메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 99, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 389-396

Task failure during fatiguing contractions performed by humans

Author keywords

Maximal force capacity; Motor unit; Muscle fatigue; Posture; Reflexes

Indexed keywords

BODY POSTURE; ELECTROMYOGRAM; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MOTOR UNIT; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE FATIGUE; MUSCLE FORCE; MYOTATIC REFLEX; NORMAL HUMAN; PRESSOR RESPONSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION; TASK PERFORMANCE; TORQUE;

EID: 23044507048     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00207.2005     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (70)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 0342703103 scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of the electromyogram
    • Adrian E. Interpretation of the electromyogram. Lancet 13: 1229-1233, 1925.
    • (1925) Lancet , vol.13 , pp. 1229-1233
    • Adrian, E.1
  • 2
    • 0020694353 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of reflex EMG and stiffness in response to stretch of a human finger muscle
    • Akazawa K, Milner TE, and Stein RB. Modulation of reflex EMG and stiffness in response to stretch of a human finger muscle. J Neurophysiol 49: 16-27, 1983.
    • (1983) J Neurophysiol , vol.49 , pp. 16-27
    • Akazawa, K.1    Milner, T.E.2    Stein, R.B.3
  • 3
    • 33847448896 scopus 로고
    • Observations in man upon blood pressure raising reflex arising from the voluntary muscles
    • Alam M and Smirk FH. Observations in man upon blood pressure raising reflex arising from the voluntary muscles. J Physiol 88: 372-383, 1937.
    • (1937) J Physiol , vol.88 , pp. 372-383
    • Alam, M.1    Smirk, F.H.2
  • 4
    • 0025216377 scopus 로고
    • Response profiles of human muscle spindle afferents during active finger movements
    • Al-Falahe NA, Nagaoka M, and Vallbo ÅB. Response profiles of human muscle spindle afferents during active finger movements. Brain 113: 325-346, 1990.
    • (1990) Brain , vol.113 , pp. 325-346
    • Al-Falahe, N.A.1    Nagaoka, M.2    Vallbo, Å.B.3
  • 5
    • 0025153081 scopus 로고
    • Reflex activation of muscle spindles in human pretibial muscles during standing
    • Aniss AM, Diener HC, Hore J, Burke D, and Gandevia SC. Reflex activation of muscle spindles in human pretibial muscles during standing. J Neurophysiol 64: 671-679, 1990.
    • (1990) J Neurophysiol , vol.64 , pp. 671-679
    • Aniss, A.M.1    Diener, H.C.2    Hore, J.3    Burke, D.4    Gandevia, S.C.5
  • 7
    • 0025214556 scopus 로고
    • Tonic vibration reflexes elicited during fatigue from maximal voluntary contractions in man
    • Bongiovanni LG and Hagbarth KE. Tonic vibration reflexes elicited during fatigue from maximal voluntary contractions in man. J Physiol 423: 1-14, 1990.
    • (1990) J Physiol , vol.423 , pp. 1-14
    • Bongiovanni, L.G.1    Hagbarth, K.E.2
  • 8
    • 0344393058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of human motoneurons to corticospinal stimulation during maximal voluntary contractions and ischemia
    • Butler JE, Taylor JL, and Gandevia SC. Responses of human motoneurons to corticospinal stimulation during maximal voluntary contractions and ischemia. J Neurosci 23: 10224-10230, 2003.
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 10224-10230
    • Butler, J.E.1    Taylor, J.L.2    Gandevia, S.C.3
  • 9
    • 0035426179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor unit behaviour and contractile changes during fatigue in the human first dorsal interosseus
    • Carpentier A, Duchateau J, and Hainaut K. Motor unit behaviour and contractile changes during fatigue in the human first dorsal interosseus. J Physiol 534: 903-912, 2001.
    • (2001) J Physiol , vol.534 , pp. 903-912
    • Carpentier, A.1    Duchateau, J.2    Hainaut, K.3
  • 10
    • 0034065816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significance of peripheral afferent input to the α-motoneurone pool for enhancement of tremor during an isometric fatiguing contraction
    • Cresswell AG and Löscher WN. Significance of peripheral afferent input to the α-motoneurone pool for enhancement of tremor during an isometric fatiguing contraction. Eur J Appl Physiol 82: 129-136, 2000.
