메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 1019-1035

Delayed effects of flood control on a flood-dependent riparian forest

Author keywords

Channel narrowing; Dam effects; Elaeagnus; Populus; Riparian vegetation; Salix; Streamflow regulation

Indexed keywords

FLOOD CONTROL; FLOODPLAIN; FLOW REGULATION; FOREST DYNAMICS; RIPARIAN FOREST;

EID: 20444427632     PISSN: 10510761     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/04-0076     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (40)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 84879880538 scopus 로고
    • Downstream effects of Flaming Gorge reservoir on the Green River, Colorado and Utah
    • Andrews, E. D. 1986. Downstream effects of Flaming Gorge reservoir on the Green River, Colorado and Utah. Geological Society of America Bulletin 97:1012-1023.
    • (1986) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.97 , pp. 1012-1023
    • Andrews, E.D.1
  • 2
    • 0024915102 scopus 로고
    • Guide for selecting Manning's roughness coefficients for natural channels and flood plains
    • U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Arcement, J., Jr., and V. R. Schneider. 1989. Guide for selecting Manning's roughness coefficients for natural channels and flood plains. Water-Supply Paper 2339, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1989) Water-Supply Paper 2339
    • Arcement Jr., J.1    Schneider, V.R.2
  • 3
    • 0032455856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluvial disturbance patches and cottonwood recruitment along the upper Missouri River, Montana
    • Auble, G. T., and M. L. Scott. 1998. Fluvial disturbance patches and cottonwood recruitment along the upper Missouri River, Montana. Wetlands 18:546-556.
    • (1998) Wetlands , vol.18 , pp. 546-556
    • Auble, G.T.1    Scott, M.L.2
  • 4
    • 0002187625 scopus 로고
    • Roughness characteristics of natural channels
    • U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Barnes, H. H. 1967. Roughness characteristics of natural channels. Water-Supply Paper 1849, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1967) Water-Supply Paper 1849
    • Barnes, H.H.1
  • 6
    • 20444407068 scopus 로고
    • Predevelopment and 1980 water table in the northern High Plains of Colorado, and water-level changes, predevelopment to 1980, and 1975 to 1980
    • U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Borman, R. G. 1983. Predevelopment and 1980 water table in the northern High Plains of Colorado, and water-level changes, predevelopment to 1980, and 1975 to 1980. Hydrologie Investigations Atlas. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1983) Hydrologie Investigations Atlas
    • Borman, R.G.1
  • 7
    • 0022851330 scopus 로고
    • Plains cottonwood recruitment and survival on a prairie meandering river floodplain, Milk River, southern Alberta and northern Montana
    • Bradley, C. E., and D. G. Smith. 1986. Plains cottonwood recruitment and survival on a prairie meandering river floodplain, Milk River, southern Alberta and northern Montana. Canadian Journal of Botany 64:1433-1442.
    • (1986) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.64 , pp. 1433-1442
    • Bradley, C.E.1    Smith, D.G.2
  • 8
    • 0034256071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification of geomorphological effects downstream of dams
    • Brandt, S. A. 2000. Classification of geomorphological effects downstream of dams. Catena 40:375-401.
    • (2000) Catena , vol.40 , pp. 375-401
    • Brandt, S.A.1
  • 11
    • 0028174798 scopus 로고
    • A multi-scale assessment of the occurrence of exotic plants in the Olympic Peninsula, Washington
    • DeFarrari, C. M., and R. J. Naiman. 1994. A multi-scale assessment of the occurrence of exotic plants in the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Journal of Vegetation Science 5:247-258.
    • (1994) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.5 , pp. 247-258
    • DeFarrari, C.M.1    Naiman, R.J.2
  • 12
    • 0024877950 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of errors in tree age estimates based on increment cores in kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacryioides)
    • Duncan, R. P. 1989. An evaluation of errors in tree age estimates based on increment cores in kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacryioides). New Zealand Natural Sciences 16:31-37.
    • (1989) New Zealand Natural Sciences , vol.16 , pp. 31-37
    • Duncan, R.P.1
  • 13
    • 0032462404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronology of the spread of tamarisk in the central Rio Grande
    • Everitt, B. L. 1998. Chronology of the spread of tamarisk in the central Rio Grande. Wetlands 18:658-668.
