Intensification of the Atlantic deep circulation by the Canadian Archipelago throughflow

Journal of Physical Oceanography

Volumn 35, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 775-789

  Komuro, Yoshiki ^a   Hasumi, Hiroyasu ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OCEAN CURRENTS; SALINE WATER; SALINITY MEASUREMENT;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; CANADIAN ARCHIPELAGO; DEEP-WATER FORMATION; FRESHWATER;

OCEANOGRAPHY;

OCEANIC CIRCULATION; OCEANIC CURRENT; SALINITY; THROUGHFLOW;

ARCTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH); CANADA; CANADIAN ARCTIC; NORTH AMERICA; OCEANIC REGIONS; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

EID: 21844436282     PISSN: 00223670     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JPO2709.1     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Aagaard, K., and E. C. Carmack, 1989: The role of sea ice and other freshwater in the Arctic circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 14 485-14 498.
2. Aagaard, K., J. H. Swift, and E. C. Carmack, 1985: Thermohaline circulation in the Arctic mediterranean seas. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 4833-4846.
3. Aagaard, K., E. Fahrbach, J. Meincke, and J. H. Swift, 1991: Saline outflow from the Arctic Ocean: Its contribution to the deep waters of the Greenland, Norwegian, and Iceland Seas. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 20 433-20 441.
4. Anderson, L. G., E. P. Jones, and B. Rudels, 1999: Ventilation of the Arctic Ocean estimated by a plume entrainment model constrained by CFCs. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 13 423-13 429.
5. 18O. Progress in Oceanography, Vol. 35, Pergamon, 53-80.
6. Baumgartner, A., and E. Reichel, 1975: The World Water Balance. Elsevier-Science, 180 pp.
7. Bryan, K., 1984: Accelerating the convergence to equilibrium of ocean-climate models. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 666-673.
8. Dickson, R. R., and J. Brown, 1994: The production of North Atlantic Deep Water: Sources, rates, and pathways. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12 319-12 341.
9. England, M., 1993: Representing the global-scale water masses in ocean general circulation models. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1523-1552.
10. Fratantoni, D. M., 2001: North Atlantic surface circulation during the 1990's observed with satellite-tracked drifters. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 22 067-22 093.
11. Gent, P. R., J. Willbrand, T. J. McDougall, and J. C. McWilliams, 1995: Parameterizing eddy-induced tracer transports in ocean circulation models. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 463-474.
12. Gent, P. R., F. O. Bryan, G. Danabasoglu, S. C. Doney, W. R. Holland, W. G. Large, and J. C. McWilliams, 1998: The NCAR climate system model global ocean component. J. Climate, 11, 1287-1306.
13. Goosse, H., J. M. Campin, T. Fichefet, and E. Deleersnijder, 1997a: Sensitivity of a global ice-ocean model to the Bering Strait throughflow. Climate Dyn., 13, 349-358.
14. Goosse, H., T. Fichefet, and J. M. Campin, 1997b: The effects of the water flow through the Canadian Archipelago in a global ice-ocean model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1507-1510.
15. Haney, R. L., 1971: Surface thermal boundary condition for ocean circulation models. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 1, 241-248.
16. Hansen, B., and S. Østerhus, 2000: North Atlantic-Nordic Seas exchanges. Progress in Oceanography, Vol. 45, Pergamon, 109-208.
17. Hasumi, H., 2002: Sensitivity of the global thermohaline circulation to interbasin freshwater transport by the atmosphere and the Bering Strait throughflow. J. Climate, 15, 2516-2526.
18. Hasumi, H., and N. Suginohara, 1999: Effects of locally enhanced vertical diffusivity over rough bathymetry on the world ocean circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 23 367-23 374.
19. Hewitt, C. D., R. J. Stouffer, A. J. Broccoli, J. F. B. Mitchell, and P. J. Valdes, 2003: The effect of ocean dynamics in a coupled GCM simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum. Climate Dyn., 20, 203-218.
20. Hibler, W., 1979: A dynamic thermodynamic sea ice model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 815-846.
21. Holland, D. M., and L. A. Mysak, 1996: An investigation of the general circulation of the Arctic Ocean using an isopycnal model. Tellus, 48A, 138-157.
22. Hunke, E. C., and J. K. Dukowicz, 1997: An elastic-viscous-plastic model for sea-ice dynamics. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1849-1867.
23. Jacobs, S. S., H. H. Helmer, C. S. M. Doake, A. Jenkins, and R. M. Frolich, 1992: Melting of ice shelves and the mass balance of Antarctica. J. Glaciol., 38, 375-387.
24. Janssens, I., and P. Huybrechts, 2000: The treatment of meltwater retention in mass-balance parameterizations of the Greenland ice sheet. Ann. Glaciol., 31, 133-140.
25. Jones, E. P., B. Rudels, and L. G. Anderson, 1995: Deep waters of the Arctic Ocean: Origins and circulation. Deep-Sea Res., 42A, 737-760.
26. Jones, E. P., L. G. Anderson, and J. H. Swift, 1998: Distribution of Atlantic and Pacific waters in the upper Arctic Ocean: Implications for circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 765-768.
27. Jones, E. P., J. H. Swift, L. G. Anderson, M. Lipizer, G. Civitarese, K. K. Falkner, G. Kattner, and F. McLaughlin, 2003: Tracing Pacific water in the North Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3116, doi:10.1029/2001JC001141.
