Assessing ecological restoration potentials of Wisconsin (U.S.A.) using historical landscape reconstructions

Restoration Ecology

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 124-142

  Bolliger, Janine ^a,b   Schulte, Lisa A ^b   Burrows, Sean N ^b   Sickley, Theodore A ^b   Mladenoff, David J ^b  

^a SWISS FEDERAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE WSL   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

Classification method comparison; Hierarchical cluster analysis; Historical landscape reconstruction; Historical landscape reconstructions; Public Land Surveys; R. W. Finley's "Original vegetation of Wisconsin," restoration; Wisconsin (U.S.A.)

Indexed keywords

ASSESSMENT METHOD; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE; LAND MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE HISTORY; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION;

NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; WISCONSIN;

CONIUM; CONIUM MACULATUM; QUERCUS; RIPARIA; TSUGA; TSUGA CANADENSIS;

EID: 2142809659     PISSN: 10612971     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2004.00285.x     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Almendsinger, J. C. 1997. Minnesota bearing tree data base. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Biological Report No. 56.
2. Anderson, R. C., and M. R. Anderson. 1975. The presettlement vegetation of Williamson County, Illinois. Castanea 40:345-363.
3. Anderson, R. C., and O. L. Loucks. 1979. White-tail deer (Odocoileus virginianus) influence on composition and structure of Tsuga canadensis forests. Journal of Applied Ecology 16:855-861.
4. Andersson, F. O., K.-H. Feger, R. F. Hüttl, N. Kräuchi, L. Mattsson, O. Sallnäs, and K. Sjöberg. 2000. Forest ecosystem research - priorities for Europe. Forest Ecology and Management 132:111-119.
5. Axelsson, A.-L., and L. Östlund. 2000, Retrospective gap analysis in a Swedish boreal forest landscape using historical data. Forest Ecology and Management 5229:1-14.
6. Batek, J. J., W. A. Rebertus, T. L. Schoreder, E. C. Haithcoat, and R. P. Guyette. 1999. Reconstruction of early nineteenth-century vegetation and fire regimes in the Missouri Ozarks. Journal of Biogeography 26:397-412.
7. Bormann, B. T. 1993. Is there a special basis for biological measures of ecosystem sustainability? Natural Resource News (Blue Mountains Natural Resources Institute) 3:1-2.
8. Bourdo, E. A. Jr. 1956. A review of the General Land Office surveys and its use in quantitative studies of former forests. Ecology 37:754-768.
9. Brown, D. G. 1998a. Classification and boundary vagueness in mapping presettlement forest types. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 12:105-129.
10. Brown, D. G. 1998b. Mapping historical forest types in Baraga County Michigan, USA as fuzzy sets. Plant Ecology 134:97-111.
11. Bürgi, M., and E. W. B. Russell. 2001. Integrative methods to study landscape changes. Land Use Policy 18:9-16.
12. Cissel, J. H., F. J. Swanson, W. A. McKee, and A. L. Burditt. 1994. Using the past to plan the future in the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Forestry 92:30-31.
13. Cleland, D. T., R. E. Avers, W. H. McNab, M. E. Jensen, R. G. Bailey, T. King, and W. E. Russell. 1997. National hierarchical framework of ecological units. Pages 181-200 in M. S. Boyce, and A. Haney, editors. Ecosystem management: applications for sustainable forest and wildlife resources. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connectieut.
14. Cochrane, T. S., and H. H. Iltis. 2000. Atlas of the Wisconsin prairie and savanna flora. Technical bulletin number 191. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Madison.
15. Comer, P. J.. D. A. Albert, H. A. Wells, B. L. Hart, J. B. Raab, D. L. Price, D. M. Kashian, R. A. Corner, and D. W. Schuen. 1995. Michigan's native landscape, as interpreted from the General Land Office surveys 1816-1856, Report to the U.S. E.P.A. Water Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing.
16. Cottam, G., and J. T. Curtis. 1956. The use of distance measures in phytosociological sampling, Ecology 37:451-460.
17. Cowell, C. M., and M. T. Jackson. 2002. Vegetation change in a forest remnant at the Eastern Presettlement Prairie Margin, USA. Natural Areas Journal 22:53-60.
18. Crow, T. R., A. Haney, and D. M. Waller. 1994. Report on the Scientific Roundtable on Biological Diversity convened by the Chequamegon and Nicolet national forests. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NC-116. USDA Forest Service, St. Paul, Minnesota.
19. Curtis, J. T. 1959. The vegetation of Wisconsin: an ordination of plant communities. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
20. Curtis, J. T., and R. P. MacIntosh. 1951. An upland forest continuum in the prairie-forest border region of Wisconsin. Ecology 32:476-496,
