey, D. J. and W. A. Karasov. 1992. Digestive modulation in a seasonal frugivore, the American robin (Turdus migratorius). Am. J. Physiol. 262(4 Part 1):G711-G718.
    • (1992) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.262 , pp. 711-718
    • Levey, D.J.1    Karasov, W.A.2
  • 45
    • 84971074116 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of orange-bellied parrots Neophema chrysogaster at their main remnant wintering site
    • Loyn, R. H., B. A. Lane, C. Chandler, and G. W. Carr. 1986. Ecology of orange-bellied parrots Neophema chrysogaster at their main remnant wintering site. The Emu 86:195-206.
    • (1986) The Emu , vol.86 , pp. 195-206
    • Loyn, R.H.1    Lane, B.A.2    Chandler, C.3    Carr, G.W.4
  • 46
    • 0000117046 scopus 로고
    • On the relation between habitat selection and species diversity
    • MacArthur, R. E., H. Recher, and M. Cody. 1966. On the relation between habitat selection and species diversity. Am. Nat. 100:319-332.
    • (1966) Am. Nat. , vol.100 , pp. 319-332
    • MacArthur, R.E.1    Recher, H.2    Cody, M.3
  • 48
    • 0027038474 scopus 로고
    • The micro and macro in body size evolution
    • Maurer, B. A., J. H. Brown, and R. D. Rusler. 1992. The micro and macro in body size evolution. Evolution 46:939-953.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 939-953
    • Maurer, B.A.1    Brown, J.H.2    Rusler, R.D.3
  • 49
    • 0003105859 scopus 로고
    • Development of insulation in neonatal cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus)
    • McClure, P. A. and W. P. Porter. 1983. Development of insulation in neonatal cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus). Physiol. Zool. 56:18-32.
    • (1983) Physiol. Zool. , vol.56 , pp. 18-32
    • McClure, P.A.1    Porter, W.P.2
  • 50
    • 0000622884 scopus 로고
    • Computing clear day solar spectra for the terrestrial ecological environment
    • McCulIough, E. M. and W. P. Porter. 1971. Computing clear day solar spectra for the terrestrial ecological environment. Ecology 52:1008-1015.
    • (1971) Ecology , vol.52 , pp. 1008-1015
    • McCuliough, E.M.1    Porter, W.P.2
  • 51
    • 0001257473 scopus 로고
    • Diversity and stability of ecological communities: A comment on the role of empiricism in ecology Am
    • McNaughton, S. J. 1977. Diversity and stability of ecological communities: A comment on the role of empiricism in ecology Am. Nat. 111:515-525.
    • (1977) Nat. , vol.111 , pp. 515-525
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 52
    • 0001578138 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of a grazing eco-system: The Serengeti (Tanzania, Kenya)
    • McNaughton, S. J. 1985. Ecology of a grazing eco-system: The Serengeti (Tanzania, Kenya). Ecol. Monogr. 55(3):259-294.
    • (1985) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.55 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-294
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 53
    • 0014316183 scopus 로고
    • And analytical model of the counter-current heat exchange phenomena
    • Mitchell, J. W. and G. E. Myers. 1968. And analytical model of the counter-current heat exchange phenomena. Biofihys. J. 8(8):897-911.
    • (1968) Biofihys. J. , vol.8 , Issue.8 , pp. 897-911
    • Mitchell, J.W.1    Myers, G.E.2
  • 54
    • 0017122459 scopus 로고
    • Heat transfer from spheres and other animal forms
    • Mitchell, J. W. 1976. Heat transfer from spheres and other animal forms. Biophys. J. 16:561-569.
    • (1976) Biophys. J. , vol.16 , pp. 561-569
    • Mitchell, J.W.1
  • 56
    • 0039961624 scopus 로고
    • Energetics of the prairie deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii
    • Morris, J. G. and S. C. Kendeigh. 1981. Energetics of the prairie deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii. Am. Mid. Nat. 105:368-376.
    • (1981) Am. Mid. Nat. , vol.105 , pp. 368-376
    • Morris, J.G.1    Kendeigh, S.C.2
  • 57
    • 0002552213 scopus 로고
    • Some interrelations between weight and hibernation functions Bull
    • Morrison, P. R. 1960. Some interrelations between weight and hibernation functions Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard U. 124:75-91.
    • (1960) Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard U. , vol.124 , pp. 75-91
    • Morrison, P.R.1
  • 58
    • 0002036844 scopus 로고
    • Color adaptation in desert reptiles and its thermal relationships
    • Morris, K. S. 1967. Color adaptation in desert reptiles and its thermal relationships. In Symposium on lizard ecology, pp. 162-229. University of Missouri Press, Columbia Missouri.
    • (1967) In Symposium on Lizard Ecology, Pp. , vol.162
    • Morris, K.S.1
  • 60
    • 85037464432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guts as chemical reactors. Am. Nat. 129:69-96.
    • , vol.129 , pp. 69-96
    • Nat, A.1
  • 61
    • 0025528662 scopus 로고
    • Sustained metabolic scope
    • 'Peterson, C. C., K. A. Nagy, and J. Diamond. 1990. Sustained metabolic scope. PNAS v. 87(6):23242328.