28. Kara, A. B., P. A. Rochford, and H. E. Hurlburt, 2000: Efficient and accurate bulk parameterizations of air-sea fluxes for use in general circulation models. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 17, 1421-1438.
29. Killworth, P. D., 1983: Deep convection in the world ocean. Rev. Geophys., 21, 1-26.
30. Killworth, P. D., D. Stainforth, D. J. Webb, and S. M. Paterson, 1991: The development of a free-surface Bryan-Cox-Semtner ocean model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1333-1348.
31. Komuro, Y., and H. Hasumi, 2003: Effects of surface freshwater flux induced by sea ice transport on the global thermohaline circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3047, doi:10.1029/2002JC001476.
32. Kwok, R., G. F. Cunningham, and S. S. Pang, 2004: Fram Strait sea ice outflow. J. Geophys. Res., 109, C01009, doi:10.1029/ 2003JC001785.
33. Lavender, K. L., and R. E. Davis, 2002: Observations of open-ocean deep convection in the Labrador Sea from subsurface floats. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 511-526.
34. Leonard, B. P., M. K. MacVean, and A. P. Lock, 1993: Positivity-preserving numerical schemes for multidimensional advection. NASA Tech. Memo. 106055, 62 pp.
35. Manabe, S., and R. J. Stouffer, 1995: Simulation of abrupt climate change induced by freshwater input to the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature, 378, 165-167.
36. Marshall, J., and F. Schott, 1999: Open-ocean convection: Observations, theory, and models. Rev. Geophys., 37, 1-64.
37. Martin, T., and P. Wadhams, 1999: Sea-ice flux in the East Greenland Current. Deep-Sea Res., 46B, 1063-1082.
38. Mellor, G. L., and T. Yamada, 1982: Development of a turbulence closure model for geo-physical fluid problems. Rev. Geophys., 20, 851-875.
39. Mellor, G. L., and L. Kantha, 1989: An ice-ocean coupled model. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 10 937-10 954.
40. Munk, W., and C. Wunsch, 1998: Abyssal recipes II: Energetics of tidal and wind mixing. Deep-Sea Res., 45A, 1977-2010.
41. Nakano, H., and N. Suginohara, 2002: Effects of bottom boundary layer parameterization on reproducing deep and bottom waters in a World Ocean model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 1209-1227.
42. National Geophysical Data Center, 1988: ETOPO-5 bathymetry/topography data. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Data Announcement 88-MGG-02, U.S. Department of Commerce.
43. Nazarenko, L., G. Holloway, and N. Tausnev, 1998: Dynamics of transport of "Atlantic signature" in the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31 003-31 015.
44. Oka, A., and H. Hasumi, 2004: Effects of freshwater forcing on the Atlantic deep circulation: A study with an OGCM forced by two different surface freshwater flux datasets. J. Climate, 17, 2180-2194.
45. Perry, G. D., P. B. Duffy, and N. L. Miller, 1996: An extended data set of river discharges for validation of general circulation models. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21 339-21 349.
46. Pickart, R. S., M. A. Spall, M. H. Ribergaard, G. W. K. Moore, and R. F. Milliff, 2003a: Deep convection in the Irminger Sea forced by the Greenland tip jet. Nature, 424, 152-156.
47. Pickart, R. S., F. Straneo, and G. W. K. Moore, 2003b: Is Labrador Sea Water formed in the Irminger Basin? Deep-Sea Res., 50B, 23-52.
48. Rahmstorf, S., and J. Willebrand, 1995: The role of temperature feedback in stabilizing the thermohaline circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 787-805.
49. Röske, F., 2001: An atlas of surface fluxes based on the ECMWF re-analysis - A climatological dataset to force global ocean general circulation models. Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology Rep. 323, Max-Planck-Institute für Meteorologie, 31 pp. + 200 fig.
50. Rudels, B., E. P. Jones, L. G. Anderson, and G. Kattner, 1994: On the intermediate depth waters of the Arctic Ocean. The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment, Geophys. Monogr., 85, Amer. Geophys. Union, 33-46.
51. Schmitz, W. J., Jr., 1995: On the interbasin-scale thermohaline circulation. Rev. Geophys., 33, 151-173.
52. Schmitz, W. J., 1996: On the World Ocean Circulation. Vol. I, Some Global Features - North Atlantic Circulation, Woods Hole Oceanography Institute Tech. Rep. WHOI-96-03, 141 pp. [Available from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543].
53. Semtner, A. J., 1976: A model for the thermodynamic growth of sea ice in numerical investigations of climate. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 379-389.
54. Steele, M., R. Morley, and W. Ermold, 2001: PHC: A global ocean hydrography with a high-quality Arctic Ocean. J. Climate, 14, 2079-2087.
55. Vinje, T., N. Nordlund, and Å. Kvambekk, 1998: Monitoring ice thickness in Fram Strait. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 10 437-10 449.
56. Wadley, M. R., and G. R. Bigg, 2002: Impact of flow through the Canadian Archipelago and Bering Strait on the North Atlantic and Arctic circulation: An ocean modelling study. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 2187-2203.
57. Zhang, S., R. J. Greatbatch, and C. A. Lin, 1993: A reexamination of the polar halocline catastrophe and implications for coupled ocean-atmosphere modeling. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 287-299.