    • (2000) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.82 , pp. 129-136
    • Cresswell, A.G.1    Löscher, W.N.2
  • 11
    • 0035652681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental simulation of cat electromyogram: Evidence for algebraic summation of motor-unit action-potential trains
    • Day SJ and Hulliger M. Experimental simulation of cat electromyogram: evidence for algebraic summation of motor-unit action-potential trains. J Neurophysiol 86: 2144-2158, 2001.
    • (2001) J Neurophysiol , vol.86 , pp. 2144-2158
    • Day, S.J.1    Hulliger, M.2
  • 12
    • 0020000410 scopus 로고
    • Behaviour of human motor units in different muscles during linearly varying contractions
    • De Luca CJ, LeFever RS, McCue MP, and Xenakis AP. Behaviour of human motor units in different muscles during linearly varying contractions. J Physiol 329: 113-128, 1982.
    • (1982) J Physiol , vol.329 , pp. 113-128
    • De Luca, C.J.1    Lefever, R.S.2    McCue, M.P.3    Xenakis, A.P.4
  • 13
    • 0037115284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stretch reflex gain in cat triceps surae muscles with compliant loads
    • De Serres SJ, Bennett DJ, and Stein RB. Stretch reflex gain in cat triceps surae muscles with compliant loads. J Physiol 545: 1027-1040, 2002.
    • (2002) J Physiol , vol.545 , pp. 1027-1040
    • De Serres, S.J.1    Bennett, D.J.2    Stein, R.B.3
  • 14
    • 0028029123 scopus 로고
    • Task-dependent modulation of short- and long-latency electromyographic responses in upper limb muscles
    • Dietz V, Discher M, and Trippel M. Task-dependent modulation of short- and long-latency electromyographic responses in upper limb muscles. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 93: 49-56, 1994.
    • (1994) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.93 , pp. 49-56
    • Dietz, V.1    Discher, M.2    Trippel, M.3
  • 15
    • 0037098738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflex regulation during sustained and intermittent submaximal contractions in humans
    • Duchateau J, Balestra C, Carpentier A, and Hainaut K. Reflex regulation during sustained and intermittent submaximal contractions in humans. J Physiol 541: 959-967, 2002.
    • (2002) J Physiol , vol.541 , pp. 959-967
    • Duchateau, J.1    Balestra, C.2    Carpentier, A.3    Hainaut, K.4
  • 16
    • 0027437683 scopus 로고
    • Behaviour of short and long latency reflexes in fatigued muscles
    • Duchateau J and Hainaut K. Behaviour of short and long latency reflexes in fatigued muscles. J Physiol 471: 787-79, 1993.
    • (1993) J Physiol , vol.471 , pp. 787-879
    • Duchateau, J.1    Hainaut, K.2
  • 17
    • 0026769827 scopus 로고
    • The neurobiology of muscle fatigue
    • Enoka RM and Stuart DG. The neurobiology of muscle fatigue. J Appl Physiol 72: 1631-1648, 1992.
    • (1992) J Appl Physiol , vol.72 , pp. 1631-1648
    • Enoka, R.M.1    Stuart, D.G.2
  • 18
    • 0027494360 scopus 로고
    • Motor unit recruitment during prolonged isometric contractions
    • Fallentin N, Jørgensen K, and Simonsen EB. Motor unit recruitment during prolonged isometric contractions. Eur J Appl Physiol 67: 335-341, 1993.
    • (1993) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.67 , pp. 335-341
    • Fallentin, N.1    Jørgensen, K.2    Simonsen, E.B.3
  • 19
    • 1642337026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extraction of neural strategies from the surface EMG
    • Farina D, Merletti R, and Enoka RM. The extraction of neural strategies from the surface EMG. J Appl Physiol 96: 1486-1495, 2004.
    • (2004) J Appl Physiol , vol.96 , pp. 1486-1495
    • Farina, D.1    Merletti, R.2    Enoka, R.M.3
  • 20
    • 0034783773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue
    • Gandevia SC. Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiol Rev 81: 1725-1789, 2001.
    • (2001) Physiol Rev , vol.81 , pp. 1725-1789
    • Gandevia, S.C.1
  • 21
    • 0028305327 scopus 로고
    • Behavior of motor units in human biceps brachii during a submaximal fatiguing contraction
    • Garland SJ, Enoka RM, Serrano LP, and Robinson GA. Behavior of motor units in human biceps brachii during a submaximal fatiguing contraction. J Appl Physiol 76: 2411-2419, 1994.
