Advances in digital video content protection

Proceedings of the IEEE

Volumn 93, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 171-182

  Lin, Eugene T ^a   Eskicioglu, Ahmet M ^b   Lagendijk, Reginald L ^c   Delp, Edward J ^a  

^a Purdue University   (United States)

^b CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^c Delft University of Technology ^*  (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Content protection; Digital video; Encryption; Security; Watermarking

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER MUSIC; COMPUTER SOFTWARE; CRYPTOGRAPHY; INTERNET; NETWORK PROTOCOLS; SECURITY OF DATA; VIDEO ON DEMAND; VIDEODISKS; WATERMARKING;

CONTENT PROTECTION; DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT (DRM); DIGITAL VIDEO; SECURITY;

VIDEO SIGNAL PROCESSING;

EID: 20744446893     PISSN: 00189219     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2004.839623     Document Type: Article

References (152)

1. Kazaa software version 2.6 [Online]. Available: http://www.kazaa.com
2. B. Cohen. (2001) BitTorrent. [Online]. Available: http://bitconjurer.org/ BitTorrent/index.html
3. edonkey and overnet [Online], Available: http://www.edonkey2000.com
4. P. Biddle, P. England, M. Peinado, and B. Willman, "The darknet and the future of content distribution," in Proc. ACM Workshop Digital Rights Management 2002. [Online] Available: http://crypto.stanford.edu/DRM2002/ darknet5.doc.
5. R. Parloff, "Morpheus falling?," IEEE Spectr., vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 18-19, Dec. 2003.
6. J. A. Bloom, I. J. Cox, T. Kalker, J.-P. M. G. Linnartz, M. L. Miller, and C. B. S. Traw, "Copy protection for DVD video," in Proc. IEEE, vol. 87, Jul. 1999, pp. 1267-1276.
7. J. Taylor, DVD Demystified. New York: McGraw Hill, 1998.
8. Content Scramble System [Online]. Available: http://www.dvdcca.org
9. D. S. Touretzky. (2000) Gallery of CSS Descramblers. [Online]. Available: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/Gallery
10. S. A. Graver, M. Wu, B. Liu, A. Stubblefield, B. Swartzlander, D. W. Wallach, D. Dean, and E. W. Felten, "Reading between the lines: Lessons from the SDMI challenge," presented at the 10th USENIX Security Symp., Washington, DC, 2001.
11. E. T. Lin, A. M. Eskicioglu, R. L. Lagendijk, and E. J. Delp. (2004) Advances in video content protection (technical report). School of Elect. Comput. Eng., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN. [Online]. Available: http://dynamo.ecn.purdue.edu/~ace/vid-content/
12. International Intellectual Property Alliance [Online]. Available: http://www.iipa.com
13. Advanced Television Systems Committee [Online], Available: http://www.atsc.org
14. Consumers Electronics Association [Online]. Available: http://www.ce.org
15. Copy Protection Technical Working Group [Online]. Available: http://www.cptwg.org
16. DVD forum [Online]. Available: http://www.dvdforum.org
17. Soc. Cable Telecommun. Eng. [Online]. Available: http://www.scte.org
18. Motion Picture Association of America [Online]. Available: http://www.mpaa.org
19. Internet Engineering Task Force [Online], Available: http://www.ietf.org/ overview.html
20. Moving Pictures Expert Group [Online]. Available: http://mpeg. telecomitalialab.com
21. Digital Video Broadcasting Project [Online]. Available: http://www.dvb.org
22. TV-Anytime forum [Online]. Available: http://www.tv-anytime.org
23. A. M. Eskicioglu, J. Town, and E. J. Delp, "Security of digital entertainment content from creation to consumption," Signal Process. Image Commun. (Special Issue on Image Security), vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 237-262, Apr. 2003.
24. A. M. Eskicioglu, "Protecting intellectual property in digital multimedia networks," IEEE Comput., vol. 36, pp. 39-45, Jul. 2003.
25. F. Hartung and F. Ramme, "Watermarking of multimedia content for m-commerce applications," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 38, pp. 78-84, Nov. 2000.
26. G. Naumovich and N. Memon, "Preventing piracy, reverse engineering, and tampering," IEEE Comput., vol. 36, pp. 64-71, Jul. 2003.
27. J. Menezes, P. C. van Oorschot, and S. A. Vanstone, Handbook of Applied Cryptography. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 1997.
28. B. Schneier, Applied Cryptography. New York: Wiley, 1996.
