Excess fluoride ingestion and thyroid hormone derangements in children living in Delhi, India

Fluoride

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 98-108

  Susheela, A K ^a,b   Bhatnagar, M ^a,b   Vig, K ^a,c   Mondal, N K ^a,c  

^a Fluorosis Research and Rural Development Foundation ^*

^b SAFDARJUNG HOSPITAL   (India)

^c Fluorosis Research & Rural Development Foundation   (India)

Author keywords

Children; Delhi, India; Fluoride in drinking water; Hypothyroidism; Serum fluoride; Thyroid gland function; Thyroid hormones; Urinary fluoride

Indexed keywords

DRINKING WATER; FLUORIDE; SODIUM CHLORIDE; THYROID HORMONE; THYROTROPIN;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; BLOOD LEVEL; ENDEMIC DISEASE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FLUOROSIS; FREE LIOTHYRONINE INDEX; FREE THYROXINE INDEX; HUMAN; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INDIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; SCHOOL CHILD; THYROID DISEASE; THYROID FUNCTION; THYROXINE BLOOD LEVEL; URINE LEVEL;

ENTEROBACTERIA PHAGE T4;

EID: 21444459765     PISSN: 00154725     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. ICCIDD Literature; 2001. Available from: http://www.webiodine.com/dl/ engl/pdf/lit/4.3.pdf
2. nd ed. ICCIDD, United Nations Children Fund and World Health Organization; 2001.
3. Trace elements in human nutrition and health. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva. 1996;49-68.
4. Hetzel BS. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and their eradication. Lancet 1983(ii):1126-9.
5. Hetzel BS. Progress in the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. Lancet 1987(ii):266.
6. Hetzel BS, Porter BJ, Dulberg EM. The iodine deficiency disorders: nature, pathogenesis and epidemiology. World Rev Nutr Diet 1990;62:59-119.
7. Stocks P. Quart J Med 1928;21:223.
8. Wilson DC. Nature 1939;144:155.
9. Wilson DC. Fluorine in the etiology of endemic goiter. Lancet 1941;i:211-2.
10. nd ed. Delhi, India: Fluorosis Research & Rural Development Foundation; 2003.
11. He H, Chen ZS, Liu XM. The influence of fluoride on human embryo. Chin J Ctrl Endem Dis 1989;4:136-7.
12. Du L, Wan CW, Cao XM. The influence of chronic fluorosis on the development of the brain of the embryo. J Fluorosis Res Commun 1991;138.
13. Lin FF, Aihaiti, Zhao HX, Lin J, Jiang JY, Maimaiti, et al. ICCTDD Newsletter, August 1991; 7(3). Available from: http://64.177.90.157/science/ html/lin_fa-fu.html
14. PFPC. History of the fluoride/iodine antagonism 2002. Available from: http://64.177.90.157/pfpc/html/thyroid_history.html
15. Li XS, Zhi JL, Gao RO. Effect of fluoride exposure on intelligence in children. Fluoride 1995;28(4):189-92.
16. Zhao LB, Liang GH, Zhang DN, Wu XR. Effect of a high fluoride water supply on children's intelligence. Fluoride 1996;29(4):190-2.
17. Xiang Q, Liang Y, Chen L, Wang C, Chen B, Chen X, et al. Effect of fluoride in drinking water on children's intelligence. Fluoride 2003;36(2):84-94.
18. Hall LL, Smith F, Hodge HC. Direct determination of ionic fluoride in biological fluids. Clin Chem 1972;18:1455-8.
19. Bianco AC, Salvatore D, Gereben B, Berry MJ, Larsen PR. Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases. Endocr Rev 2002;23:38-89. Available from: http://edrv.endojournals.org/cgi/reprint/23/1/38.pdf
20. Visser JT. Thyroid hormone metabolism in humans, revised. In: The thyroid and its diseases. Massachusetts: Endocrine Education; 2004. [updated 2004 Sept 15; cited 2004 Nov 3]. Available from: http://www.thyroidmanager.org/ thyroidbook.html
21. Salvatore D, Bartha T, Harney JW, Larsen PR. Molecular biological and biochemical characterization of the human type 2 selenodeiodinase. Endocrinology 1996 Aug;137(8):3308-15.
22. Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC, Williams JR, Knight GJ, Gagnon J, et al. Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. N Engl J Med 1999;341(8):549-55.
23. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers. 2nd ed. ICCIDD, UNICEF and WHO; 2001.
24. Tyabji R, editor. The use of iodated salt in the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders: a handbook for monitoring and quality control. UNICEF/ROSCA; 1990.
25. Kapilashrami MC, Mathiyazhagon T, editors. National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme. National Health Programme. Series 5. New Delhi, India: National Institute of Health and Family Welfare; 2003.
26. Gallerti P. On the use of fluoride to treat overactive thyroid. Fluoride 1976;9:105-15.
27. Burgstahler AW. Editorial review: Fluoride and Down's syndrome (Mongolism). Fluoride 1975;8(1):1-11;
28. Burgstahler AW. Fluoride 1975(2):120.
29. Burgstahler AW. Fluoridated water and Down's syndrome [Abstract]. Fluoride 1997;30(2):113.
30. Takahashi K. Fluoride-linked Down syndrome births and their estimated occurrence due to water fluoridation. Fluoride 1998;31(2):61-73.
31. Pueschel SM, Jackson IM, Giesswein P, Dean MK, Pezzullo JC. Thyroid function in Down syndrome. Res Dev Disabil 1991;12(3):287-96.
32. Gupta S, Mehta U, Singh A. Underground potable water fluoride levels of the town of Hisar and total fluoride intake of selected families. Fluoride 1992;25(3):143-8.
33. Nanda RS. Fluorine content of north Indian foods. Ind J Med Res 1964;60:1670-82.
34. Lakdawala DH, Punekar BD. Fluorine content of water and commonly consumed foods in Bombay and a study of dietary fluoride intake. Ind J Med Res 1973;61:1679-87.
35. Batra J, Vispute JB, Deshmukh AN, Vali S. Contribution from rock, soil and ground water to fluoride content of food stuffs grown in some selected villages of Bhadravati Tehsil, Chadrapur District, Maharashtra. In: Deshmukh AN, editor. Fluoride in environment. Nagpur, India: Gondwana Geological Society; 1995.
36. Gondwana Geological Magazine 1995;9:81-90.
37. Han YZ, Zhang JZ, Lin XY, Zhang LZ, Yu XH, Dai JA. High fluoride content of food and endemic fluorosis. Fluoride 1995;28(4):201-2.
38. Gupta S, Mehta U, Singh A. Fluoride content of Indian toothpastes and selected food items. Fluoride 1991;24(3):113-6.
39. Rajan BP, Gnanasundaram N, Santhini R. Serum and urine fluoride levels in toothpaste users. J Ind Dent Assoc 1987;59:107-42.
40. Rajan BP, Gnanasundaram N, Santhini R. Fluoride in toothpaste: Cause for concern. Fluoride 1988;21(4):167-70.