    • (1998) Wetlands , vol.18 , pp. 658-668
    • Everitt, B.L.1
  • 14
    • 20444364366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Downstream effects of the Pelton-Round Butte hydroelectric project on bedload transport, channel morphology, and channel-bed texture, lower Descutes River, Oregon
    • G. E. Grant and J. E. O'Connor, editors. A peculiar river: geology, geomorphology, and hydrology of the Deschutes River, Oregon. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Fassnacht, H., E. M. McClure, G. E. Grant, and P. C. Klingeman. 2003. Downstream effects of the Pelton-Round Butte hydroelectric project on bedload transport, channel morphology, and channel-bed texture, lower Descutes River, Oregon. Pages 169-202 in G. E. Grant and J. E. O'Connor, editors. A peculiar river: geology, geomorphology, and hydrology of the Deschutes River, Oregon. Water Science and Applications Series. Volume 7. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (2003) Water Science and Applications Series , vol.7 , pp. 169-202
    • Fassnacht, H.1    McClure, E.M.2    Grant, G.E.3    Klingeman, P.C.4
  • 15
    • 3043006361 scopus 로고
    • Flood on Republican and Kansas Rivers May and June 1935
    • U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Follansbee, R., and J. P. Spiegel. 1937. Flood on Republican and Kansas Rivers May and June 1935. Water-Supply Paper 796-R, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1937) Water-Supply Paper 796-R
    • Follansbee, R.1    Spiegel, J.P.2
  • 16
    • 0036707225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme floods, channel change and riparian forests along ephemeral streams
    • Friedman, J. M., and V. J. Lee. 2002. Extreme floods, channel change and riparian forests along ephemeral streams. Ecological Applications 72:409-425.
    • (2002) Ecological Applications , vol.72 , pp. 409-425
    • Friedman, J.M.1    Lee, V.J.2
  • 17
    • 0030431846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Channel narrowing and vegetation development following a Great-Plains flood
    • Friedman, J. M., W. R. Osterkamp, and W. M. J. Lewis. 1996. Channel narrowing and vegetation development following a Great-Plains flood. Ecology 77:2167-2181.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 2167-2181
    • Friedman, J.M.1    Osterkamp, W.R.2    Lewis, W.M.J.3
  • 18
    • 0032461826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Downstream effects of dams on channel geometry and bottomland vegetation: Regional patterns in the Great Plains
    • Friedman, J. M., W. R. Osterkamp, M. L. Scott, and G. T. Auble. 1998. Downstream effects of dams on channel geometry and bottomland vegetation: regional patterns in the Great Plains. Wetlands 18:619-633.
    • (1998) Wetlands , vol.18 , pp. 619-633
    • Friedman, J.M.1    Osterkamp, W.R.2    Scott, M.L.3    Auble, G.T.4
  • 19
    • 0000009917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water management and cottonwood forest dynamics along prairie streams
    • F. L. Knopf and F. B. Samson, editors. Springer-Verlag, New York, USA
    • Friedman, J. M., M. L. Scott, and G. T. Auble. 1997. Water management and cottonwood forest dynamics along prairie streams. Pages 49-71 In F. L. Knopf and F. B. Samson, editors. Ecology and conservation of great plains vertebrates. Springer-Verlag, New York, USA.
    • (1997) Ecology and Conservation of Great Plains Vertebrates , pp. 49-71
    • Friedman, J.M.1    Scott, M.L.2    Auble, G.T.3
  • 20
    • 0003909770 scopus 로고
    • University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
    • Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
    • (1986) Flora of the Great Plains
  • 21
    • 0027028211 scopus 로고
    • Dams and riparian forests: Case study from the upper Missouri River
    • Johnson, W. C. 1992. Dams and riparian forests: case study from the upper Missouri River. Rivers 3:229-242.
    • (1992) Rivers , vol.3 , pp. 229-242
    • Johnson, W.C.1
  • 22
    • 0028178566 scopus 로고
    • Woodland expansion in the Platte River, Nebraska: Patterns and causes
    • Johnson, W. C. 1994. Woodland expansion in the Platte River, Nebraska: patterns and causes. Ecological Monographs 64:45-84.
    • (1994) Ecological Monographs , vol.64 , pp. 45-84
    • Johnson, W.C.1
  • 23
    • 0031432806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equilibrium response of riparian vegetation to flow regulation in the Platte River, Nebraska
    • Johnson, W. C. 1997. Equilibrium response of riparian vegetation to flow regulation in the Platte River, Nebraska. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 13:403-415.
    • (1997) Regulated Rivers: Research and Management , vol.13 , pp. 403-415
    • Johnson, W.C.1
  • 24
    • 0032455889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjustment of riparian vegetation to river regulation in the Great Plains, USA
    • Johnson, W. C. 1998. Adjustment of riparian vegetation to river regulation in the Great Plains, USA. Wetlands 18:608-618.