29. E. Diehl and T. Furon, "©watermark: Closing the analog hole," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Consumer Electronics, 2003, pp. 52-53.
30. D. Wu, Y. T. Hou, W. Zhu, Y.-Q. Zhang, and J. M. Peha, "Streaming video over the internet: Approaches and directions," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 11, pp. 282-300, Mar. 2001.
31. W. R. Stevens, TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1; The Protocols. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Longman, 1994.
32. World Intellectual Property Organization [Online]. Available: http://www.wipo.org
33. Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, U.S. Copyright Office summary [Online]. Available: http://www.loc.gov/copyright/legislation/dmca.pdf
34. European Copyright Directive [Online]. Available: http://www.eurorights. org/eudmca/CopyrightDirective.html
35. Protection for Prerecorded Media [Online]. Available: http://www.4Centity.com
36. 4C/Verance Watermark [Online]. Available: http://www.verance.com
37. Content Protection for Recordable Media [Online], Available: http://www.4Centity.com
38. High Definition Copy Protection [Online]. Available: http://www.jvc- victor.co.jp/english/products/vcr/D-security.html
39. Digital Transmission Content Protection [Online]. Available: http://www.dtcp.com
40. High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection [Online]. Available: http://www.digital-CP.com
41. EIA-679B National Renewable Security Standard, Sep. 1998.
42. OpenCable CableCARD Copy Protection System Interface Specification [Online]. Available: http://www.opencable.com
43. ATSC Standard A/70: Conditional Access System for Terrestrial Broadcast [Online]. Available: http://www.atsc.org
44. Proprietary Conditional Access System for DirecTV [Online]. Available: http://www.directv.com
45. Proprietary Conditional Access System [Online]. Available: http://www.dishnetwork.com
46. OpenCable System Security Specification [Online]. Available: http://www.opencable.com
47. Windows Media DRM [Online]. Available: http://www.rnicrosoft.com/windows/ windowsmedia/drm.aspx
48. Helix DRM [Online]. Available: http://www.realnetworks.com/products/dnn/ index.html
49. A. M. Eskicioglu, "Multimedia security in group communications: Recent progress in key management, authentication, and watermarking," ACM Multimedia Syst. J. (Special Issue on Multimedia Security), pp. 239-248, Sep. 2003.
50. Internet Digital Rights Management (IDRM) Research Group [Online]. Available: http://www.idrm.org
51. P. Samuelson, "DRM {And, Or, Vs.} the law," Commun. ACM: Special Issue Digital Rights Management and Fair Use by Design, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 41-45, Apr. 2003.
52. E. W. Felten, "A skeptical view of DRM and fair use," Commun. ACM: Special Issue Digital Rights Management Fair Use by Design, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 56-59, Apr. 2003.
53. D. Clark, "How copyright became controversial," presented at the 12th Annu. Conf. Computers, Freedom and Privacy, San Francisco, CA, 2002.
54. J. Litman, Digital Copyright. Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 2001.
55. D. K. Mulligan, J. Han, and A. J. Burstein, "How DRM-based content delivery systems disrupt expectations of "personal use"," in Proc. ACM Workshop Digital Rights Management, 2003, pp. 77-89.
56. R. Anderson, "Cryptography and competition policy-issues with 'trusted computing'," in Proc. 22nd Annu. Symp. Principles of Distributed Computing, 2003, pp. 3-10.
57. Announcing the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) (2001, Nov.). [Online]. Available: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips197/fips-197.pdf
58. E. T. Lin, C. I. Podilchuk, T. Kalker, and E. J. Delp, "Streaming video and rate scalable compression: What are the challenges for watermarking?," J. Electron. Imaging, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 198-205, Jan. 2004.
59. S. Wenger, "H.264/AVC over IP," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 13, pp. 645-656, Jul. 2003.
60. M. van der Schaar and H. Radha, "Adaptive motion-compensation fine-granular-scalability (AMC-FGS) for wireless video," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 12, pp. 360-371, Jun. 2002.