    • (1994) J Appl Physiol , vol.76 , pp. 2411-2419
    • Garland, S.J.1    Enoka, R.M.2    Serrano, L.P.3    Robinson, G.A.4
  • 22
    • 0034283252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling between serotoninergic and noradrenergic neurones and γ-motoneurones in the cat
    • Gladden MH, Maxwell DJ, Sahal A, and Jankowska E. Coupling between serotoninergic and noradrenergic neurones and γ-motoneurones in the cat. J Physiol 527: 213-223, 2000.
    • (2000) J Physiol , vol.527 , pp. 213-223
    • Gladden, M.H.1    Maxwell, D.J.2    Sahal, A.3    Jankowska, E.4
  • 23
    • 0035884354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle vibration sustains motor unit firing rate during submaximal isometric fatigue in humans
    • Griffin L, Garland SJ, Ivanova T, and Gossen ER. Muscle vibration sustains motor unit firing rate during submaximal isometric fatigue in humans. J Physiol 535: 929-936, 2001.
    • (2001) J Physiol , vol.535 , pp. 929-936
    • Griffin, L.1    Garland, S.J.2    Ivanova, T.3    Gossen, E.R.4
  • 25
    • 0023874183 scopus 로고
    • Increased inhibitory effects on close synergists during muscle fatigue in the decerebrate cat
    • Hayward L, Breitbach D, and Rymer WZ. Increased inhibitory effects on close synergists during muscle fatigue in the decerebrate cat. Brain Res 440: 199-203, 1988.
    • (1988) Brain Res , vol.440 , pp. 199-203
    • Hayward, L.1    Breitbach, D.2    Rymer, W.Z.3
  • 26
    • 13244298118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent inward currents in motoneuron dendrites: Implications for motor output
    • Heckman CJ, Gorassini M, and Bennett DJ. Persistent inward currents in motoneuron dendrites: implications for motor output. Muscle Nerve 31: 135-156, 2005.
    • (2005) Muscle Nerve , vol.31 , pp. 135-156
    • Heckman, C.J.1    Gorassini, M.2    Bennett, D.J.3
  • 27
    • 0027423910 scopus 로고
    • Fusimotor control of proprioceptive feedback during locomotion and balancing; can simple lessons be learned for artificial control of gait?
    • Hulliger M. Fusimotor control of proprioceptive feedback during locomotion and balancing; can simple lessons be learned for artificial control of gait? Prog Brain Res 97: 173-180, 1993.
    • (1993) Prog Brain Res , vol.97 , pp. 173-180
    • Hulliger, M.1
  • 28
    • 0021894053 scopus 로고
    • Discharge in muscle spindle afferents related to direction of slow precision movements in man
    • Hulliger M, Nordh E, and Vallbo ÅB. Discharge in muscle spindle afferents related to direction of slow precision movements in man. J Physiol 362: 437-453, 1985.
    • (1985) J Physiol , vol.362 , pp. 437-453
    • Hulliger, M.1    Nordh, E.2    Vallbo, Å.B.3
  • 30
    • 0037215180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in muscle activation can prolong the endurance time of a submaximal isometric contraction in humans
    • Hunter SK and Enoka RM. Changes in muscle activation can prolong the endurance time of a submaximal isometric contraction in humans. J Appl Physiol 94: 108-118, 2003.
    • (2003) J Appl Physiol , vol.94 , pp. 108-118
    • Hunter, S.K.1    Enoka, R.M.2
  • 31
    • 0035180816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in the fatigability of arm muscles depends on absolute force during isometric contractions
    • Hunter SK and Enoka RM. Sex differences in the fatigability of arm muscles depends on absolute force during isometric contractions. J Appl Physiol 91: 2686-2694, 2001.
    • (2001) J Appl Physiol , vol.91 , pp. 2686-2694
    • Hunter, S.K.1    Enoka, R.M.2
  • 32
    • 0038516882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation among the elbow flexor muscles differs when maintaining arm position during a fatiguing contraction
    • Hunter SK, Lepers R, MacGillis CJ, and Enoka RM. Activation among the elbow flexor muscles differs when maintaining arm position during a fatiguing contraction. J Appl Physiol 94: 2439-2447, 2003.