    • (1998) Wetlands , vol.18 , pp. 608-618
    • Johnson, W.C.1
  • 25
    • 0036222361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riparian vegetation diversity along regulated rivers: Contribution of novel and relict habitats
    • Johnson, W. C. 2002. Riparian vegetation diversity along regulated rivers: contribution of novel and relict habitats. Freshwater Biology 47:749-759.
    • (2002) Freshwater Biology , vol.47 , pp. 749-759
    • Johnson, W.C.1
  • 26
    • 0002179401 scopus 로고
    • Forest overstory vegetation and environment on the Missouri River floodplain in North Dakota
    • Johnson, W. C., R. L. Burgess, and W. R. Keammerer. 1976. Forest overstory vegetation and environment on the Missouri River floodplain in North Dakota. Ecological Monographs 46:59-84.
    • (1976) Ecological Monographs , vol.46 , pp. 59-84
    • Johnson, W.C.1    Burgess, R.L.2    Keammerer, W.R.3
  • 29
    • 0034957306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of physical disturbance and granivory on establishment of native and alien riparian trees in Colorado, U.S.A.
    • Katz, G. L., J. M. Friedman, and S. W. Beatty. 2001. Effects of physical disturbance and granivory on establishment of native and alien riparian trees in Colorado, U.S.A. Diversity and Distributions 7:1-14.
    • (2001) Diversity and Distributions , vol.7 , pp. 1-14
    • Katz, G.L.1    Friedman, J.M.2    Beatty, S.W.3
  • 30
    • 1442266612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biology, ecology, and management of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Russian olive) in western North America
    • Katz, G. L., and P. B. Shafroth. 2003. Biology, ecology, and management of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Russian olive) in western North America. Wetlands 23:763-777.
    • (2003) Wetlands , vol.23 , pp. 763-777
    • Katz, G.L.1    Shafroth, P.B.2
  • 32
    • 0035128309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history and invasion of Russian olive along eastern Montana rivers
    • Lesica, P., and S. Miles. 2001. Natural history and invasion of Russian olive along eastern Montana rivers. Western North American Naturalist 61:1-10.
    • (2001) Western North American Naturalist , vol.61 , pp. 1-10
    • Lesica, P.1    Miles, S.2
  • 33
    • 0032456221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streamflow requirements for cottonwood seedling recruitment - An integrative model
    • Mahoney, J. M., and S. B. Rood. 1998. Streamflow requirements for cottonwood seedling recruitment - an integrative model. Wetlands 18:634-645.
    • (1998) Wetlands , vol.18 , pp. 634-645
    • Mahoney, J.M.1    Rood, S.B.2
  • 34
    • 84930130942 scopus 로고
    • Floods of June 1965 in South Platte River basin
    • U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Matthai, H. F. 1969. Floods of June 1965 in South Platte River basin. Water-Supply Paper 1850-B, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1969) Water-Supply Paper 1850-B
    • Matthai, H.F.1
  • 36
    • 0034534462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riparian vegetation and channel change in response to river regulation: A comparative study of regulated and unregulated streams in the Green River Basin, USA
    • Merritt, D. M., and D. J. Cooper. 2000. Riparian vegetation and channel change in response to river regulation: a comparative study of regulated and unregulated streams in the Green River Basin, USA. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 16:543-564.
    • (2000) Regulated Rivers: Research and Management , vol.16 , pp. 543-564
    • Merritt, D.M.1    Cooper, D.J.2
  • 37
    • 0001891340 scopus 로고
    • Naturalization of Russian-olive in the western United States
    • Olson, T. E., and F. L. Knopf. 1986. Naturalization of Russian-olive in the western United States. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 1:65-69.
    • (1986) Western Journal of Applied Forestry , vol.1 , pp. 65-69
    • Olson, T.E.1    Knopf, F.L.2
  • 38
    • 0000278218 scopus 로고
    • Gradient, discharge, and particle-size relations of alluvial channels in Kansas, with observations on braiding
    • Osterkamp, W. R. 1978. Gradient, discharge, and particle-size relations of alluvial channels in Kansas, with observations on braiding. American Journal of Science 278:1253-1268.
    • (1978) American Journal of Science , vol.278 , pp. 1253-1268
    • Osterkamp, W.R.1
  • 39
    • 0023486938 scopus 로고
    • Changes accompanying an extraordinary flood on a sand-bed stream
    • L. Mayer and D. Nash, editors. Allen and Unwin, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    • Osterkamp, W. R., and J. E. Costa. 1987. Changes accompanying an extraordinary flood on a sand-bed stream. Pages 201-224 in L. Mayer and D. Nash, editors. Catastrophic flooding. Allen and Unwin, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
    • (1987) Catastrophic Flooding , pp. 201-224
    • Osterkamp, W.R.1    Costa, J.E.2
  • 41
    • 0034351928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The disparity between extreme rainfall events and rare floods - With emphasis on the semi-arid American west
    • Osterkamp, W. R., and J. M. Friedman. 2000. The disparity between extreme rainfall events and rare floods - with emphasis on the semi-arid American west. Hydrological Processes 14:2817-2829.
