Validation and application of a method for the determination of nicotine and five major metabolites in smokers' urine by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Biomedical Chromatography

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 312-328

  Heavner, David L ^a   Richardson, Joel D ^a   Morgan, Walter T ^a   Ogden, Michael W ^a  

^a R J REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

Conjugation profile; Cotinine; Cotinine N glucuronide; Creatinine; Diurnal variation; Elimination half life; LC MS MS; Metabolite distribution; Method validation; Nicotine equivalents; Nicotine N glucuronide; Trans 3 hydroxycotinine; Trans 3 hydroxycotinine O glucuronide; glucuronidase

Indexed keywords

AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE; BIOMOLECULES; BODY FLUIDS; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; METABOLITES; METHANOL; NICOTINE; PHASE SEPARATION;

CONJUGATION PROFILE; COTININE; COTININE-N-GLUCURONIDE; DIURNAL VARIATION; ELIMINATION HALF-LIFE; GLUCURONIDASE; GLUCURONIDES; HALF LIVES; LC-MS-MS; LC.MS/MS; METABOLITE DISTRIBUTION; METHOD VALIDATIONS; NICOTINE EQUIVALENT; NICOTINE-N-GLUCURONIDE; TRANS-3'-HYDROXYCOTININE; TRANS-3′-HYDROXYCOTININE-O-GLUCURONIDE; Β-GLUCURONIDASE;

CREATININE;

3' HYDROXYCOTININE; BETA GLUCURONIDASE; COTININE; DRUG METABOLITE; GLUCURONIDE; METHANOL; NICOTINE; PHOSPHATE; WATER;

ACCURACY; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; INCUBATION TIME; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; PH; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SMOKING; SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; URINALYSIS; URINARY EXCRETION; VALIDATION PROCESS;

