The impacts of IT on firm and industry structures the personal computer industry

California Management Review

Volumn 47, Issue 3, 2005, Pages

  Dedrick, Jason ^a   Kraemer, Kenneth L ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 20144378898     PISSN: 00081256     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. A. Pinsonneault and K.L. Kraemer, "The Impacts of IT on Middle Management Downsizing," Management Science, 43/5 (1997): 659-679;
2. A. Pinsonneault and K.L. Kraemer, "Exploring the Role of Information Technology in Organizational Downsizing: A Tale of Two Cities," Organization Science, 13/2 (2002): 191-208.
3. Yannis Bakos, "The Emerging Role of Electronic Marketplaces on the Internet," Communications of the ACM, 4/8 (1998): 36-42.
4. Oliver E. Williamson, Markets and Hierarchies (New York, NY: Free Press, 1975).
5. Different authors use different terms, such as strategic network, value-added partnership, community, or virtual organization to refer to this type of organizational structure. They also define these structures somewhat differently and, in most cases, acknowledge that they are describing a stylized form of organization. I. Macneil, "Contracts: Adjustments of Long-Term Economic Relations under Classical, Neoclassical and Relational Contract Law," Northwestern University Law Review, 72 (1978): 854-906;
6. Jeffrey L. Bradach and Robert G. Eccles, "Price, Authority, and Trust: From Ideal Types to Plural Forms," Annual Review of Sociology, 15 (1989): 97-118;
7. Paul S. Adler, "Market, Hierarchy, and Trust: The Knowledge Economy and the Future of Capitalism," Organization Science, 12/2) (2001): 215-234.
8. Adler, op. cit., p. 215.
9. Timothy J. Sturgeon, "Modular Production Networks: A New American Model of Industrial Organization," Industrial and Corporate Change, 11/3 (June 2002): 451-496.
10. T.W. Malone, J. Yates, and R.I. Benjamin, "Electronic Markets and Electronic Hierarchies," Communications of the ACM, 30/6 (1987): 484-487;
11. Rolf Wigand, Arnold Picot, and Ralf Reichwald, Information, Organization and Management: Expanding Markets and Corporate Boundaries (New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1997).
12. V. Gurbaxani and S. Whang, "The Impact of Information Systems on Organizations and Markets," Communications of the ACM, 54/1 (1991): 59-73;
13. Yannis Bakos and Michael E. Treacy, "Information Technology and Corporate Strategy: A Research Perspective," MIS Quarterly, 10/2 (1986): 107-119.
14. Karl Ulrich, "The Role of Product Architecture in the Manufacturing Firm," Research Policy, 24 (1995): 419-440;
15. Stefano Brusoni and Andrea Principe, "Unpacking the Black Box of Modularity: Technologies, Products and Organizations," Industrial and Corporate Change, 10/1 (2001): 179-205.
16. Andrew S. Grove, Only the Paranoid Survive : How to Exploit the Crisis Points that Challenge Every Company and Career (New York, NY: Currency Doubleday, 1996):
17. Jason Dedrick and Kenneth L. Kraemer, Asia's Computer Challenge: Threat or Opportunity for the United States and the World? (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1998).
18. Hoovers Online, company reports and industry averages, 〈www.hoovers.com〉, 2004.
19. James Curry and Martin Kenney, "Beating the Clock: Corporate Responses to Rapid Change in the PC Industry," California Management Review, 42/1 (Fall 1999): 8-36.
20. Kenneth L. Kraemer, Jason Dedrick, and Sandra Yamashiro, "Dell Computer: Refining and Extending the Business Model with IT," The Information Society, 16 (1999): 5-21;
21. Hoovers Online, op. cit.
22. Our various cases on the computer industry document the details of how these inventory improvements were achieved. See, also, Joel West, "Apple Computer: The iCEO Seizes the Internet," CRITO, University of California, Irvine, CA, 〈crito.uci.edu/pubs/2004/apple.pdf〉, 2002;
23. Josh Stern, "Supply Chain Management and Dell," CRITO, University of California, Irvine, CA, 2004.
24. Sturgeon, op. cit.; interviews with CMs.
25. Shin-Homg Chen, "Global Production Networks and Information Technology: The Case of Taiwan," Industry & Innovation, 9/3 (December 2002): 249-266.; interviews with ODMs.
26. Michael McManus, "Taiwan Notebook Industry Overview," DigiTimes, February 3, 2005, 〈www.digitimes.com/NewsShow/NewsSearch.asp? DocID=000000000000000000000000000 02804&query=TAIWAN+NOTEBOOK〉.
27. Tain-Jy Chen, "Globalization and e-Commerce: Growth and Impacts in Taiwan," CRTTO, University of California, Irvine, CA, 〈www.crito.uci. edu/GIT/publications/pdf/taiwanGEC.pdf〉, 2001.
28. Christina Dyrness, 'IBM to Get Out of PCs," The News & Observer, Raleigh, NC, January 9, 2002, p. D1.
29. "The Ax Falls in Europe, Middle East, and Africa," HP World Magazine, 5/8 (2002);
30. Robert Ristelhueber, "HP To Sell PC Plant In France To Hungry Sanmina-SCI," Electronic Buyers' News, January 21, 2002, p. 3.
31. "Apple Computer Closes Elk Grove, Calif., Plant," Sacramento Bee, April 14, 2004.
32. Interview with Dell executive.
33. Ingram Micro interviews.
34. Confidential interviews with Dell customers.
35. Dell and other PC makers execute large contracts with their corporate customers, but the actual orders against those contracts usually come in a few at a time. The large orders make it easier to estimate longer term demand, but daily demand still depends on the actual orders received from all customers and can fluctuate significantly. Kraemer et al. (1999), op. cit.;
36. Kenneth L. Kraemer and Jason Dedrick, "Dell Computer: Using e-Commerce to Support the Virtual Company," CRITO, University of California, Irvine, CA, 〈www.crito.uci.edu/GIT/publications/pdf/ dell_ecom_case_6-13-01.pdf〉, 2001;
37. Jason Dedrick, Kenneth L. Kraemer, and Bryan MacQuarrie, "Gateway Computer: Using e-Commerce to Move Beyond the Box and to Move More Boxes," CRITO, University of California, Irvine, CA, 〈www.crito.uci.edu/git/ publications/pdf/Gateway.pdf〉, 2001; interviews.
38. Dell interview.
39. IIPC is a joint venture with Great Wall. IBM controls an 80% stake. This refers to the period before Lenovo's acquisition of IBM's PC business.
40. Kraemer et al. (1999), op. cit.
41. Kraemer and Dedrick (2001), op. cit.
42. Dedrick et al. (2001), op. cit.
43. IDC, "U.S. PC Channel Market Forecast and Analysis, 2001-2005," International Data Corporation, Framingham, MA, 2001. IDC defines pure Internet sales as those for which the order was placed and payment made online. Other sales may involve use of the web for information gathering, configuration, and order placement, but not include payment online.
44. Confidential document.
45. Melissa A. Schilling and H. Kevin Steensma, "The Use of Modular Organizational Forms: An Industry-Level Analysis, "Academy of Management Journal, 44/6 (2001): 1149-1168;
46. Sturgeon, op. cit.
47. Gurbaxani and Whang, op. cit.
48. Bakos and Treacy, op. cit.
49. Malone et al., op. cit.
50. Malone et al., op. cit.;
51. Wigand et al., op. cit.