61. W.-T. Tan and A. Zakhor, "Video multicast using layered FEC and scalable compression," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 11, pp. 373-386, Mar. 2001.
62. W. Li, "Overview of fine granularity scalability in MPEG-4 video standard," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 11, pp. 301-317, Mar. 2001.
63. K. Shen and E. J. Delp, "Wavelet based rate scalable video compression," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 9, pp. 109-122, Feb. 1999.
64. X. Liu and A. M. Eskicioglu, "Selective encryption of multimedia content in distribution networks: Challenges and new directions," presented at the 2nd Int. Conf. Communications, Internet, and Information Technology, Scottsdale, AZ, Nov. 17-19, 2003.
65. N. Bourbakis and A. Dollas, "SCAN-based compression-encryption- hiding for video on demand," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, pp. 79-87, Jul.-Sep. 2003.
66. C.-P. Wu and C.-C. J. Kuo, "Efficient multimedia encryption via entropy codec design," Proc. SPIE Security Watermarking Multimedia Contents III, vol. 4314, pp. 128-138, Jan. 2001.
67. B. Macq and J.-J. Quisquater, "Cryptology for digital TV broadcasting," Proc. IEEE, vol. 83, no. 6, pp. 944-957, Jun. 1995.
68. I. Agi and L. Gong, "An empirical study of secure MPEG video transmissions," in Proc. Symp. Network Distributed System Security, 1996, pp. 137-144.
69. A. M. Alattar and G. I. Al-Regib, "Evaluation of selective encryption techniques for secure transmission of MPEG-compressed bit-streams," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, 1999, pp. 340-343.
70. W. Zeng and S. Lei, "Efficient frequency domain selective scrambling of digital video," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 5, pp. 118-129, Mar. 2003.
71. J. G. Wen, M. Severa, W. Zeng, M. H. Luttrell, and W. Jin, "A format-compliant configurable encryption framework for access control of video," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 12, pp. 545-557, Jun. 2002.
72. H. Cheng and X. Li, "Partial encryption of compressed images and videos," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 48, pp. 2439-2451, Aug. 2000.
73. D. Wu, Y. T. Hou, and Y.-Q. Zhang, "Transporting real-time video over the internet: Challenges and approaches," Proc. IEEE, vol. 88, no. 12, pp. 1855-1875, Dec. 2000.
74. A. Vetro, C. Christopoulos, and H. Sun, "Video transcoding architectures and techniques: An overview," IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 20, pp. 18-29, Mar. 2003.
75. M. Karczewicz and R. Kurceren, "The SP- and Si-frames design for H.264/AVC," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 13, pp. 637-644, Jul. 2003.
76. T. Ebrahimi and C. Home, "MPEG-4 natural video coding-An overview," Signal Process. Image Commun., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 365-385, 2000.
77. G. Cote, B. Erol, M. Gallant, and F. Kossentini, "H.263+: Video coding at low bit rates," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 8, pp. 849-866, Nov. 1998.
78. H.-C. Huang, C.-N. Wang, and T. Chiang, "A robust fine granularity scalability using trellis-based predictive leak," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 372-385, Jun. 2002.
79. C. Yuan, B. B. Zhu, Y. Wang, S. Li, and Y. Zhong, "Efficient and fully scalable encryption for MPEG-4 FGS," in Proc. Int. Symp. Circuits Syst., vol. 2, 2003, pp. 620-623.
80. A. M. Eskicioglu and E. J. Delp, "An integrated approach to encrypting scalable video," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Multimedia Expo, vol. 1, 2002, pp. 573-576.
81. S. J. Wee and J. G. Apostolopoulos, "Secure scalable streaming enabling transcoding without decryption," in Proc. Int. Conf. Image Processing, vol. 1, 2001, pp. 437-440.
82. M. Maes, T. Kalker, J.-P. M. G. Linnartz, J. Talstra, G. F. G. Depovere, and J. Haitsma, "Digital watermarking for DVD video copy protection," IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 17, pp. 47-57, Sep. 2000.
83. G. Doërr and J.-L. Dugelay, "A guide tour of video watermarking," Signal Process. Image Commun., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 263-282, Apr. 2003.
84. I. Cox, M. Miller, and J. Bloom, Digital Watermarking. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2002.