EID: 21044435857     PISSN: 02693879     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/bmc.463     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Andersson G, Björnberg G and Curvall M. Oral mucosal changes and nicotine disposition in users of Swedish smokeless tobacco products: a comparative study. Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine 1994; 23(4): 161-167.
2. Andersson G, Kazemi Vala E and Curvall M. The influence of cigarette consumption and machine yields on the nicotine uptake and oral mucosal lesions in smokers. Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine 1997: 26(3): 117-123.
3. Benowitz NL and Jacob P III. Nicotine and cotinine elimination pharmacokinetics in smokers and nonsmokers. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1993: 53(3): 316-323.
4. Benowitz NL, Jacob P III, Fong I and Gupta S. Nicotine metabolic profile in man: comparison of cigarette smoking and transdermal nicotine. Journal of Pharmacology, and Experimental Therapeutics 1994; 269: 296-303.
5. Benowitz NL, Pérez-Stable EJ, Fong I, Modin G, Herrera B and Jacob P III. Ethnic differences in N-glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1999; 291: 1196-1203.
6. Benowitz NL, Pérez-Stable EJ, Herrera B and Jacob P III. Slower metabolism and reduced intake of nicotine from cigarette smoking in Chinese-Americans. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2002; 94: 108-115.
7. Boswell C, Curvall M, Elswick, Jr RK and Leyden D. Modelling nicotine intake in smokers and snuff users using biological fluid nicotine metabolites. Biomarkers 2000: 5(5): 341-354.
8. Bowman DL, Smith CJ. Bombick BR, Avalos JT, Davis RA, Morgan WT and Doolittle DJ. Relationship between FTC 'tar' and urine mutagenicity in smokers of tobacco-burning or Eclipse cigarettes. Mutation Research 2002; 521: 137-149.
9. Byrd GD, Chang KM, Greene JM and deBethizy JD. Determination of nicotine and its metabolites in urine by thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. In The Biology of Nicotine: Current Research Issues, Lippiello PM, Collins AC, Gray JA and Robinson JH (eds). Raven Press: New York, 1992a; 71-83.
10. Byrd GD, Chang KM, Greene JM and deBethizy JD. Evidence for urinary excretion of glucuronide conjugates of nicotine, cotinine and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine in smokers. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1992b; 20: 192-197.
11. Byrd GD, Robinson JH, Caldwell WS and deBethizy JD. Comparison of measured and FTC-predicted nicotine uptake in smokers. Psychopharmacology 1995a; 122: 95-103.
12. Byrd GD, Davis RA and Kazemi Vala E. Comparison of methods for determining nicotine and its metabolites in urine, poster 9, 1st Annual Meeting of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. San Diego, CA, March 24-25, 1995b.
13. Byrd GD, Davis RA, Caldwell WS, Robinson JH and deBethizy JD. A further study of FTC yield and nicotine absorption in smokers. Psychopharmacology 1998; 139: 291-299.
14. Curvall M, Kazemi Vala E and Englund G. Conjugation pathways in nicotine metabolism. In Effects of Nicotine on Biological Systems: Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Adlkofer F and Thurau K (eds). Birkhäuser: Basel, 1991: 69-75.
15. Dempsey D, Jacob P III and Benowitz NL. Nicotine metabolism and elimination kinetics in newborns. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2000: 67(5): 458-465.
16. Dempsey D, Jacob P III and Benowitz NL. Accelerated metabolism of nicotine and cotinine in pregnant smokers. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2002; 301: 594-598.
17. Gorrod JW and Schepers G. Biotransformation of nicotine in mammalian systems. In Analytical Determination of Nicotine and Related Compounds and their Metabolites, Gorrod JW and Jacob III P (eds). Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1999: 45-67.
18. Guidance for Industry: Q2B Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology. US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research: Rockville, MD, November 1996.
19. Guidance for Industry: Bioanalytical Method Validation. US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research: Rockville. MD, December 1998.
20. Guidance for Industry: Bioanalytical Method Validation. US Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research: Rockville, MD, May 2001.
21. Hecht S. Human urinary carcinogen metabolites: biomarkers for investigating tobacco and cancer. Carcinogenisis 2002: 23(6): 907-922.
22. Kyerematen GA, Morgan ML, Chattopadhyay B, deBethizy JD and Vesell ES. Disposition of nicotine and eight metabolites in smokers and nonsmokers: identification in smokers of two metabolites that are longer lived than cotinine. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1990; 48(6): 641-651.
23. McManus KT, deBethizy JD, Garteiz DA, Kyerematen GA and Vesell ES. A new quantitative thermospray-LC/MS method for nicotine and its metabolites in biological fluids. Journal of Chromatographic Science 1990; 28: 510-516.
24. Meger M, Meger-Kossein I, Schuler-Metz A, Janket D and Scherer G. Simultaneous determination of nicotine and eight nicotine metabolites in urine of smokers using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B 2002; 778: 251-261.
25. Miller JC and Miller JN. Statistics for Analytical Chemistry, 2nd edn, Chalmers RA and Masson M (eds). Ellis Horwood: Chichester, 1988; 117-120.
26. Moyer TP, Charlson JR, Enger RJ, Dale LC, Ebbert JO, Schroeder DR and Hurt RD. Simultaneous analysis of nicotine, nicotine metabolites and tobacco alkaloids in serum or urine by tandem mass spectrometry, with clinically relevant metabolic profiles. Clinical Chemistry 2002: 48(9): 1460-1471.
27. Naidong W, Shou W, Chen Y and Jiang X. Novel liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric methods using silica columns and aqueous-organic mobile phases for quantitative analysis of polar ionic analytes in biological fluids. Journal of Chromatography B 2001: 754: 387-399.
28. Newman DJ and Price CP. Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry: Nonprotein Nitrogen Metabolites. Burtis CA and Ashwood ER (eds). W.B. Saunders: Philadelphia. PA, 2001; 420.
29. Smith CJ, Fischer TH, Heavner DL, Rumple MA, Bowman DL, Brown BG, Morton MJ and Doolittle DJ. Urinary thromboxane. prostacyclin, cortisol and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in non-smokers exposed and not exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Toxicological Sciences 2001; 59: 316-323.
30. Tuomi T, Johnson T and Reijula K. Analysis of nicotine, 3-hydroxycotinine and caffeine in urine of passive smokers by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. Clinical Chemistry 1999; 45(12): 2164-2172.
31. Willoughby R, Sheehan E and Mitrovich S. A Global View of LC/MS: How to Solve Your Most Challenging Analytical Problems. Global View: Pittsburgh, PA, 1998: 70-71.