Bringing the Russian state back in: Explanations of the derailed transition to market democracy

Comparative Politics

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 477-498

  Roberts, Cynthia ^a   Sherlock, Thomas ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 22644450833     PISSN: 00104159     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/422241     Document Type: Review

References (121)

1. Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 165ff.;
2. Peter Rutland, "Has Democracy Failed Russia?" National Interest (Winter 1994-1995), 3-12;
3. Stephen White, Richard Rose, and Ian McAllister, How Russia Votes (Chatham: Chatham House, 1997), pp. 269ff.
4. See Peter Stavrakis, State-Building in Post-Soviet Russia: The Chicago Boys and the Decline of Administrative Capacity (Washington, D.C.: Kennan Institute, 1993).
5. Jeffrey D. Sachs, "Life in the Economic Emergency Room," in John Williamson, ed., The Political Economy of Policy Reform (Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1993), pp. 501-24;
6. Anders Aslund, How Russia Became a Market Economy (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1995).
7. See, for example, Stephen Handelman, Comrade Criminal: The Theft of the Second Russian Revolution (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995);
8. Richard Lotspeich, "Crime in Transitional Economies," Europe-Asia Studies, 47 (1995), 555-89;
9. Victor Sergeyev, The Wild East: Crime and Lawlessness in Post-Communist Russia (Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 1998);
10. Andrew L. A. Goodman, "Organized Crime and Corruption in Russia and the NIS: A Framework for Comparative Analysis," unpublished ms., 1997.
11. Barbara Geddes, Politician's Dilemma: Building State Capacity in Latin America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994);
12. Barry Ames, Political Survival: Politicians and Public Policy in Latin America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987);
13. Beverly Crawford, "Post-Communist Political Economy: A Framework for the Analysis of Reform," in Beverly Crawford, ed., Markets, States, and Democracy (Boulder: Westview, 1995).
14. Douglass North, Structure and Change in Economic History (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981). In Russia most rents went to Yeltsin's supporters, not him or the state.
15. Joel Hellman, "Winners Take All: The Politics of Partial Reform in Postcommunist Transitions," World Politics, 50 (January 1998), 203-34.
16. Also, Daniel S. Treisman, "Fighting Inflation in a Transitional Regime: Russia's Anomalous Stabilization," World Politics. 50 (January 1998), 235-65.
17. Theda Skocpol, States and Social Revolutions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), p. 29.
18. Max Weber, Economy and Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978), p. 56.
19. Stephen D. Krasner, "Economic Interdependence and Independent Statehood," in Robert H. Jackson and Alan James, eds., States in a Changing World (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), pp. 313-21;
20. Stephen D. Krasner, "State Power and the Structure of International Trade," World Politics, 28 (1976), 317-47;
21. Peter J. Katzenstein, ed., Between Power and Plenty: Foreign Economic Policies of Advanced Industrial States (Madison: University of Wisconson Press, 1978).
22. Peter J. Katzenstein, Small States in World Markets: Industrial Policy in Europe (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985).
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24. Stephen D. Krasner, Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy (Princeton: Princeton Unversity Press, 1978).
25. Peter Gourevitch, "The Second Image Reversed: The International Sources of Domestic Politics," International Organization, 32 (Autumn 1978), 881-911;
26. Robert D. Putnam, "Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-level Games," International Organization, 42 (Summer 1988), 427-60;
27. Helen V. Milner, Interests, Institutions, and Information: Domestic Politics and International Relations (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997).
28. Merilee Grindle, Challenging the State: Crisis and innovation in Latin America and Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
29. See Arthur L. Stinchcombe, Constructing Social Theories (New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1968), p. 161.
