Tadpole locomotion: Axial movement and tail functions in a largely vertebraeless vertebrate

American Zoologist

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 62-76

  Hoff, Karin V S ^a   Wassersug, Richard J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

^b DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 23044520624     PISSN: 00031569     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1668/0003-1569(2000)040[0062:tlamat]2.0.co;2     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Arshavsky, Y. I., G. N. Orlovsky, Y. V. Panchin, A. Roberts, and S. R. Söffe. 1993. Neuronal control of swimming locomotion: analysis of the pteropod mollusc Clione and embryos of the lamphibian Xenopns. TINS 16:227-233.
2. Blair, J. and R. J. Wassersug. 2000. Variation in the pattern of predator-induced damage to tadpole tails. Copeia 2000:390-401.
3. Blight, A. R. 1976. Undulatory swimming with and without waves of contraction. Nature 264:352-354.
4. Blight, A. R. 1977. The muscular control of vertebrate swimming movements. Biol. Rev. 52:181-218.
5. Bruns, R. and J. Gross. 1970. Studies on the tadpole tail I. Structure and organization of the notochord and its covering layers in Rana catesbeiana. Am. J. Anat. 128:193-223.
6. Bullock, T. H. 1978. Identifiable and addressed neurons in the vertebrates. In D. S. Faber and H. Kom (eds.), Ncurobiology of the Mautliner Cell, pp. 1-12. Raven Press, New York.
7. Carling, J., T. L. Williams, and G. Bowtell. 1998. Self-propelled anguilliform swimming: Simultaneous solution of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and Newton's laws of motion. J. exp. Biol. 201:3143-3166.
8. Caldwell, J. P. 1982. Disruptive selection: a tail color polymorphism in Acris tadpoles in response to differential prédation. Can. J. Zool. 60:2818-2827.
9. Caldwell, J. P. 1986. A description of the tadpole of Hyla smilliii with comments on tail coloration. Copeia 1986:1004-1006.
10. Doherty, P. A., R. J. Wassersug, and J. M. Lee. 1998. Mechanical properties of the tadpole tail fin. J. exp. Biol. 201:2691-2699.
11. DuBois, A., G. A. Cavagna, and R. S. Fox. 1976. Locomotion in bluefish. J. exp. Zool. 195:223-236.
12. Figiel, C. R. and R. D. Semlitsch. 1991. Effects of nonlethal injury and habitat complexity on pré dation in tadpole populations. Can. J. Zool. 69: 830-834.
13. Gillis, G. B. 1998. Neuromuscular control of anguilliform locomotion: Patterns of red and white muscle activity during swimming in the American Eel Anguilla rostrata. I. exp. Biol. 201:3245-3256.
14. Gosner, K. L. 1960. A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetol. 16:183-190.
15. Gray, J. 1936. Studies in animal locomotion IV. The neuromuscular mechanism of swimming in the eel. J. exp. Biol. 13:170-180.
16. Hoff, K. vS. 1987. Morphological determinants of faststart performance in anuran tadpoles. Ph.D. Thesis. Dalhousie University, Halifax, N. S. Canada.
17. Hoff, K. vS., M. J. Lannoo, and R. J. Wassersug. 1985. Kinematics of midwater prey capture by Ambystoma (Caitilata, Ambystomatidae) larvae. Copeia 1985:247-251.
18. Hoff, K. vS. and R. J. Wassersug. 1986. The kinemat-ics of swimming in Xenopiis laevis (Amphibia, Anura) larvae. J. exp. Biol. 122:1-12.
19. Jayne, B. C. and G. V. Lauder. 1994. Comparative morphology of the myomeres and axial skeleton in four genera' of centrarchid fishes. J. Morph. 220:185-205.
20. Jayne, B. C. and G. V. Lauder. 1995. Are muscle fibers within fish myotomes activated synchronously? Patterns of recruitment within deep myomeric musculature during swimming in large-mouth bass. J. exp. Biol. 198:805-815.
21. Jayne, B. C. and G. V. Lauder. 1996. New Data on v axial locomotion in fishes: How speed affects diversity if kinematics and motor patterns. Amer. Zool. 36:642-655.
22. Koehl, M. A. R., K. J. Quillen and C. A. Pell. 2000. Mechanical design of fiber-wound hydraulic skeleton: The stiffening and straightening of embryonic notochords. Amer. Zool. 40:28-41.
23. Lighthill, J. 1993. Estimates of pressure differencesacross the head of a swimming clupcid fish. Phil. . Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 341:129-140.
24. Liu', H. 1995. A numerical study of jet-stream propulsion of oscillating bodies. J. Soc. Naval Arch. Japan 178:101-112.
25. Liu, H. and K. Kawachi. 1999. A numerical study of undulatory swimming. J. Comput. Phys. 155:223-247.
26. Liu, H., R. J. Wassersug, and K. Kawachi. 1996. A computational fluid dynamics study of tadpole swimming. J. exp. Biol. 199:1245-1260.
27. Liu, H., R. J. Wassersug, and K. Kawachi. 1997. The three dimensional hydrodynamics of tadpole locomotion. J. exp. Biol. 200:2807-2819.