85. C. I. Podilchuk and E. J. Delp, "Digital watermarking: Algorithms and applications," IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 18, pp. 33-46, Jul. 2001.
86. M. Barni, C. I. Podilchuk, F. Bartolini, and E. J. Delp, "Watermark embedding: Hiding a signal within a cover image," IEEE Commun. Mag., pp. 102-108, Aug. 2001.
87. G. Langelaar, I. Setyawan, and R. Lagendijk, "Watermarking digital image and video data: A state-of-the-art overview," IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 17, pp. 20-46, Sep. 2000.
88. M. Kutter. (2000) Digital Watermarking World. [Online]. Available: http://www.watennarkingworld.org
89. F. Hartung and M. Kutter, "Multimedia watermarking techniques," Proc. IEEE, vol. 87, no. 7, pp. 1079-1107, Jul. 1999.
90. R. Wolfgang, C. Podilchuk, and E. Delp, "Perceptual watermarks for digital images and video," Proc. IEEE, vol. 87, no. 7, pp. 1108-1126, Jul. 1999.
91. M. Barni, F. Bartolini, and A. D. Rosa, "Advantages and drawbacks of multiplicative spread spectrum watermarking," Proc. SPIE Security Watermarking of Multimedia Contents V, pp. 290-299, Jan. 2003.
92. J. J. Eggers, R. Bäuml, R. Tzschoppe, and B. Girod, "Scalar costa scheme for information embedding," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 15, pp. 1003-1019, Apr. 2003.
93. B. Chen and G. W. Wornell, "Quantization index modulation: A class of provably good methods for digital watermarking and information embedding," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 47, pp. 1423-1443, May 2001.
94. I. Setyawan, G. Kakes, and R. L. Lagendijk, "Synchronization- insensitive video watermarking using structured noise pattern," Proc. SPIE Security Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IV, pp. 520-530, Jan. 2002.
95. J. Dittmann, T. Fiebig, and R. Steinmetz, "A new approach for transformation invariant image and video watermarking in the spatial domain: SSP-Self spanning patterns," Proc. SPIE Security Watermarking of Multimedia Contents II, vol. 3971, pp. 176-185, Jan. 2000.
96. T. Kalker, G. Depovere, J. Haitsma, and M. Maes, "A video watermarking system for broadcast monitoring," Proc. SPIE Security Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, vol. 3657, pp. 103-112, Jan. 1999.
97. F. Deguillaume, G. Csurka, J. O'Ruanaidh, and T. Pun, "Robust 3D DFT video watermarking," Proc. SPIE Security Watermarking Multimedia Contents I, vol. 3657, pp. 113-124, Jan. 1999.
98. X. Kang, J. Huang, Y. Q. Shi, and Y. Lin, "A DWT-DFT composite watermarking scheme robust to both affine transform and JPEG compression," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 13, pp. 776-786, Aug. 2003.
99. A. M. Alattar, E. T. Lin, and M. U. Celik, "Digital watermarking of low bit-rate advanced simple profile MPEG-4 compressed video," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 13, pp. 787-800, Aug. 2003.
100. G. C. Langelaar and R. L. Lagendijk, "Optimal differential energy watermarking of DCT encoded images and video," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 10, pp. 148-158, Jan. 2001.
101. F. Hartung and B. Girod, "Watermarking of uncompressed and compressed video," Signal Process., vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 283-301, May 1998.
102. I. J. Cox, J. Kilian, F. T. Leighton, and T. Shamoon, "Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 6, pp. 1673-1687, Dec. 1997.
103. C. V. Serdean, M. A. Ambroze, M. Tomlinson, and J. G. Wade, "DWT-based high capacity blind video watermarking, invariant to geometrical attacks," in Proc. IEEE Vision, Image Signal Processing, vol. 150, 2003, pp. 51-58.
104. M. D. Swanson, B. Zhu, and A. H. Tewfik, "Multiresolution scene-based video watermarking using perceptual models," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 16, pp. 540-550, May 1998.
105. J. Dittmann, M. Steinebach, I. Rimac, S. Fischer, and R. Steinmetz, "Combined video and audio watermarking: Embedding content information in multimedia data," Proc. SPIE Security Watermarking Multimedia Contents II, vol. 3971, pp. 455-464, Jan. 2000.
106. J. F. Delaigle, C. Devleeschouwer, B. Macq, and I. Lagendijk, "Human visual system features enabling watermarking," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Multimedia Expo, vol. 2, 2002, pp. 489-492.
107. J. Eggers and B. Girod, Informed Watermarking. Boston, MA: Kluwer, 2002.