    • (2000) Hydrological Processes , vol.14 , pp. 2817-2829
    • Osterkamp, W.R.1    Friedman, J.M.2
  • 43
    • 0034734915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and application of a comprehensive simulation model to evaluate impacts of watershed structures and irrigation water use on streamflow and groundwater: The case of Wet Walnut Creek Watershed, Kansas, USA
    • Ramireddygari, S. R., M. A. Sophocleous, J. K. Koelliker, S. P. Perkins, and R. S. Govindaraju. 2000. Development and application of a comprehensive simulation model to evaluate impacts of watershed structures and irrigation water use on streamflow and groundwater: the case of Wet Walnut Creek Watershed, Kansas, USA. Journal of Hydrology 236:223-246.
    • (2000) Journal of Hydrology , vol.236 , pp. 223-246
    • Ramireddygari, S.R.1    Sophocleous, M.A.2    Koelliker, J.K.3    Perkins, S.P.4    Govindaraju, R.S.5
  • 44
    • 0033772695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribing flood regimes to sustain riparian ecosystems along meandering rivers
    • Richter, B. D., and H. E. Richter. 2000. Prescribing flood regimes to sustain riparian ecosystems along meandering rivers. Conservation Biology 14:1467-1478.
    • (2000) Conservation Biology , vol.14 , pp. 1467-1478
    • Richter, B.D.1    Richter, H.E.2
  • 45
    • 0032464344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial cottonwood seedling recruitment following the flood of the century of the Oldman River, Alberta, Canada
    • Rood, S. B., A. R. Kalischuk, and J. M. Mahoney. 1998. Initial cottonwood seedling recruitment following the flood of the century of the Oldman River, Alberta, Canada. Wetlands 18:557-570.
    • (1998) Wetlands , vol.18 , pp. 557-570
    • Rood, S.B.1    Kalischuk, A.R.2    Mahoney, J.M.3
  • 46
    • 0025196364 scopus 로고
    • Collapse of riparian Poplar forests downstream from dams in western prairies: Probable causes and prosepects for mitigation
    • Rood, S. B., and J. M. Mahoney. 1990. Collapse of riparian Poplar forests downstream from dams in western prairies: probable causes and prosepects for mitigation. Environmental Management 14:451-464.
    • (1990) Environmental Management , vol.14 , pp. 451-464
    • Rood, S.B.1    Mahoney, J.M.2
  • 47
    • 0033496815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of flow regulation on channel dynamics and riparian cottonwoods along the Bow River, Alberta
    • Rood, S. B., K. Taboulchanas, C. E. Bradley, and A. R. Kalischuk. 1999. Influence of flow regulation on channel dynamics and riparian cottonwoods along the Bow River, Alberta. Rivers 7:33-48.
    • (1999) Rivers , vol.7 , pp. 33-48
    • Rood, S.B.1    Taboulchanas, K.2    Bradley, C.E.3    Kalischuk, A.R.4
  • 48
    • 0023477040 scopus 로고
    • Climate of the Great Plains region of the United States
    • Rosenberg, N. J. 1986. Climate of the Great Plains region of the United States. Great Plains Quarterly 7:22-32.
    • (1986) Great Plains Quarterly , vol.7 , pp. 22-32
    • Rosenberg, N.J.1
  • 49
    • 0003709179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA
    • SAS. 1999. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 8. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA.
    • (1999) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 8
  • 50
    • 0001115191 scopus 로고
    • River metamorphosis
    • American Society of Civil Engineers
    • Schumm, S. A. 1969. River metamorphosis. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers 95:255-273.
    • (1969) Journal of the Hydraulics Division , vol.95 , pp. 255-273
    • Schumm, S.A.1
  • 53
    • 0030470799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluvial process and the establishment of bottomland trees
    • Scott, M. L., J. M. Friedman, and G. T. Auble. 1996. Fluvial process and the establishment of bottomland trees. Geomorphology 14:327-339.
