A theoretical and experimental investigation of light extraction from polymer light-emitting diodes

Journal of Applied Physics

Volumn 97, Issue 6, 2005, Pages

  Ziebarth, Jonathan M ^a   McGehee, Michael D ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INTERNAL EMISSION TECHNIQUE; LIGHT EXTRACTION; LIGHT-EMITTING POLYMER (LEP); SUBSTRATE-SHAPING TECHNIQUES;

INDIUM COMPOUNDS; LIGHT; OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES; POLYMERS; POWER CONVERTERS; SUBSTRATES;

LIGHT EMITTING DIODES;

EID: 20444455391     PISSN: 00218979     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.1866487     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. N. Greenham, R. H. Friend, and D. D. C. Bradley, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 6, 491 (1994).
2. J. Gruner, R. Cacialli, and R. H. Friend, J. Appl. Phys. 80, 207 (1996).
3. R. H. Jordan, L. J. Rothberg, A. Dodabalapur, and R. E. Slusher, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 1997 (1997).
4. T. Tsutsui, M. Yahiro, H. Yokogawa, K. Kawano, and M. Yokoyama, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 13, 1149 (2001).
5. H. Riel, S. Karg, T. Beierlein, B. Ruhstaller, and W. Riess, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 466 (2003).
6. C. F. Madigan, M. H. Lu, and J. C. Sturm, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1650 (2000).
7. T. Yamasaki, K. Sumioka, and T. Tsutsui, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1243 (2000).
8. J. J. Shiang, T. J. Faircloth, and A. R. Duggal, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 2889 (2004).
9. S. Moller and S. Forrest, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 3324 (2002).
10. J. J. Shiang and A. R. Duggal, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 2880 (2004).
11. J. M. Lupton, B. J. Matterson, and I. D. W. Samuel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 3340 (2000).
12. B. J. Matterson, J. M. Lupton, A. F. Safonov, M. G. Salt, W. L. Barnes, and I. D. W. Samuel, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 13, 123 (2001).
13. J. M. Ziebarth, A. K. Saafir, and M. D. McGehee, Adv. Funct. Mater. 14, 451 (2004).
14. Y.-J. Lee, S.-H. Kim, J. Huh, G.-H. Kim, Y.-H. Lee, S.-H. Cho, Y.-C. Kim, and Y. R. Do, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 3779 (2003).
15. Y. R. Do, Y.-C. Kim, Y.-W. Song, C.-O. Cho, H. Jeon, Y.-J. Lee, S.-H. Kim, and Y.-H. Lee, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 15, 1214 (2003).
16. V. Bulovic, V. Khalfin, G. Gu, P. Burrows, D. Garbuzov, and S. Forrest, Phys. Rev. B 58, 3730 (1998).
17. M. H. Lu and J. C. Sturm, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 1927 (2001).
18. J. S. Kim, P. K. H. Ho, N. C. Greenham, and R. H. Friend, J. Appl. Phys. 88, 1073 (2000).
19. J. Wasey, A. Safonov, I. Samuel, and W. Barnes, Opt. Commun. 183, 109 (2000).
20. W. L. Barnes, J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 2170 (1999).
21. W. Wu, Microelectron. J. 35, 343 (2004).
22. H. Raether, Surface Plasmons (Springer, Berlin, 1988).
23. G. W. Ford and W. H. Weber, Phys. Rep. 113, 195 (1984).
24. J. M. Ziebarth and M. D. McGehee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 5092 (2003).
25. D. McBranch, I. H. Campbell, D. L. Smith, and J. P. Ferraris, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 1175 (1995).
26. J. Sturm, Thin Solid Films 298, 138 (1997).
27. M. Tammer, R. Higgins, and A. Monkman, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 4010 (2002).
28. P. Hobson, J. Wasey, I. Sage, and W. Barnes, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8, 378 (2002).
29. D. Poplavskyy, W. Su, F. Pschenitzka, and F. So, Proc. SPIE 5519, 110 (2004).
30. Y. Cao, I. D. Parker, G. Yu, C. Zhang, and A. J. Heeger, Nature (London) 397, 414 (1999).
31. D. K. Gifford and D. G. Hall, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4315 (2002).
32. S. Wedge, J. A. E. Wasey, W. L. Barnes, and I. Sage, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 182 (2004).
33. P. A. Hobson, S. Wedge, J. A. E. Wasey, I. Sage, and W. L. Barnes, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 14, 1393 (2002).
34. D. K. Gifford and D. G. Hall, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 3679 (2002).
35. J. Chilwell and I. Hodgkinson, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1, 742 (1984).
36. Integrated Optics, edited by, T. Tamir, (Springer, Berlin, 1979).