30. Theda Skocpol, "Bringing the State Back In: Strategies of Analysis in Current Research," in Peter Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol, eds., Bringing the State Back In (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp. 6, 8, 9-20.
31. North, Structure;
32. Douglas North, Institutions, International Change and Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990);
33. Oliver E. Williamson, The Economic Institutions of Capitalism (New York: The Free Press, 1985).
34. World Bank, The State in a Changing World (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997).
35. Robert Putnam with Robert Leonardi and Raffaella Y. Nanetti, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993), p. 176.
36. For example, Joan Nelson, Jacek Kochanowicz, Kalman Mizsei, and Oscar Munoz, Intricate Links: Democratization and Market Reforms in Latin America and Eastern Europe (New Brunswick: Transaction, 1994).
37. Guillermo O'Donnell and Philippe C. Schmitter, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986).
38. Nancy Bermeo, "Sacrifice, Sequence, and Strength in Successful Dual Transitions: Lessons from Spain," Journal of Politics, 56 (August 1994), 601-27.
39. Kazimierz Z. Poznanski, "Political Economy of Privatization in Eastern Europe";
40. and Alec Nove, "Economics of Transition: Some Gaps and Illusions," in Crawford, ed.
41. Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 5.
42. Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation Ibid., pp. 16-17.
43. Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation Ibid., pp. 7ff.
44. See Michael Burton, Richard Gunther, and John Higley, "Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe: An Overview," in John Higley and Richard Gunther, eds., Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), p. 343.
45. Nove, p. 244. Also, Michael McFaul, "State Power, Institutional Change, and the Politics of Privatization in Russia," World Politics, 47 (January 1995), 236;
46. Jerry Hough, Evelyn Davidheiser, and Susan Goodrich Lehmann, The 1996 Russian Presidential Election (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1996), ch. 2; and Stavrakis.
47. Linz and Stepan, p. 397.
48. See Hellman.
49. Aslund, How Russia, p. 11;
50. and Anders Aslund, ed., Economic Transformation in Russia (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994).
51. For critiques of the gradualist approach, see Josef C. Brada, "The Transformation from Communism to Capitalism: How Far? How Fast?," Post-Soviet Affairs, 9 (April-June 1993);
52. Kevin Murphy, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny, "The Transition to a Market Economy: The Pitfalls of Partial Reform," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107 (August 1992), 889-906.
53. Joseph Blasi, Maya Kroumova, and Douglas Kruse Blasi, Kremlin Capitalism (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997).
54. Joseph Blasi, Maya Kroumova, and Douglas Kruse Blasi, Kremlin Capitalism Ibid., pp. 2, 26.
55. New York Times, Jan. 6, 1992.
56. Blasi et al., pp. 28, 173ff.
57. Ibid., ch. 1, esp. pp. 38-39.
58. Cited in ibid., pp. 35, 228; also, Aslund, How Russia, ch. 2.
59. See Michael Ellman and Vladimir Kontorovich, eds., The Destruction of the Soviet Economic System: An Insider's History (Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 1998), esp. the contributions by Yevgenii Yasin;
60. Andrei Shliefer, "Agenda for Russian Reforms," Economics of Transition, 5 (May 1997), 227-31;
61. Aslund, How Russia.
62. See Steven Lee Solnick, Stealing the State: Control and Collapse in Soviet Institutions (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998).
63. See Maxim Boycko, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny, Privatizing Russia (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1996), pp. 47-67;
64. Andrei Shliefer and Robert Vishny, "Privatization in Russia: First Steps," in Olivier Jean Blanchard, Kenneth A. Froot, and Jeffrey D. Sachs, eds., The Transition in Eastern Europe: Restructuring, vol. 2 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), pp. 137-64;
65. Sanford J. Grossman and Oliver D. Hart, "The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration," Journal of Political Economy, 94 (1986), 691-719.
66. Putnam, p. 184.
67. Jacek Kolchanowicz, "Reforming Weak States and Deficient Bureaucracies," in Nelson et al.
68. This section draws on Blasi et al., ch. 2.
69. McFaul, p. 232.
70. Blasi et al., p. 58.
71. Ibid., pp. 74-75.
72. Boris Nemtsov, "The Voice of 'People's Capitalism'," Business Week, Feb. 23, 1998;
73. interview with Nemtsov in Moskovskiy Komsomolets, Aug. 19, 1997.
