Advances in THz quantum cascade lasers: Fulfilling the application potential

Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE

Volumn 5738, Issue , 2005, Pages 146-158

  Tredicucci, Alessandro ^a   Mahler, Lukas ^a   Losco, Tonia ^a   Xu, Jihua ^a   Mauro, Cosimo ^a   Köhler, Růdeger ^a   Beere, Harvey E ^b   Ritchie, David A ^b   Linfield, Edmund H ^c  

^a SCUOLA NORMALE SUPERIORE   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Intersubband transitions; Quantum cascade lasers; Surface plasmons; Terahertz

Indexed keywords

DIFFRACTION GRATINGS; HETEROJUNCTIONS; OPTICAL RESONATORS; OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES; PHOTONS; QUANTUM OPTICS;

INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS; QUANTUM CASCADE LASERS; SURFACE PLASMONS; TERAHERTZ;

SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS;

EID: 21844457393     PISSN: 16057422     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1117/12.597121     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (31)

1. J. Faist, F. Capasso, D. L. Sivco, C. Sirtori, A. L. Hutchinson, and A. Y. Cho, "Quantum cascade laser," Science 264, pp. 553-556, 1994.
2. M. Beck, D. Hofstetter, T. Aellen, J. Faist, U. Osterle, M. Illegems, E. Gini, and H. Melchior, "Continuous wave operation of a mid-infrared semiconductor laser at room temperature," Science 295, pp. 301-305, 2002.
3. A. Evans, J. S. Yu, J. David, L. Doris, K. Mi, S. Slivken, and M. Razeghi, "High-temperature high-power continuous-wave operation of buried heterostructure quantum-cascade lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, pp. 314-316, 2004.
4. M. Rochat, J. Faist, M. Beck, U. Oesterle, and M. Ilegems, "Far-infrared (λ ∼ 88μm) electroluminescence in a quantum cascade structure," Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, pp. 3724-3726, 1998.
5. B. S. Williams, B. Xu, Q. Hu, and M. R. Melloch, "Narrow-linewidth terahertz intersubband emission from three-level systems," Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, pp. 2927-2929, 1999.
6. J. Ulrich, R. Zobl, W. Schrenk, G. Strasser, K. Unterrainer, and E. Gornik, "Terahertz quantum cascade structures: intra- versus interwell transition," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, pp. 1928-1930, 2000.
7. R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, "Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser," Nature 417, pp. 156-159, 2002.
8. M. Rochat, G. Scalari, D. Hofstetter, M. Beck, J. Faist, H. Beere, G. Davies, E. Linfield, and D. Ritchie, "Continuous-wave operation of far-infrared quantum cascade lasers," Electron. Lett. 38, pp. 1675-1676, 2002.
9. S. Barbieri, J. Alton, S. S. Dhillon, H. E. Beere, M. Evans, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, and F. Beltram, "Continuous-wave operation of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 39, pp. 586-591, 2003.
10. R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, S. Dhillon, and C. Sirtori, "High-performance continuous-wave operation of superlattice terahertz quantum-cascade lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, pp. 1518-1520, 2003.
11. R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, and D. A. Ritchie, "Low-threshold quantum-cascade lasers at 3.5 THz (λ ∼ 85 μm)," Opt. Lett. 28, pp. 810-812, 2003.
12. G. Scalari, L. Ajili, J. Faist, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, D. A. Ritchie, and A. G. Davies, "Far-infrared λ ∼ 85 μm bound-to-continuum quantum-cascade lasers operating up to 90 K," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, pp. 3165-3167, 2003.
13. R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, D. A. Ritchie, and A. G. Davies, "Quantum cascade lasers emitting at (λ > 100 μm)," Electron. Lett. 39, pp. 1254-1255, 2003.
14. B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, H. Callebaut, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, "Terahertz quantum-cascade laser at λ ∼100 μm using metal waveguide for mode confinement," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, pp. 2124-2126, 2003.
15. B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, H. Callebaut, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, "Terahertz quantum-cascade laser operating up to 137 K," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, pp. 5142-5144, 2003.
16. D. C. Larrabee, G. A. Khodaparast, F. K. Tittel, J. Kono, G. Scalari, L. Ajili, J. Faist, H. E. Beere, A. G. Davies, E. H. Linfield, D. A. Ritchie, Y. Nakajima, M. Nakai, S. Sasa, M. Inoue, S. Chung, and M. B. Santos, "Application of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers to semiconductor cyclotron resonance," Opt. Lett. 29, pp. 122-124, 2004.
17. A. Tredicucci, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, D. L. Sivco, A. L. Hutchinson, and A. Y. Cho, "High performance interminiband quantum cascade lasers with graded superlattices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, pp. 2101-2103, 1998.
18. R. Köhler, R. C. Iotti, A. Tredicucci, and F. Rossi, "Design and simulation of terahertz quantum cascade lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, pp. 3920-3922, 2001.
19. R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, and D. A. Ritchie, "High-intensity interminiband terahertz emission from chirped superlattices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, pp. 1867-1869, 2002.
20. R. Colombelli, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, A. L. Hutchinson, D. L. Sivco, A. Tredicucci, M. C. Wanke, A. M. Sergent, and A. Y. Cho, "Far-infrared surface-plasmon quantum-cascade lasers at 21.5 μm and 24 μm wavelengths," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, pp. 2620-2622, 2001.
21. P. Yeh, Optical Waves in Layered Media, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988.
22. J. Faist, M. Beck, T. Aellen, and E. Gini, "Quantum-cascade lasers based on a bound-to-continuum transition," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, pp. 147-149, 2001.
23. S. Barbieri, J. Alton, H. E. Beere, J. Fowler, E. H. Linfield, and D. A. Ritchie, "2.9 THz quantum cascade lasers operating up to 70 K in continuous wave," Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, pp. 1674-1676, 2004.
24. L. Ajili, G. Scalari, J. Faist, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, D. A. Ritchie, and A. G. Davies, "High power quantum cascade lasers operating at λ ∼ 87 and 130 μm," Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, pp. 3986-3988, 2004.
25. B. S. Williams, H. Callebaut, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, "3.4-THz quantum cascade laser based on LO-phonon scattering for depopulation," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, pp. 1015-1017, 2003.
26. S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, S. Kohen, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, "Continuous-wave operation of terahertz quantum cascade lasers above liquid-nitrogen," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, pp. 2494-2496, 2004.
27. B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, "Resonant phonon terahertz quantum cascade laser operating at 2.1 THz (λ ≃ 141 μm)," Electron. Lett. 40, pp. 431-433, 2004.
28. R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, C. Mauro, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, D. A. Ritchie, and A. G. Davies, "Terahertz quantum-cascade lasers based on an interlaced photon-phonon cascade," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, pp. 1266-1268, 2004.
29. L. Mahler, R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, D. A. Ritchie, and A. G. Davies, "Single-mode operation of terahertz quantum cascade lasers with distributed feedback resonators," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, pp. 5446-5448, 2004.
30. J. C. Weeber, Y. Lacroute, A. Dereux, E. Devaux, T. Ebbesen, C. Girard, M. U. Gonzalez, and A. L. Baudrion, "Near-field characterization of bragg mirrors engraved in surface plasmon waveguides," Phys. Rev. B 70, pp. 235406 1-12, 2004.
31. D. Indjin, Z. Ikonić, P. Harrison, and R. W. Kelsall, "Surface plasmon waveguides with gradually doped or NiAl intermetallic compound buried contact for terahertz quantum cascade lasers," J. Appl. Phys. 94, pp. 3249-3252, 2003.