28. Long, J. H., Jr., M. J. E. Hale, M. J. McHenry, and M. W. Westneat. 1996. Functions of fish skin: The mechanics of steady swimming in longnose gar, Lepisosteus ossens. J. exp. Biol. 199:2139-2151.
29. McColIum, S. A. and J. Van Buskirk. 1996. Costs and benefits of a predator-induced polyphenism in the Gray Treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis. Evolution 50: 583-593.
30. McColIum, S. A. and J. D. Leimbcrger. 1997. Predator-induced morphological changes in an amphibian: Prédation by dragonflies affects tadpole shape and color. Oecologia 109:615-621.
31. Oxner, W. M., J. Quinn, and M. E. DeMont. 1993. A mathematical model of body kinematics in swimming tadpoles. Can. J. Zool. 71:407-413.
32. Rock, M. K. 1980. Functional properties of the Mauthner cell in the tadpole Rana catesbeiana. J. Neurophysiol. 44:135-150.
33. Roberts, A. 1989. A mechanism for switching in the nervous system: Turning on swimming in a frog tadpole. In R. Durbin, C. Mial, and G. Mitchson (eds.). The computing neurone, pp. 229-243. Addison Wesley, Wokingham.
34. Skelley, D. K. 1997. Tadpole communities. Amer. Sci. 85:36-45.
35. Smith, D. C. and J. Van Buskirk. 1995. Phenotypic design, plasticity, and ecological performance in two tadpole species. Amer. Natur. 145:211-233.
36. Stebbins, R. C. 1966. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. Houghton Miffin Co., Boston.
37. Stefanelli, A. 1951. The Mauthuerian apparatus in the Ichthyopsida: Its nature and function and correlated problems of neurohistogenesis. Q. Rev. Biol. 26:17-34.
38. Stehouwer, D. J. and P. B. Farel. 1980. Central and peripheral controls of swimming in anuran larvae. Brain. Res. 195:323-335.
39. Van Buskirk, J. and R. A. Relyea. 1998. Selection for phenotypic plasticity in Rana sylvatica tadpoles. Biol J. Linn. Soc. 65: 301-328. .'
40. Van Mier, P. 1986. The development of the motor system in the clawed toad, Xenopns laevis. CIP-DATA Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag.
41. Videler, J. J. 1993. Fish Swimming. Chapman and Hall, New York.
42. Wainwright, S. A. 1983. To bend and fish. In P. W. Webb and D. Weihs, (eds.), Fish biomechanics, pp. 68-91. Praeger, New York.
43. Wakeling, J. M, I. A. Johnston. 1998. Muscle power output limits fast-start performance in fish. J. exp. 'Biol. 201:1505-1526.
44. Wakeling, J. M., I. A. Johnston, 1999, Body bending during fast-starts in fish can be explained in terms of muscle torque and hydrodynamic resistance. J. exp. Biol. 202: 675-682.
45. Wardle, C. S., J. J. Videler, and J. D. Altringham. 1995. Review: Tuning in to fish swimming waves: Body form, swimming mode and muscle function. J. exp. Biol. 198:1629-1636.
46. Wassersug, R. 1973. Aspects of social behavior of anuran larvae. In James L. Vial (ed.). Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans: Contemporary research on major problems, pp. 273-297. Univ. Missouri Press, Columbia.
47. Wassersug, R. J. 1989. Locomotion in amphibian larvae (or "Why aren't tadpoles built like fishes?"). Amer. Zool. 29:65-84.
48. Wassersug, R. J. 1997n. Assessing and controlling am-phibian populations from the larval perspective. In D. Green (ed.). Amphibians in Decline: Canadian Studies of a Global Problem, 1:271-281. Herpetological Conservation.
49. Wassersug, R. }'. 19976. Where the tadpole meets the world: Observations and speculations on biomechanical and biochemical factors influencing metamorphosis in anurans. Amer. Zool. 37:124-136.
50. Wassersug, R. J. and K. vS. Hoff. 1985. The kinematics of swimming in anuran larvae. J. exp. Biol. 119:1-30.
51. Watanabe, K., F. Sasaki, and M. A. Khan 1978. Light and electron microscopic study of adenosine triphosphatase activity of anuran tadpole musculature. Histochcm. 55: 293-305.
52. Weihs, D. 1972. A hydrodynamical analysis of fish turning maneuvers. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 182: 59-72.
53. Webb, P. W. 1984. Body form, locomotion and foraging in aquatic vertebrates. Amer. Zool. 24:107-120.
54. Will, U. 1991. Amphibian Mauthner cells. Brain. Behav. Evol. 37:317-332.
55. Yoshida, M., A. Roberts, and S. R. Söffe. 1998. Axon projections of reciprocal inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord of young Xenopus tadpoles and implications for the pattern of inhibition during swimming and struggling. J. Comp. Neurol. 400: 504-518.
56. Zottoli, S. J., D. G. Feiner, J. R. Hering, and D. S. Faber. 1998. Behavioral recovery of fast startle responses after spinal cord crush in goldfish can occur in the absence of Mauthner cells. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 24:309.