    • (2003) J Appl Physiol , vol.94 , pp. 2439-2447
    • Hunter, S.K.1    Lepers, R.2    MacGillis, C.J.3    Enoka, R.M.4
  • 33
    • 0036901173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task differences with the same load torque alter the endurance time of submaximal fatiguing contractions in humans
    • Hunter SK, Ryan DL, Ortega JD, and Enoka RM. Task differences with the same load torque alter the endurance time of submaximal fatiguing contractions in humans. J Neurophysiol 88: 3087-3096, 2002.
    • (2002) J Neurophysiol , vol.88 , pp. 3087-3096
    • Hunter, S.K.1    Ryan, D.L.2    Ortega, J.D.3    Enoka, R.M.4
  • 34
    • 0036824699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of medullary serotonergic neurons in freely moving animals
    • Jacobs BL, Martín-Cora FJ, and Fornal CA. Activity of medullary serotonergic neurons in freely moving animals. Brain Res Rev 40: 45-52, 2002.
    • (2002) Brain Res Rev , vol.40 , pp. 45-52
    • Jacobs, B.L.1    Martín-Cora, F.J.2    Fornal, C.A.3
  • 35
    • 0035930466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proprioceptive feedback is reduced during adaptation to a visuomotor transformation: Preliminary findings
    • Jones KE, Wessberg J, and Vallbo Å. Proprioceptive feedback is reduced during adaptation to a visuomotor transformation: preliminary findings. Neuroreport 12: 4029-4033, 2001.
    • (2001) Neuroreport , vol.12 , pp. 4029-4033
    • Jones, K.E.1    Wessberg, J.2    Vallbo, Å.3
  • 36
    • 0025289959 scopus 로고
    • Reflex effects on gamma fusimotor neurones of chemically induced discharges in small-diameter muscle afferents in decerebrate cats
    • Jovanovic K, Anastasijevic R, and Vuco J. Reflex effects on gamma fusimotor neurones of chemically induced discharges in small-diameter muscle afferents in decerebrate cats. Brain Res 521: 89-94, 1990.
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.521 , pp. 89-94
    • Jovanovic, K.1    Anastasijevic, R.2    Vuco, J.3
  • 37
    • 0032403284 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic response of human muscle spindle afferents to stretch during voluntary contraction
    • Kakuda N and Nagaoka M. Dynamic response of human muscle spindle afferents to stretch during voluntary contraction. J Physiol 513: 621-628, 1988.
    • (1988) J Physiol , vol.513 , pp. 621-628
    • Kakuda, N.1    Nagaoka, M.2
  • 38
    • 0031000920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is human muscle spindle afference dependent on perceived size of error in visual tracking?
    • Kakuda N, Wessberg J, and Vallbo ÅB. Is human muscle spindle afference dependent on perceived size of error in visual tracking? Exp Brain Res 114: 246-254, 1997.
    • (1997) Exp Brain Res , vol.114 , pp. 246-254
    • Kakuda, N.1    Wessberg, J.2    Vallbo, Å.B.3
  • 40
    • 0023718807 scopus 로고
    • Pressor reflex response to static muscular contraction: Its afferent arm and possible neurotransmitters
    • Kaufman MP, Rotto DM, and Rybicki KJ. Pressor reflex response to static muscular contraction: its afferent arm and possible neurotransmitters. Am J Cardiol 62: 58E-62E, 1988.
    • (1988) Am J Cardiol , vol.62
    • Kaufman, M.P.1    Rotto, D.M.2    Rybicki, K.J.3
  • 41
    • 11144343389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of amplitude cancellation on the simulated surface electromyogram
    • Keenan K, Farina D, Maluf KS, Merletti R, and Enoka RM. The influence of amplitude cancellation on the simulated surface electromyogram. J Appl Physiol 98: 120-131, 2005.
    • (2005) J Appl Physiol , vol.98 , pp. 120-131
    • Keenan, K.1    Farina, D.2    Maluf, K.S.3    Merletti, R.4    Enoka, R.M.5
  • 42
    • 0019364331 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic effects from chemically activated fine muscle afferents upon α-motoneurones in decerebrate and spinal cats
    • Kniffki KD, Schomburg ED, and Steffens H. Synaptic effects from chemically activated fine muscle afferents upon α-motoneurones in decerebrate and spinal cats. Brain Res 206: 361-370, 1981.
