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Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 1509-1525

Branch growth and sidebranching in snow crystals

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EID: 22744434561     PISSN: 15287483     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/cg049685v     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (73)
  • 23
    • 0003524428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford University Press: Oxford
    • Many experiments that indicate surface quasi-liquid are summarized in Petrenko, V. F.; Whitworth, R. W. Physics of Ice; Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1999.
    • (1999) Physics of Ice
    • Petrenko, V.F.1    Whitworth, R.W.2
  • 29
    • 33044508131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • In the linear regime, the growth rate equals that in which all molecules that impinge on the surface can be assumed to grow into the crystal, and the rate of surface evaporation equals that which occurs in equilibrium. When some surface process increases the evaporation flux, the growth rate is less than the linear value (ref 48, eq 3).
  • 34
    • 33044483216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • r can be divided into small areas in which each has a nearly uniform R.
  • 41
    • 33044483353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • s/p for symmetric step capture with p the face perimeter.
  • 42
    • 0002816969 scopus 로고
    • s, the growth rate dependence on supersaturation is more complex than the pure-vapor case (Gilmer, G. H.; Ghez, R.; Cabrera, N. J. Cryst. Growth 1971, 8, 79).
    • (1971) J. Cryst. Growth , vol.8 , pp. 79
    • Gilmer, G.H.1    Ghez, R.2    Cabrera, N.3
  • 43
    • 33044489009 scopus 로고
    • Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
    • The dependence was shown to be roughly quadratic in Nelson, J. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 1994.
    • (1994)
    • Nelson, J.1
  • 44
    • 0001810680 scopus 로고
    • Pamplin, B. R., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Great Britain
    • Lewis, B. Crystal Growth; Pamplin, B. R., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Great Britain, 1980; p 23.
    • (1980) Crystal Growth , pp. 23
    • Lewis, B.1
  • 50
    • 33044489734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The sporadic regime at the lowest supersaturations can probably be ruled out for branched snow crystals because it requires that each step spreads across the face before the next one nucleates. With such a process, it would be hard to explain the inferred clumping of steps into macrosteps that occurs symmetrically on all six branches.
  • 52
    • 33044507970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • i away from face i.
  • 54
    • 33044493980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 54 Photos of crystals with open pits, sealed-off voids, and combinations of both are on pages 24-49 of ref 55.
  • 62
    • 33044503494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • S2(C) and form a macrostep. It is not clear whether this actually occurs; but it cannot presently be ruled out. Nevertheless, the result is essentially the same as the more likely process sketched in Figure 10.
  • 63
    • 33044503218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • ss.
  • 64
    • 33044488006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See http://www.its.caltech.edu/~atomic/. Accessed March 1, 2004.
  • 66
    • 33044495274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA Agricultural Research Center's Electron Microscopy Unit Snow Page
    • USDA Agricultural Research Center's Electron Microscopy Unit Snow Page. http://www.lpsi.barc.usda.gov/emusnow/. Accessed November 10, 2002.
  • 68
    • 33044482497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • personal communication
    • Later experiments showed severe erosion at the base of sidebranches during crystal evaporation and evidence that the fragile sidebranches sometimes detached (Takahashi, T., personal communication).
    • Takahashi, T.1
  • 70
    • 33044483765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Equation A5 in ref 28 has a few typos that are easily corrected by re-deriving it from A3 and A4.
  • 71
    • 33044495608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hokkaido Education University's Snow Quest web page. in Japanese
    • Hokkaido Education University's Snow Quest web page. http://yukipro.sap. hokkyodai.ac.jp (in Japanese). Accessed November 10, 2002.
  • 72
    • 33044508385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • cr at an inside corner (e.g., D′ in Figure 5) might be lower than that away from a corner, but this has not been studied.
  • 73
    • 0000919555 scopus 로고
    • As a counter-example of the 6-fold symmetric snow crystal, bullet rosettes, in which columnar crystals grow outward from a common center, do not generally have columnar "branches" of the same length and thickness. (See photos in Gow, A. J. Glaciol. 1965, 5, 461.)
    • (1965) J. Glaciol. , vol.5 , pp. 461
    • Gow, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.