21. Everitt, B. S. 1980. Cluster analysis. 2nd edition. Heinemann, London, United Kingdom.
22. Finley, R. W. 1951. The original vegetation cover of Wisconsin. PhD dissertation. University of Wisconsin, Madison,
23. Finley, R. W. 1976. The original vegetation of Wisconsin. USDA Forest Service Map.
24. Foster, D. R., G. Motzkin, and B. Slater. 1998. Land-use history as longterm broad-scale disturbance: regional forest dynamics in central New England. Ecosystems 1:96-119.
25. Franklin, J. F. 1993. Preserving biodiversity: species, ecosystem or landscapes. Ecological Applications 3:202-205.
26. Fries, R. F. 1951. Empire in pine; the story of lumbering in Wisconsin 1830-1900. Wisconsin State Historical Society, Madison.
27. Fulé, P. Z., W. W. Covington, M. M. Moore, T. A. Heinlein, and A. E. M. Waltz. 2002. Natural variability in forests of the Grand Canyon, USA. Journal of Biogeography 29:31-47.
28. Gauch, H. G. 1982. Multivariate analysis in community ecology. Cambridge University Press, New York.
29. Haines-Young, R., and Chopping R. 1996. Quantifying landscape structure: a review of landscape indices and their application to forest landscapes. Progress in Physical Geography 20:418-445.
30. Harrod, R. J., W. L. Gaines, R. J. Taylor, R. Everett, T. Lillybridge, and J. D. McIver. 1996. Biodiversity in the Blue Mountains. Pages 81-85 in R. G. Jaindl, and T. M. Quigley, editors. Search for a solution - sustaining the land, people, and economy of the Blue Mountains, American Forests, Washington.
31. He, H. S., D. J. Mladenoff, T. A. Sickley, and G. G. Guntenspergen. 2000. GIS interpolation of witness tree records (1839-1866) for northern Wisconsin at multiple scales. Journal of Biogeography 27:1031-1042.
32. Hoyt, J. W. 1860. Natural resources of Wisconsin. Transactions of the Wisconsin State Agricultural Society 6:46-49.
33. Jensen, M. E., and Everett. 1994. An overview of ecosystem management principle. Pages 6-15 in M. E. Jensen, and P. S. Bourgeron, editors. Eastside forest health assessment - ecosystem management: principles and applications. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-218. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon.
34. Keys, J. Jr, C. Carpenter, S. Hooks, F. Koenig, W. H. Mcnab, W. Russell, and M. L. Smith. 1995. Ecological units of the eastern United States - first approximation. USDA Forest Service, Atlanta, Georgia.
35. Kline, V. M., and G. Coltam. 1979. Vegetation responses to climate and fire in the driftless area of Wisconsin. Ecology 60:861-868.
36. Küchler, A. W., and I. S. Zonneveld. 1988. Vegetation mapping. Kluwer Academic, Norwell.
37. Landres, P. B., P. Morgan, and F. J. Swanson. 1999. Overview of the use of natural variability concepts in managing ecological systems. Ecological Applications 9:1179-1188.
38. Leach, M. K., and T. J. Givnish. 1999. The ecology of oak savanna ground layers. Ecological Monographs 69:353-374.
39. Lorimer, C. G. 1993. Causes of the oak regeneration problem. Pages 14-39 in D. L. Loftis, and C. E. McGee, editors. Oak regeneration: serious problems, practical recommendations. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, SE-84. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, North Carolina.
40. Lorimer, C. G., and W. R. Gough. 1988. Frequency of drought and severe fire weather in north-eastern Wisconsin. Journal of Environmental Management 26:203-219.
41. Manies, K. L., and D. J. Mladenoff. 2000. Testing methods to produce landscape-scale presettlement vegetation maps from the U.S. Public Land Survey records. Landscape Ecology 15:741-754.
42. Manies, K. L., D. J. Mladenoff, and E. V. Nordheim. 2001. Assessing large-scale surveyor variability in the historic forest data of the original U.S. Public Land Surveys. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17:1719-1730.
43. Marschner, F. J. 1974. The original vegetation of Minnesota, a map compiled in 1930 by F.J. Marschner under the direction of M.L. Heinselman of the U.S. Forest Service. Map (1: 500,000). Cartography Laboratory of the Department of Geography, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.
44. Mendelson, J., S. P. Aultz, and J. D. Mendelson. 1992. Carving up the woods. Savanna restoration in Northern Illinois. Restoration and Management 10:127-131.
45. Mladenoff, D. J., S. E. Dahir, E. V. Nordheim, L. A. Schulte, and G. G. Guntenspergen. 2002. Probabilistic classification of ambiguously identified tree species in historical survey data. Ecosystems 5:539-553.
46. Mladenoff, D. J., and B. DeZonia. 1999. APACK user's guide, Version 2.11. Forest Landscape Ecology Laboratory. Department of Forest Ecology and Management. University of Wisconsin, Madison.