    • (1981) Brain Res , vol.206 , pp. 361-370
    • Kniffki, K.D.1    Schomburg, E.D.2    Steffens, H.3
  • 44
    • 0029670739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitatory drive to the α-motoneuron pool during a fatiguing submaximal contraction
    • Löscher WN, Cresswell AG, and Thorstensson A. Excitatory drive to the α-motoneuron pool during a fatiguing submaximal contraction. J Physiol 491: 271-280, 1996.
    • (1996) J Physiol , vol.491 , pp. 271-280
    • Löscher, W.N.1    Cresswell, A.G.2    Thorstensson, A.3
  • 45
    • 0030222033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent inhibition of soleus α-motoneurons during a sustained submaximal plantar flexion
    • Löscher WN, Cresswell AG, and Thorstensson A. Recurrent inhibition of soleus α-motoneurons during a sustained submaximal plantar flexion. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 101: 334-338, 1996.
    • (1996) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.101 , pp. 334-338
    • Löscher, W.N.1    Cresswell, A.G.2    Thorstensson, A.3
  • 46
    • 14144256519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time to task failure decreases with an increase in the gain of the position-feedback signal for a submaximal fatiguing contraction with the elbow flexor muscles
    • 392.14
    • MacGillis CJ, Hunter SK, Rochette L, and Enoka RM. Time to task failure decreases with an increase in the gain of the position-feedback signal for a submaximal fatiguing contraction with the elbow flexor muscles. Soc Neurosci Abstr 392.14, 2003.
    • (2003) Soc Neurosci Abstr
    • MacGillis, C.J.1    Hunter, S.K.2    Rochette, L.3    Enoka, R.M.4
  • 47
    • 0025799768 scopus 로고
    • Decline in spindle support to α-motoneurones during sustained voluntary contractions
    • Macefield G, Hagbarth KE, Gorman R, Gandevia SC, and Burke D. Decline in spindle support to α-motoneurones during sustained voluntary contractions. J Physiol 440: 497-512, 1991.
    • (1991) J Physiol , vol.440 , pp. 497-512
    • Macefield, G.1    Hagbarth, K.E.2    Gorman, R.3    Gandevia, S.C.4    Burke, D.5
  • 48
    • 3042663152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of muscle fatigue as assessed by electromyography and mechanomyography during continuous and intermittent low-force contractions: Effects of feedback mode
    • Madeleine P, Jørgensen LV, Søgaard K, Arendt-Nielssen L, and Søgaard G. Development of muscle fatigue as assessed by electromyography and mechanomyography during continuous and intermittent low-force contractions: effects of feedback mode. Eur J Appl Physiol 87: 28-37, 2002.
    • (2002) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.87 , pp. 28-37
    • Madeleine, P.1    Jørgensen, L.V.2    Søgaard, K.3    Arendt-Nielssen, L.4    Søgaard, G.5
  • 49
    • 28444466592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle activation and time to task failure differ with load type and contraction intensity for a human hand muscle
    • In press
    • Maluf KS, Shinohara M, Stephenson JL, and Enoka RM. Muscle activation and time to task failure differ with load type and contraction intensity for a human hand muscle. Exp Brain Res In press.
    • Exp Brain Res
    • Maluf, K.S.1    Shinohara, M.2    Stephenson, J.L.3    Enoka, R.M.4
  • 50
    • 0030710598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor control and cardiovascular responses during isoelectric contractions of the upper trapezius muscle: Evidence for individual adaptation strategies
    • Mathiassen SE and Aminoff T. Motor control and cardiovascular responses during isoelectric contractions of the upper trapezius muscle: evidence for individual adaptation strategies. Eur J Appl Physiol 76: 434-444, 1997.
    • (1997) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.76 , pp. 434-444
    • Mathiassen, S.E.1    Aminoff, T.2
  • 51
    • 0024534393 scopus 로고
    • The fatigability of two agonistic muscles in human isometric voluntary submaximal contraction: An EMG study. II. Motor unit firing rate and recruitment
    • Maton B and Gamet D. The fatigability of two agonistic muscles in human isometric voluntary submaximal contraction: an EMG study. II. Motor unit firing rate and recruitment. Eur J Appl Physiol 58: 369-374, 1989.
