Beyond Gratz and Grutter: Prospects for affirmative action in the aftermath of the Supreme Court's Michigan decisions

Review of Policy Research

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 541-553

  Elliott, Euel W ^a   Ewoh, Andrew I E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS   (United States)

^b PRAIRIE VIEW A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HIGHER EDUCATION; LEGAL SYSTEM; POLICY MAKING;

MICHIGAN; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

EID: 22944487702     PISSN: 1541132X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-1338.2005.00154.x     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Aggie Daily. (2004, January 9). President Gates' press release regarding the institution's legacy policy. Retrieved from http:// rev.tamu.edu/stories/04/010904-5.html.
2. Arenson, K. W. (2003, December 30). Colleges to help black men stay enrolled. The New York Times, p. A1.
3. Besharov, D. J., & Sullivan, T. S. (1996). One flesh: America is experiencing an unprecedented increase in black-white intermarriage. The New Democrat (July/August), 19-21.
4. Block, M. (Host). (2004, January 13). Robert Gates tells how Texas A&M University has eliminated their legacy program [Interview]. Washington, DC: National Public Radio.
5. Bowen, W., & Bok, D. (1998). The shape of the river: Long-term consequences of considering race in college and university admissions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
6. Carcieri, M. D. (2004a). The University of Michigan affirmative action cases and public personnel decisions. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 24, 70-76.
7. Carcieri, M. D. (2004b). Rejoinder: Commenting on Anthony Sisnero's "Marching in the procession of precaution?" Review of Public Personnel Administration, 24, 183-188.
8. Casement, W. (2001). Percentage plans and college admission. Academic Questions, 14, 8-36.
9. Cavanagh, S. (2003). Affirmative action rulings seen yielding refinements in college-entrance plans. Education Week, 22(42), 29.
10. DeFunis v. Odegaard 416 U.S. 312 (1974).
11. Elliott, E., & Ewoh, A. I. E. (2000). The evolution of an issue: The rise and decline of affirmative action. Policy Studies Reviev, 17 (2/3), 212-237.
12. Ewoh, A. I. E., & Elliott, E. (1997). End of an era? Affirmative action and reaction in the 1990s. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 17(4): 38-51.
13. Frances, M., & Symonds, W. C. (2003, July 7). Diversity is about to get more elusive. Business Week, p. 16.
14. George, M. (2004, May 28). U-M's next class looks whiter. The Detroit Free Press, Metro Final Edition, p. 1A.
15. Golden, D. (2002, July 12). To get in to UCLA, it helps to face "life challenges." The Wall Street Journal, p. 1.
16. Golden, D. (2003, December 30). Not black and white: Colleges cut minority programs after Court rulings. The Wall Street Journal, p. 1.
17. Gratz v. Bollinger, 123 U.S. 2411 (2003).
18. Grutter v. Bollinger, 123 U.S. 2325 (2003).
19. Healey, J. (1995). Race, ethnicity, gender and class: The sociology of group conflict and change. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
20. Hopwood v. Texas. 78 F 3d. 932, 5th Circuit Court (1996).
21. Johnson v. Board of Regents of University of Georgia 99-00169-CV-4 (2001).
22. Klein, J. (2003, July 7). How the Supreme Court redeemed Bush. Time, p. 27.
23. Kollowski, D. (1998). Richard Nixon and the origins of affirmative action. Historian, 60(3), 523-541.
24. Levy, C. A. (2003, July 18). Colleges should take no comfort in the Supreme Court's reprieve. The Chronicle of Higher Education, p. B11.
25. Lipset, S. M. (1992). Equal chances versus equal results. The Anuals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 523 (September), 63-74.
26. Magagnini, S. (2004, October 8). Prop 54 soundly beaten: Tbe tide turned when foes of the ballot measure shifted gears from bias to health care. The Sacramento Bee, (Metro Final Edition), p. EI.9.
27. Michaelson, M. (2003, July 18). The courts pronouncements are more dramatic and subtle than the headlines. The Chronicle of Higher Education, p. B11.
28. Minority enrollment increasing, but numbers can be better, officials say. (2002). Houston Chronicle. Retrieved August 7, 2002, from http://chron.com/content/archive.
29. Myers, S., L. Jr., & Turner, C. S. (2001). Affirmative action retrendiment and labor market outcomes for African American faculty, Ir B. Lindsay & M. Justiz (Eds.), The quest for equality in higher education (pp. 63-98). New York: New York State University Press.
30. Nall K. C. (2004). From Balde to Grutter and Gratz: The Supreme Court as policy making institution. Review of Policy Research, 21, 40-427.
31. National Collegiate Athletic Association (2003). NCAA Division I graduation rates rise to 62 percent: Increase attributed to increase eligibility standards. Retrieved from http://www.ncaa.org/release/ research/2003090201rc.htm.
32. Naylor, L. A., & Rosenbloom, D. H. (2004). Adarand, Gruller and Gratz: Does affirmative action in federal employment matter? Review of Public Personnel Administration, 24, 150-174.
33. Nixon, Richard M. (1969). Statement urging Senate and House conferees to permit continued implementation of the Philadelphia plan. December 19, 1969 Public Papers of President Richard Nixon. Retrieved from http:// nixonfoundation.org/Research_Center/PublicPapers.cfm?BookSelected=1969.
34. O'Sullivan, J. (2003, July 28). Affirmative action forever? The National Review, p. 14.
35. Perlmann, Joel. (1997). "Multiracials," racial classification, and American intermarriage: The public's interest. Working Paper No. 195, pp. 1-148. Retrieved from http://econwpa.wustl.edu:80/eps/mac/papers/97/ 2004.pdf.
36. Podheresky v. Kirwan. 58 F. 3d. 147, 4th Circuit Court of Apeal, Richmond (1994).
37. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978).
38. Rosen, J. (2003, July 7 July 14). Ligilt footprint: Getting affirmative action right. The New Republic, 229(1/2), 16.
39. Sabbagh, D. (2003). Judicial uses of subterfuge: Affirmative action considered. Political Science Quarterly, 118(3), 411-436.
40. Schmidt, P. (2004, January 30). New pressure put on colleges to end legacies in admission. The Chronicle of Higher Education, p. A19.
41. Schmidt, P. (2003, July 18). Affirmative action light is renewed in the states. The Chronicle of Higher Education, p. A19.
42. Sisneros, A. (2004). Marching in the procession of precaution? A rebutial to Martin D. Carcieri's "The University of Michigan affirmative action cases and public personnel decisions." Review of Public Personnel Administration, 24, 17-182.
43. Skrentny, J. G. (2001, February 16). Affirmative action and new demographic realities. The Chronicle of Higher Education, p.23.
44. Smith v. University of Washington 233 F 3d 1188 (2000).
45. Smart Voter. (2004). Proposition 54: Classification by race, ethnicity, color, or national origin. Retrieved from http://smartvoter.org/2003/10/ 07/ca/state/prop/54/
46. Spann, G. A. (2000). The law of affirmative action. New York: New York University Press.
47. United States Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2003). [Education Tables] Enrollment in postsecondary institutions, fall 2001 and financial statistics, fiscal year 2001, NCES 2004-155, by L. G. Knapp et al. Washington, DC: Author.
48. Walsh, M. (2003). Justicea give K-12 go-ahead to prornote diversity. Education Week, 22(42), 1.