74. Nemstov; Juliet Johnson, "Russia's Emerging Financial-Industrial Groups," Post-Soviet Affairs, 13 (October-December 1997).
75. Anders Aslund, "Why the Doomsayers Are Wrong about Russia," The Weekly Standard, Dec. 29, 1997;
76. Anders Aslund, "The Myth of Oligarchy," Moscow Times, Jan. 29, 1998;
77. Forbes, Sept. 7, 1998.
78. See Vladimir Shlapentokh, "Early Feudalism - the Best Parallel for Contemporary Russia," Europe-Asia Studies, 48 (1996), 393-411.
79. Mikhail Delyagin, RIA Novosti, Apr. 24, 1998;
80. Chrystia Freeland, "A People on the Edge of a Precipice," Financial Times, Apr. 9, 1997.
81. Yegor Gaidar, Dni porazheniia i pobed (Moscow: Vagrius, 1996), p. 353.
82. Conversation with Larisa Piasheva, September 1993.
83. Darrell Slider, "Privatization in Russia's Regions," Post-Soviet Affairs, 10 (October-December 1994);
84. Lilia Shevtsova, "The Two Sides of the New Russia," Journal of Democracy, 6 (July 1995), 56-71;
85. Daniel Treisman, "The Politics of Fiscal Redistribution in Post-Communist Russia" (unpublished Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1994).
86. See S. Sokolov and S. Pluzhnikov, Komsomolskaya pravda, Sept. 23, 1992;
87. Jonathan Steele, Eternal Russia (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994), p. 356;
88. Grigory Satarov et al., "Rossiia i korruptsiia: Kto kogo" (unpublished report, Moscow, 1998);
89. interview with Yuriy Boldyrev, Komsomolskaya pravda, Mar. 6, 1998;
90. Anne Williamson, Interview with chief auditor V Sokolov, MoJo Wire, June 16-22, 1998.
91. Johnson, pp. 26-27.
92. Hellman.
93. Clifford G. Gaddy and Barry W. Ickes, "Russia's Virtual Economy," Foreign Affairs, 77 (September-October 1998), 53-67.
94. Business Week, Mar. 31, 1997.
95. Aslund, How Russia, pp. 95-96, 294-95, 313.
96. See Linz and Stepan, p. 391.
97. Stanley G. Payne, The Spanish Revolution (New York: Norton, 1970);
98. Stanley G. Payne, The Franco Regime: 1936-1975 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987).
99. Hall, ed., States in History, p. 288.
100. Michael Burton, Richard Gunther, and John Higley, "Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe: An Overview," in Higley and Gunther, eds., pp. 345-46.
101. John Lowenhardt, The Reincarnation of Russia (Durham: Duke University Press, 1995), p. 161.
102. Gaidar, Dni porazheniia i pobed;
103. interview with Chubais, Forbes, Feb. 23, 1998.
104. Chubais also clashed with Luzhkov over the violation of privatization laws, but Yeltsin again protected Luzhkov. Slider, p. 382.
105. Yitzhak Brudny, "The Dynamics of 'Democratic Russia,' 1990-1993," Post-Soviet Affairs, 9 (April-June 1993), 141-70; McFaul, p. 226.
106. M. Steven Fish, Democracy from Scratch: Opposition and Regime in the New Russian Revolution (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995), pp. 60, 65.
107. Democracy from Scratch: Opposition and Regime in the New Russian Revolution Ibid., p. 93.
108. Democracy from Scratch: Opposition and Regime in the New Russian Revolution Ibid., p. 210.
109. M. Steven Fish, "The Advent of Multipartism in Russia, 1993-1995," Post-Soviet Affairs, 11 (October-December 1995), 340-83.
110. Yitzhak M. Brudny, "Neoliberal Economic Reforms and the Consolidation of Democracy in Russia," in Karen Dawisha, ed., The International Dimension of Post-Communist Transitions in Russia and the New States of Eurasia (Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 1997), p. 308.
111. Michael McFaul, Russia's 1996 Presidential Election: The End of Polarized Politics (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1997), p. 93.
112. Giovanni Sartori, Parties and Party Systems, vol. 1 (London: Cambridge University Press, 1976), pp. 131fF.
113. Stefan Hedlund and Niclas Sundstrom, "The Russian Economy after Systemic Change," Europe-Asia Studies, 48 (1996), 907;
114. Boris Fyodorov, "Macroeconomic Policy and Stabilisation in Russia," in Anders Aslund, ed., Russian Economic Reform at Risk (New York: Pinter, 1995), p. 15.
115. Janine R. Wedel, Collision and Collusion: The Strange Case of Western Aid to Eastern Europe, 1989-1998 (forthcoming).
116. Boycko, p. 143.
117. Guillermo O'Donnell, "Delegative Democracy," Journal of Democracy, 5 (January 1994), 55-69.
118. Stephen White, Richard Rose, and Ian McAllister, How Russia Votes (Chatham: Chatham House, 1997), p. 133.
119. Peter Rutland, "Yeltsin: Problem, Not Solution," National Interest, 49 (Fall 1997), 30-41.
120. Mariya Dementyeva, Novye Izvestiya, Feb. 21, 1998;
121. Igor Vandenko, Izvestiya, Sept. 4, 1996.