    • (1989) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.58 , pp. 369-374
    • Maton, B.1    Gamet, D.2
  • 52
    • 0015536497 scopus 로고
    • The contractile properties of human motor units during voluntary isometric contractions
    • Milner-Brown HS, Stein RB, and Yemm R. The contractile properties of human motor units during voluntary isometric contractions. J Physiol 228: 285-306, 1973.
    • (1973) J Physiol , vol.228 , pp. 285-306
    • Milner-Brown, H.S.1    Stein, R.B.2    Yemm, R.3
  • 53
    • 0004253357 scopus 로고
    • London: Swan Sonnenschein
    • Mosso A. Fatigue. London: Swan Sonnenschein, 1903.
    • (1903) Fatigue
    • Mosso, A.1
  • 54
    • 33444468527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor unit activity differs with the gain of the position-feedback signal for a submaximal fatiguing contraction
    • In press
    • Mottram CJ, Anderson MK, Hunter SK, and Enoka RM. Motor unit activity differs with the gain of the position-feedback signal for a submaximal fatiguing contraction. Med Sci Sports Exerc In press.
    • Med Sci Sports Exerc
    • Mottram, C.J.1    Anderson, M.K.2    Hunter, S.K.3    Enoka, R.M.4
  • 55
    • 14144253921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor unit activity differs with load type during a fatiguing contraction
    • Mottram CJ, Jakobi JM, Semmler JG, and Enoka RM. Motor unit activity differs with load type during a fatiguing contraction. J Neurophysiol 93: 1381-1393, 2005.
    • (2005) J Neurophysiol , vol.93 , pp. 1381-1393
    • Mottram, C.J.1    Jakobi, J.M.2    Semmler, J.G.3    Enoka, R.M.4
  • 56
    • 0034537320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular pressure of the infra- and supraspinatus muscles in relation to hand load and arm posture
    • Palmerud G, Forsman M, Sporrong H, Herberts P, and Kadefors R. Intramuscular pressure of the infra- and supraspinatus muscles in relation to hand load and arm posture. Eur J Appl Physiol 83: 223-230, 2000.
    • (2000) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.83 , pp. 223-230
    • Palmerud, G.1    Forsman, M.2    Sporrong, H.3    Herberts, P.4    Kadefors, R.5
  • 57
    • 0003012259 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of voluntary muscular fatigue
    • Reid C. The mechanism of voluntary muscular fatigue. J Physiol 29: 17-42, 1928.
    • (1928) J Physiol , vol.29 , pp. 17-42
    • Reid, C.1
  • 58
    • 0034652557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased muscle spindle sensitivity to movement during reinforcement manoeuvres in relaxed human subjects
    • Ribot-Ciscar E, Rossi-Durand C, and Roll JP. Increased muscle spindle sensitivity to movement during reinforcement manoeuvres in relaxed human subjects. J Physiol 523: 271-282, 2000.
    • (2000) J Physiol , vol.523 , pp. 271-282
    • Ribot-Ciscar, E.1    Rossi-Durand, C.2    Roll, J.P.3
  • 59
    • 0033528273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic excitability changes of group Ia fibres to muscle nociceptive stimulation in humans
    • Rossi A, Decchi B, and Ginanneschi F. Presynaptic excitability changes of group Ia fibres to muscle nociceptive stimulation in humans. Brain Res 818: 12-22, 1999.
    • (1999) Brain Res , vol.818 , pp. 12-22
    • Rossi, A.1    Decchi, B.2    Ginanneschi, F.3
  • 60
    • 0025082956 scopus 로고
    • Reflex control of the circulation during exercise: Chemoreflexes and mechanoreflexes
    • Rowell LB and O'Leary DS. Reflex control of the circulation during exercise: chemoreflexes and mechanoreflexes. J Appl Physiol 69: 407-418, 1990.
    • (1990) J Appl Physiol , vol.69 , pp. 407-418
    • Rowell, L.B.1    O'Leary, D.S.2
  • 61
    • 33847738764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time to failure during fatiguing contractions is influenced by the EMG activity of accessory muscles
    • In press
    • Rudroff T, Barry BK, Stone AL, and Enoka RM. Time to failure during fatiguing contractions is influenced by the EMG activity of accessory muscles. Med Sci Sports Exerc In press.