108. J. K. Su and B. Girod, "Power-spectrum condition for energy-efficient watermarking," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 4, pp. 551-560, Dec. 2002.
109. S. Voloshynovskiy, F. Deguillaume, S. Pereira, and T. Pun, "Optimal adaptive diversity watermarking with channel state estimation," Proc. SPIE Security Watermarking Multimedia Contents III, vol. 4314, pp. 673-685, Jan. 2001.
110. S. Voloshynovskiy, S. Pereira, V. Iquise, and T. Pun, "Attack modeling: Toward a second generation watermarking benchmark," Signal Process., vol. 81, no. 6, pp. 1177-1214, Jun. 2001.
111. S. Voloshynovskiy, S. Pereira, T. Pun, J. J. Eggers, and J. K. Su, "Attacks on digital watermarks: Classification, estimation-based attacks, and benchmarks," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 39, pp. 118-126, Aug. 2001.
112. F. A. P. Petitcolas, R. J. Anderson, and M. G. Kuhn, "Attacks on copyright marking systems," in Proc. 2nd Int. Workshop Information Hiding, 1998, pp. 219-239.
113. Y. Bodo, N. Laurent, and J.-L. Dugelay, "Watermarking video, hierarchical embedding in motion vectors," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing, vol. 2, 2003, pp. 739-742.
114. J. Zhang, J. Li, and L. Zhang, "Video watermark technique in motion vector," in Proc. 14th Brazilian Symp. Computer Graphics and Image Processing, 2001, pp. 179-182.
115. G. C. Langelaar, R. L. Lagendijk, and J. Biemond, "Real-time labeling of MPEG-2 compressed video," J. Visual Commun. Image Representat., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 256-270, Dec. 1998.
116. R. Chandramouli and N. D. Memon, "On sequential watermark detection," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 51, pp. 1034-1044, Apr. 2003.
117. W. Fumy and P. Landrock, "Principles of key management," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 11, pp. 785-793, Jun. 1993.
118. W. Diffie and M. E. Hellman, "New directions in cryptography," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-22, pp. 644-654, Nov. 1976.
119. R. M. Needham and M. D. Schroeder, "Using encryption for authentication in large networks of computers," Commun. ACM, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 993-999, Dec. 1978.
120. P. Judge and M. Ammar, "Security issues and solutions in multicast content distribution: A survey," IEEE Network, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 30-36, Jan./Feb. 2003.
121. W. Trappe, J. Song, R. Poovendran, and K. J. R. Liu, "Key management and distribution for secure multimedia multicast," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 5, pp. 544-557, Dec. 2003.
122. R. Mukherjee and J. W. Atwood, "Proxy encryptions for secure multicast key management," in Proc. 28th Annu. IEEE Int. Conf. Local, Computer Networks, 2003, pp. 377-384.
123. K.-C. Chan and S.-H. G. Chan, "Key management approaches to offer data confidentiality for secure multicast," IEEE Network, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 30-39, Sep./Oct. 2003.
124. S. Rafaeli and D. Hutchison, "A survey of key management for secure group communication," ACM Comput. Surveys, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 309-329, Sep. 2003.
125. A. Wool, "Key management for encrypted broadcast," ACM Trans. Inform. Syst. Security, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 107-134, May 2000.
126. M. J. Moyer, J. R. Rao, and P. Rohatgi, "A survey of security issues in multicast communications," IEEE Network, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 12-23, Nov./Dec. 1999.
127. H. hua Chu, L. Qiao, and K. Nahrstedt, "A secure multicast protocol with copyright protection," Proc. SPIE Security Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, vol. 3657, pp. 460-471, Jan. 1999.
128. I. Brown, C. Perkins, and J. Crowcroft, "Watercasting: Distributed watermarking of multicast media," in Proc. Networked Group Communication '99, pp. 286-300.
129. P. Judge and M. Ammar, "WHIM: Watermarking multicast video with a hierarchy of intermediaries," presented at the 10th Int. Workshop Network Operation System Support Digital Audio Video, Chapel Hill, NC, 2000.
130. G. Caronni and C. Schuba, "Enabling hierarchical and bulk-distribution for watermarked content," presented at the 17th Annu. Computer Security Applications Conf., New Orleans, LA, 2001.