    • (1990) PNAS V. , vol.87 , Issue.6 , pp. 2324-2328
    • Peterson, C.C.1    Nagy, K.A.2    Diamond, J.3
  • 63
    • 0000524289 scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic equilibria of animals with environment
    • Porter, W. P. and D. M. Gates. 1969. Thermodynamic equilibria of animals with environment. Ecol. Monog. 39:227-244.
    • (1969) Ecol. Monog. , vol.39 , pp. 227-244
    • Porter, W.P.1    Gates, D.M.2
  • 65
    • 0015875742 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral implications of mechanistic ecology: Thermal and behavioral modeling of desert ectotherms and their microenvironment
    • Porter, W. P., J. W. Mitchell, W. A. Beckman, and C. B. DeWitt. 1973. Behavioral implications of mechanistic ecology: Thermal and behavioral modeling of desert ectotherms and their microenvironment. Oecologia 13:1-54.
    • (1973) Oecologia , vol.13 , pp. 1-54
    • Porter, W.P.1    Mitchell, J.W.2    Beckman, W.A.3    Dewitt, C.B.4
  • 66
    • 84971021962 scopus 로고
    • Endotherm energetics: From a scalable individual-based model to ecological applications
    • Porter, W. P., J. C. Munger, W. E. Stewart, S. Budaraju, and J. Jaeger. 1994. Endotherm energetics: From a scalable individual-based model to ecological applications. Austral. J. Zool. 42:125-162.
    • (1994) Austral. J. Zool. , vol.42 , pp. 125-162
    • Porter, W.P.1    Munger, J.C.2    Stewart, W.E.3    Budaraju, S.4    Jaeger, J.5
  • 68
    • 0025264539 scopus 로고
    • Influence of air temperature, wind and irradiance on metabolism of white-tailed jackrabbits
    • Rogowitz, G. L. and J. A. Gessaman. 1990. Influence of air temperature, wind and irradiance on metabolism of white-tailed jackrabbits. J. Therm. Biol. 15:125-132.
    • (1990) J. Therm. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 125-132
    • Rogowitz, G.L.1    Gessaman, J.A.2
  • 69
    • 0001457382 scopus 로고
    • Niche width: Biogeographic patterns among Anolis lizard populations
    • Roughgarden, J. 1974. Niche width: Biogeographic patterns among Anolis lizard populations. Amer. Nat. 108:422-442.
    • (1974) Amer. Nat. , vol.108 , pp. 422-442
    • Roughgarden, J.1
  • 71
    • 0002042778 scopus 로고
    • Experimental investigations on the respiratory function in diving mammals and birds
    • Scholander, P. F. 1940. Experimental investigations on the respiratory function in diving mammals and birds. Hvalradets Skrifter 22:1-131.
    • (1940) Hvalradets Skrifter , vol.22 , pp. 1-131
    • Scholander, P.F.1
  • 73
    • 0033429218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gaps in mammalian body size distributions reexamined
    • Siemann, E. and J. H. Brown. 1999. Gaps in mammalian body size distributions reexamined. Ecology 88(8):2788-2792.
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.88 , Issue.8 , pp. 2788-2792
    • Siemann, E.1    Brown, J.H.2
  • 74
    • 0028050731 scopus 로고
    • The biophysics of Bergmann's rule: A comparison of the effects of pelage and body size variation on metabolic rate
    • Steudel, K., W. P. Porter, and D. Sher. 1994. The biophysics of Bergmann's rule: A comparison of the effects of pelage and body size variation on metabolic rate. Can. J. Zool. 72:70-77.
    • (1994) Can. J. Zool. , vol.72 , pp. 70-77
    • Steudel, K.1    Porter, W.P.2    Sher, D.3
  • 75
    • 0000995979 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of forced ventilation'in animal fur under ideal pressure distribution
    • Stewart, W. E., S. Budaraju, W. P. Porter, and J. Jaeger. 1993. Prediction of forced ventilation'in animal fur under ideal pressure distribution. Functional Ecology 7:487-492.
    • (1993) Functional Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 487-492
    • Stewart, W.E.1    Budaraju, S.2    Porter, W.P.3    Jaeger, J.4
  • 77
    • 0028181948 scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and stability in grasslands
    • Tilman, D. and J. A. Downing. 1994. Biodiversity and stability in grasslands. Nature 367(6461):363365..
    • (1994) Nature , vol.367 , pp. 363-365
    • Tilman, D.1    Downing, J.A.2
  • 79
    • 0024081669 scopus 로고
    • The significance of fur structure for solar heat gain in the rock squirrel, Spermophilus variegatus. i
    • Walsberg, G. E. 1988a. The significance of fur structure for solar heat gain in the rock squirrel, Spermophilus variegatus. i. Exp. Biol. 138:243-258.