    • Med Sci Sports Exerc
    • Rudroff, T.1    Barry, B.K.2    Stone, A.L.3    Enoka, R.M.4
  • 62
    • 11144221948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Net excitation of the motor unit pool varied with load type during fatiguing contractions
    • Rudroff T, Poston B, Shin IS, Bojsen-Møller J, and Enoka RM. Net excitation of the motor unit pool varied with load type during fatiguing contractions. Muscle Nerve 31: 78-87, 2005.
    • (2005) Muscle Nerve , vol.31 , pp. 78-87
    • Rudroff, T.1    Poston, B.2    Shin, I.S.3    Bojsen-Møller, J.4    Enoka, R.M.5
  • 63
    • 0002236399 scopus 로고
    • Der einfluß muskelafferenzen auf den muskeltonus
    • edited by Bauer HJ, Koella WP, and Struppler A. Munich: Verlag für angewandte Wissenschaften
    • Schmidt RF, Kniffki KD, and Schomburg ED. Der Einfluß Muskelafferenzen auf den Muskeltonus. In: Therapie der Spastik, edited by Bauer HJ, Koella WP, and Struppler A. Munich: Verlag für angewandte Wissenschaften, 1981, p. 71-84.
    • (1981) Therapie der Spastik , pp. 71-84
    • Schmidt, R.F.1    Kniffki, K.D.2    Schomburg, E.D.3
  • 64
    • 0033927106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective enhancement of motoneurone short-term synchrony during an attention-demanding task
    • Schmied A, Pagni S, Sturm H, and Vedel JP. Selective enhancement of motoneurone short-term synchrony during an attention-demanding task. Exp Brain Res 133: 377-390, 2000.
    • (2000) Exp Brain Res , vol.133 , pp. 377-390
    • Schmied, A.1    Pagni, S.2    Sturm, H.3    Vedel, J.P.4
  • 65
    • 0027372164 scopus 로고
    • Influence of active muscle size on sympathetic nerve discharge during isometric contractions in humans
    • Seals DR. Influence of active muscle size on sympathetic nerve discharge during isometric contractions in humans. J Appl Physiol 75: 1426-1431, 1993.
    • (1993) J Appl Physiol , vol.75 , pp. 1426-1431
    • Seals, D.R.1
  • 66
    • 0033754582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle involvement during intermittent contraction patterns with different target force feedback modes
    • Sjøgaard G, Jørgensen LV, Ekner D, and Søgaard K. Muscle involvement during intermittent contraction patterns with different target force feedback modes. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 15, Suppl 1: S25-S29, 2000.
    • (2000) Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Sjøgaard, G.1    Jørgensen, L.V.2    Ekner, D.3    Søgaard, K.4
  • 67
    • 0024390006 scopus 로고
    • Differences in the activation of m. biceps brachii in the control of slow isotonic movements and isometric contractions
    • Tax AAM, Denier van der Gon JJ, Gielen CCAM, and van den Tempel CMM. Differences in the activation of m. biceps brachii in the control of slow isotonic movements and isometric contractions. Exp Brain Res 76: 55-63, 1989.
    • (1989) Exp Brain Res , vol.76 , pp. 55-63
    • Aam, T.1    Denier Van Der Gon, J.J.2    Gielen, C.C.A.M.3    Van Den Tempel, C.M.M.4
  • 68
    • 0025169699 scopus 로고
    • Differences in central control of m. biceps brachii in movement tasks and force tasks
    • Tax AAM, Denier van der Gon JJ, Gielen CCAM, and Kleyne M. Differences in central control of m. biceps brachii in movement tasks and force tasks. Exp Brain Res 79: 138-142, 1990.
    • (1990) Exp Brain Res , vol.79 , pp. 138-142
    • Tax, A.A.M.1    Van Denier Der Gon, J.J.2    Gielen, C.C.A.M.3    Kleyne, M.4
  • 69
    • 0034051774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of systemic arterial blood pressure on the contractile force of a human hand muscle
    • Wright JR, McCloskey DI, and Fitzpatrick RC. Effects of systemic arterial blood pressure on the contractile force of a human hand muscle. J Appl Physiol 88: 1390-1396, 2000.
    • (2000) J Appl Physiol , vol.88 , pp. 1390-1396
    • Wright, J.R.1    McCloskey, D.I.2    Fitzpatrick, R.C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.