Climate change: Permanent El Niño-like conditions during the Pliocene warm period

Science

Volumn 309, Issue 5735, 2005, Pages 758-761

  Wara, Michael W ^a   Ravelo, Ana Christina ^a   Delaney, Margaret L ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; WATER WAVES;

EL NINO& TILD;O CONDITIONS; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ZONAL ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION;

CLIMATE CHANGE;

CLIMATE CHANGE; EL NINO; PLIOCENE; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WARMING;

ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; EL NINO; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; HEAT ACCLIMATIZATION; PLIOCENE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEA; TEMPERATURE;

OCEANIC REGIONS; PACIFIC OCEAN; WORLD;

EID: 23044489603     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1112596     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. M. A. Cane, Science 282, 59 (1998).
2. M. J. McPhaden, D. Zhang, Nature 415, 603 (2002).
3. U. Cubasch et al., in Climate Change 2001, The Scientific Basis, J. T. Houghton, Y. Ding, Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2001), pp. 525-582.
4. A. V. Fedorov, S. G. H. Philander, J. Clim. 14, 3086 (2001).
5. A. V. Fedorov, S. G. Philander, Science 288, 1997 (2000).
6. D. S. Battisti, A. C. Hirst, J. Atmos. Sci. 46, 1687 (1989).
7. D.-E. Sun, T. Zhang, S.-I. Shin, J. Clim. 17, 3786 (2004).
8. K. E. Trenberth, J. M. Caron, D. P. Stepaniak, S. Worley, J. Geophys. Res. 107, 10.1029/2000JD000298 (2002).
9. D.-E. Sun, J. Clim. 16, 185 (2003).
10. D.-E. Sun, J. Fasullo, T. Zhang, A. Roubicek, J. Clim. 16, 2425 (2003).
11. G. Boccaletti, R. C. Pacanowski, S. G. H. Philander, A. V. Fedorov, J. Phys. Oceanogr. 34, 888 (2004).
12. A. V. Fedorov, R. C. Pacanowski, S. G. H. Philander, G. Boccaletti, J. Phys. Oceanogr. 34, 1949 (2004).
13. K. B. Rodgers, P. Friederichs, M. Latif, J. Clim. 17, 3761 (2004).
14. A. Timmermann, Global Planet. Change 37, 135 (2003).
15. M. A. Cane, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 230, 227 (2005).
16. A. C. Ravelo, D. H. Andreasen, M. Lyle, A. O. Lyle, M. W. Wara, Nature 429, 263 (2004), and references therein.
17. J. H. Yin, D. S. Battisti, J. Clim. 14, 565 (2001).
18. P. S. Dekens, D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, H. J. Spero, Geochem. Geophys. Geosystems 3, 1022 (2002).
19. Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online.
20. R. E. M. Rickaby, P. Halloran, Science 307, 1948 (2005).
21. A. M. Haywood, P. Dekens, A. C. Ravelo, M. Williams, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 6, 10.1029/2004GC000799 (2005).
22. K. Cannariato, A. C. Ravelo, Paleoceanography 12, 805 (1997).
23. A. C. Ravelo, M. W. Wara, Oceanography 17, 22 (2004).
24. A. C. Ravelo, R. G. Fairbanks, Paleoceanography 7, 815 (1992).
25. D. J. Andreasen, A. C. Ravelo, Paleoceanography 12, 395 (1997).
26. 18O per °C from (35).
27. W. Chaisson, A. C. Ravelo, Paleoceanography 15, 497 (2000).
28. S. G. H. Philander, A. V. Fedorov, Paleoceanography 18, 1045 10.1029/2002PA000837 (2003).
29. F. B. Schwing, T. Murphee, P. M. Green, Prog. Oceanogr. 53, 115 (2002).
30. P. Molnar, M. A. Cane, Paleoceanography 17, 11-1 (2002).
31. H. Dowsett, J. Barron, R. Poore, Mar. Micropaleontology 27, 13 (1996).
32. J. R. Marlow, C. B. Lange, G. Wefer, A. Roselle-Melé, Science 290, 2288 (2000).
33. 18O of seawater are probably negligible.
34. J. Bjerknes, Mon. Weather Rev. 97, 163 (1969).
35. B. E. Bemis, H. J. Spero, J. Bjima, D. W. Lea, Paleoceanography 13, 150 (1998).
36. E. Kalnay et al., Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 77, 437 (1996).
37. Data are available at www.cdc.noaa.gov.
38. We thank M. Cane, G. Philander, A. Fedorov, and P. Molnar for helpful discussions; R. Franks for analytical support; and A. Schilla, C. Ziegler, and M. Flower for help with sample preparation and analysis. We thank the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) for supplying samples. The ODP is sponsored by NSF and participating countries under the management of Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI), Incorporated. We thank NSF (grant to A.C.R.) for funding this work. Requests for data should be sent to A.C.R.