    • (1988) Exp. Biol. , vol.138 , pp. 243-258
    • Walsberg, G.E.1
  • 80
    • 38249031995 scopus 로고
    • Heat flow through avian plumages: The relative importance of conduction, convection and radiation
    • Walsberg, G. E. 1988i. Heat flow through avian plumages: The relative importance of conduction, convection and radiation. J. Therm. Biol. 13:89-92.
    • (1988) J. Therm. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 89-92
    • Walsberg, G.E.1
  • 81
    • 0023711087 scopus 로고
    • Consequences of skin color and fur properties for solar heat gain and UV irradiance in two mammals
    • Walsberg, G. E. 1988c. Consequences of skin color and fur properties for solar heat gain and UV irradiance in two mammals. J. Comp. Physiol. B Biochem. System. Environ. Physiol. 158:213222.
    • (1988) J. Comp. Physiol. B Biochem. System. Environ. Physiol. , vol.158 , pp. 213-222
    • Walsberg, G.E.1
  • 82
    • 0028797673 scopus 로고
    • Solar heat gain in a desert rodent: Unexpected increases with wind speed and implications for estimating the heat balance of free-living animals
    • Walsberg, G. E. and B. O. Wolf. 1995. Solar heat gain in a desert rodent: Unexpected increases with wind speed and implications for estimating the heat balance of free-living animals. J. Comp. Phy siol. B Biochem. System. Environ. Physiol. 165: 306-314.
    • (1995) J. Comp. Phy Siol. B Biochem. System. Environ. Physiol. , vol.165 , pp. 306-314
    • Walsberg, G.E.1    Wolf, B.O.2
  • 83
    • 0015180581 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical and experimental studies of energy exchange from jack rabbit ears and cylindrically shaped appendages
    • Wathen, P., J. W. Mitchell, and W. P. Porter. 1971. Theoretical and experimental studies of energy exchange from jack rabbit ears and cylindrically shaped appendages. Biophys. J. 11(12):10301047.
    • (1971) Biophys. J. , vol.11 , Issue.12 , pp. 1030-1047
    • Wathen, P.1    Mitchell, J.W.2    Porter, W.P.3
  • 84
    • 0039961623 scopus 로고
    • Heat transfer from animal appendage shapes-cylinders, arcs, and cones
    • Wathen, P. M., J. W. Mitchell, and \V. P. Porter. 1974. Heat transfer from animal appendage shapes-cylinders, arcs, and cones. Trans, of the ASME. November. 40:536-540.
    • (1974) Trans, of the ASME. November. , vol.40 , pp. 536-540
    • Wathen, P.M.1    Mitchell, J.W.2    Porter, V.P.3
  • 85
    • 0025787971 scopus 로고
    • The concept of symmorphosis: A testable hypothesis of structure-function relationship
    • Weibel, E. R., C. R. Taylor, and H. Hoppeier. 1991. The concept of symmorphosis: A testable hypothesis of structure-function relationship. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sei. USA. 88:10357-10361.
    • (1991) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sei. USA. , vol.88 , pp. 10357-10361
    • Weibel, E.R.1    Taylor, C.R.2    Hoppeier, H.3
  • 86
    • 0001431673 scopus 로고
    • Limits to energy budget and tactics in energy investments during reproduction in the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungonis sungorus) Pallas 1770
    • Weiner, J. 1987. Limits to energy budget and tactics in energy investments during reproduction in the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungonis sungorus) Pallas 1770. In Reproductive energetics in mammals. Symp. Zool. Soc. London 57:167-187.
    • (1987) In Reproductive Energetics in Mammals. Symp. Zool. Soc. London , vol.57 , pp. 167-187
    • Weiner, J.1
  • 87
    • 0017359554 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory water loss: A predictive model
    • Welch, W. R. and C. R. Tracy. 1977. Respiratory water loss: A predictive model. J. Theor. Biol. 65:253265.
    • (1977) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.65 , pp. 253-265
    • Welch, W.R.1    Tracy, C.R.2
  • 88
    • 0038041573 scopus 로고
    • Evaporative water loss from en-dotherms in thermally and hygrically complex environments: An empirical approach for interspecific comparisons
    • Welch, W. R. 1980. Evaporative water loss from en-dotherms in thermally and hygrically complex environments: An empirical approach for interspecific comparisons. J. Comp. Physiol. (B) 139:135143.
    • (1980) J. Comp. Physiol. (B) , vol.139 , pp. 135-143
    • Welch, W.R.1
  • 89
    • 0030932272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A general model for the origin of allometric scaling laws in biology
    • West, G., J. H. Brawn, and B. J. Enquist. 1997. A general model for the origin of allometric scaling laws in biology. Science 276:122-126.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 122-126
    • West, G.1    Brawn, J.H.2    Enquist, B.J.3
  • 90
    • 33745969945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fourth dimension of life; fractal geometry and allometric scaling of organisms
    • West, G., J. H. Brown, and B. J. Enquist. 1999. The fourth dimension of life; fractal geometry and allometric scaling of organisms. Ecology (In press).
    • (1999) Ecology (In Press).
    • West, G.1    Brown, J.H.2    Enquist, B.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.