    • (1996) Geomorphology , vol.14 , pp. 327-339
    • Scott, M.L.1    Friedman, J.M.2    Auble, G.T.3
  • 54
    • 0028994985 scopus 로고
    • Germination and establishment of native plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marshall subsp. monilifera) and the exotic Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia)
    • Shafroth, P. B., G. T. Auble, and M. L. Scott. 1995. Germination and establishment of native plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marshall subsp. monilifera) and the exotic Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia). Conservation Biology 9:169-175.
    • (1995) Conservation Biology , vol.9 , pp. 169-175
    • Shafroth, P.B.1    Auble, G.T.2    Scott, M.L.3
  • 55
    • 0036160221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riparian vegetation response to altered disturbance and stress regimes
    • Shafroth, P. B., J. C. Stromberg, and D. T. Patten. 2002. Riparian vegetation response to altered disturbance and stress regimes. Ecological Applications 12:107-123.
    • (2002) Ecological Applications , vol.12 , pp. 107-123
    • Shafroth, P.B.1    Stromberg, J.C.2    Patten, D.T.3
  • 56
    • 0036628229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment patterns of native Populus and Salix in the presence of invasive nonnative Tamarix
    • Sher, A. A., D. L. Marshall, and J. P. Taylor. 2002. Establishment patterns of native Populus and Salix in the presence of invasive nonnative Tamarix. Ecological Applications 12:760-772.
    • (2002) Ecological Applications , vol.12 , pp. 760-772
    • Sher, A.A.1    Marshall, D.L.2    Taylor, J.P.3
  • 57
    • 0031696341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riparian zones as havens for exotic plant species in the central grasslands
    • Stohlgren, T. J., K. A. Bull, Y. Otsuki, C. A. Villa, and M. Lee. 1998. Riparian zones as havens for exotic plant species in the central grasslands. Plant Ecology 138:113-125.
    • (1998) Plant Ecology , vol.138 , pp. 113-125
    • Stohlgren, T.J.1    Bull, K.A.2    Otsuki, Y.3    Villa, C.A.4    Lee, M.5
  • 59
    • 0013427275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flood pulses and restoration of riparian vegetation in the American Southwest
    • B. Middleton, editor. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA
    • Stromberg, J. C., and M. K. Chew. 2002. Flood pulses and restoration of riparian vegetation in the American Southwest. Pages 11-49 in B. Middleton, editor. Flood pulsing in wetlands: restoring the natural hydrological balance. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA.
    • (2002) Flood Pulsing in Wetlands: Restoring the Natural Hydrological Balance , pp. 11-49
    • Stromberg, J.C.1    Chew, M.K.2
  • 60
    • 0001313318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of groundwater decline on riparian vegetation of semiarid regions: The San Pedro River, Arizona
    • Stromberg, J. C., R. Tiller, and B. Richter. 1996. Effects of groundwater decline on riparian vegetation of semiarid regions: the San Pedro River, Arizona. Ecological Applications 6:113-131.
    • (1996) Ecological Applications , vol.6 , pp. 113-131
    • Stromberg, J.C.1    Tiller, R.2    Richter, B.3
  • 61
    • 0028974158 scopus 로고
    • Structural variability and invasions of pioneer plant communities in riparian habitats of the middle Ardour River (SW France)
    • Tabacchi, E. 1994. Structural variability and invasions of pioneer plant communities in riparian habitats of the middle Ardour River (SW France). Canadian Journal of Botany 73:33-44.
    • (1994) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.73 , pp. 33-44
    • Tabacchi, E.1
  • 65
    • 0031887975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geomorphology and endangered fish habitats of the upper Colorado River. 1. Historic changes in streamflow, sediment load, and channel morphology
    • VanSteeter, M. M., and J. Pitlick. 1998. Geomorphology and endangered fish habitats of the upper Colorado River. 1. Historic changes in streamflow, sediment load, and channel morphology. Water Resources Research 34:287-302.
    • (1998) Water Resources Research , vol.34 , pp. 287-302
    • VanSteeter, M.M.1    Pitlick, J.2
  • 66
    • 0000016376 scopus 로고
    • Pattern, process, and natural disturbance in vegetation
    • White, P. S. 1979. Pattern, process, and natural disturbance in vegetation. Botanical Review 45:229-299.
    • (1979) Botanical Review , vol.45 , pp. 229-299
    • White, P.S.1
  • 68
    • 0000928346 scopus 로고
    • Relative scales of time and effectiveness of climate in watershed geomorphology
    • Wolman, M. G., and R. Gerson. 1978. Relative scales of time and effectiveness of climate in watershed geomorphology. Earth Surface Processes 3:189-208.
    • (1978) Earth Surface Processes , vol.3 , pp. 189-208
    • Wolman, M.G.1    Gerson, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.