47. Mladenoff, D. J., and J. Pastor. 1993. Sustainable forest ecosystems in the northern hardwood and conifer forest region: Concepts and management. Pages 145-180 in G. H. Aplet, N. Johnson, J. T. Olson, and V. A. Sample, editors. Defining sustainable forestry. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
48. Mladenoff, D. J., and F. Stearns. 1993. Eastern hemlock regeneration and deer browsing in the northern Great Lakes region: a re-examination and model simulation, Conservation Biology 7:889-900.
49. Nelson, J. C. 1997. Presettlement vegetation pattern along the 5th principal meridian, Missouri Territory, 1815. The American Midland Naturalist 137:79-94.
50. Ogle, K., and V. DuMond. 1997. Historical vegetation on National Forest lands in the Intermountain Region. USDA Forest Service, Ogden, Utah.
51. Parker, L. 1997. Restaging an evolutionary drama: thinking big on the Chequamegon and Nicolet National Forests. Pages 218-219 in K. A. Kohm, and J. F. Franklin, editors. Creating a forestry for the 21st century: the science of ecosystem management. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
52. Radeloff, V. C., D. J. Mladenoff, and M. S. Boyce. 2000. A historical perspective and future outlook on landscape scale restoration in the northwest Wisconsin Pine Barrens. Restoration Ecology 8:119-126.
53. Radeloff, V. C., D. J. Mladenoff, H. S. He, and M. S. Boyce. 1999. Forest landscape change: the northwest Wisconsin Pine Barrens before European settlement and today. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29:1649-1659.
54. Rodgers, C. S., and R. C. Anderson. 1979. Presettlement vegetation of two prairie peninsula counties. Botanical Gazette 140:232-240.
55. Russell, E. W. B. 1983. Indian-set fires in the forests of the northeastern United States. Ecology 64:78-88.
56. Sample, D. W., and M. J. Mossman. 1997. Managing habitat for grassland birds: a guide for Wisconsin. Publication SS-925-97. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Madison.
57. SAS Institute. 2001. SAS for Windows, Version 8.2. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.
58. Schulte, L. A., and D. J. Mladenoff. 2001. The original US Public Land Survey Records: their use and limitations in reconstructing presettlement vegetation. Journal of Forestry 99:5-10.
59. Schulte, L. A., D. J. Mladenoff, and E. V. Nordheim. 2002. Quantitative classification of a historic northern Wisconsin (U.S.A.) landscape: mapping forests at regional scales. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32:1616-1638.
60. Sickley, T. A. 2000. Pre-European settlement vegetation of Wisconsin, Database documentation. Forest Landscape Ecology Laboratory. Department of Forest Ecology and Management. University of Wisconsin, Madison.
61. Silbernagel, J., S. R. Martin, M. R. Gale, and J. Chen. 1997. Prehistoric, historic, and present settlement pattern related to ecological hierarchy in the Eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA. Landscape Ecology 12: 223-240.
62. Stehman, S. V. 1999. Comparing thematic maps based on map value. International Journal of Remote Sensing 20:2347-2366.
63. Stewart, L. O. 1935. Public Land Surveys - history, instructions, methods. Collegiate Press, Inc., Ames, Iowa.
64. Stone, R. N., and H. W. Thorne. 1961. Wisconsin's forest resources. Lake States Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul.
65. Strittholt, J. R., and R. E. J. Boerner. 1995. Applying biodiversity gap analysis in a regional nature reserve design for the edge of Appalachia, OH (USA). Conservation Biology 9:1492-1505.
66. Ward, J. H. 1963. Hierarchical grouping to optimize a quantitative function. Journal of the American Statistical Association 58:236-244.
67. White, M. A., and D. J. Mladenoff. 1994. Old-growth forest landscape transitions from pre-European settlement to present. Landscape Ecology 9:191-205.
68. WiDNR (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources). 1992. Wisconsin wetland inventory. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison.
69. WiDNR (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources). 1995. Wisconsin's biodiversity as a management issue. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison.
70. WiDNR (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources). 1999. Ecological units of Wisconsin - first approximation, including land type associations (LTA). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison.
71. WiDNR (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources). 2000. Reversing the loss: a strategy for protecting and restoring wetlands in Wisconsin. Publication FH-232-2000. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison.
72. Zhang, Q., K. S. Pregitzer, and D. D. Reed. 2000. Historical changes in the forests of the Luce District of the Upper Peninsula in Michigan. The American Midland Naturalist 143:94-110.