131. D. Kirovski and F. A. P. Petitcolas, "Blind pattern matching attack on watermarking systems," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 51, pp. 1045-1053, Apr. 2003.
132. S. Voloshynovskiy, S. Pereira, A. Herrigel, N. Baumgartner, and T. Pun, "Generalized watermarking attack based on watermark estimation and perceptual remodulation," Proc. SPIE Security Watermarking Multimedia Contents II, vol. 3971, pp. 358-370, Jan. 2000.
133. E. T. Lin and E. J. Delp, "Temporal synchronization in video watermarking," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 3007-3022, Oct. 2004.
134. H. Liu, N. Chen, J. Huang, X. Huang, and Y. Q. Shi, "A robust DWT-based video watermarking algorithm," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Systems, vol. 3, 2002, pp. 631-634.
135. C.-Y. Lin, M. Wu, J. A. Bloom, I. J. Cox, M. L. Miller, and Y. M. Lui, "Rotation, scale, and translation resilient watermarking for images," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 10, pp. 767-782, May 2001.
136. J. J. O'Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking," Signal Process., vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 303-317, May 1998.
137. X. Niu, M. Schmucker, and C. Busch, "Video watermarking resisting to rotation, scale, and translation," Proc. SPIE Security Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IV, vol. 4675, pp. 512-519, Jan. 2002.
138. N. V. Boulgouris, F. D. Koravos, and M. G. Strintzis, "Self-synchronizing watermark detection for MPEG-4 objects," in Proc. 8th lEEE Int. Conf. Electronics, Circuits, Systems 2001, vol. 3, 2001, pp. 1371-1374.
139. D. Delannay and B. Macq, "Generalized 2-D cyclic patterns for secret watermark generation," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing, vol. 2, 2000, pp. 77-79.
140. P. Bas, J.-M. Chassery, and B. Macq, "Geometrically invariant watermarking using feature points," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 11, pp. 1014-1028, Sep. 2002.
141. G. Doërr and J.-L. Dugelay. (2003, Jul.) Switching between orthogonal watermarks for enhanced security against collusion in video. Eurécom Institute. [Online]. Available: http://www.eurecom.fr/~doerr
142. M. U. Celik, G. Sharma, and A. M. Tekalp, "Collusion-resilient fingerprinting using random pre-warping," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing, 2003, pp. 509-512.
143. W. Trappe, M. Wu, and K. J. R. Liu, "Anti-collusion codes: Multi-user and multimedia perspectives," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing, vol. 2, 2002, pp. 149-152.
144. D. Boneh and J. Shaw, "Collusion-secure fingerprinting for digital data," IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 44, pp. 1897-1905, Sep. 1998.
145. A. Adelsbach, S. Katzenbeisser, and H. Veith, "Watermarking schemes provably secure against copy and ambiguity attacks," in Proc. ACM Workshop Digital Rights Management, 2003, pp. 111-119.
146. M. Barni, F. Bartolini, and T. Furon, "A general framework for robust watermark security," Signal Process., vol. 83, no. 10, pp. 2069-2084, Oct. 2003.
147. F. Deguillaume, S. Voloshynovskiy, and T. Pun, "Secure hybrid robust watermarking resistant against tampering and copy attack," Signal Process., vol. 83, no. 10, pp. 2133-2170, Oct. 2003.
148. C.-S. Lu, H.-Y. M. Liao, and M. Kutter, "Denoising and copy attacks resilient watermarking by exploiting prior knowledge at detector," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 11, pp. 280-292, Mar. 2002.
149. M. Kutter, S. Voloshynovskiy, and A. Herrigel, "The watermark copy attack," Proc. SPIE Security Watermarking Multimedia Contents II, vol. 3971, pp. 371-380, Jan. 2000.
150. M. Holliman and N. Memon, "Counterfeiting attacks on oblivious block-wise independent invisible watermarking schemes," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 9, pp. 432-441, Mar. 2000.
151. B. Macq, J. Dittmann, and E. J. Delp, "Benchmarking of image watermarking algorithms for digital rights management," Proc. IEEE, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 971-984, Jun. 2004.
152. H. C. Kim, H. Ogunley, O. Guitart, and E. J. Delp, "The watermark evaluation testbed," presented at the SPIE Int. Conf. Security, Steganography, Watermarking VI, San Jose, CA, 2004.