Inert gases as the future inhalational anaesthetics?

Best Practice and Research: Clinical Anaesthesiology

Volumn 19, Issue 3 SPEC. ISS., 2005, Pages 365-379

  Preckel, Benedikt ^a   Schlack, Wolfgang ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL DÜSSELDORF   (Germany)

Author keywords

Anaesthesia; Cardioprotection; Inhalational anaesthetics; Neuroprotection; Nitrous oxide; Preconditioning; Volatile anaesthetics; Xenon

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BUPRENORPHINE; FENTANYL; FLUNITRAZEPAM; HALOTHANE; INERT GAS; INHALATION ANESTHETIC AGENT; ISOFLURANE; KETAMINE; MIDAZOLAM; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1; MUSCLE RELAXANT AGENT; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR; NITROUS OXIDE; PENTOBARBITAL; PIRITRAMIDE; PROPOFOL; REMIFENTANIL; ROCURONIUM; SEROTONIN 3 RECEPTOR; SEVOFLURANE; VECURONIUM; XENON;

ANALGESIC ACTIVITY; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CLINICAL STUDY; DRUG ANTAGONISM; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DRUG SAFETY; EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN; FETOTOXICITY; HEART INJURY; HEART PROTECTION; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HYDROCEPHALUS; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA; MINIMUM LUNG ALVEOLUS CONCENTRATION; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PARTITION COEFFICIENT; POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SKELETON MALFORMATION;

EID: 19944392603     PISSN: 15216896     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2005.01.002     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. A.R. Benke R.M. Thomson & E.P. Motley The physiologic effects from breathing air at 4 atmospheres pressure Am J Physiol 112 1935 554-558
2. A.R. Benke & O.D. Yarbough Respiratory resistance, oil-water solubility, and mental effects of argon, compared with helium and nitrogen Am J Physiol 126 1939 409-415
3. J.H. Lawrence W.F. Loomis C.A. Tobias & F.H. Turpin Preliminary observations on the narcotic effect of xenon with a review of values for solubilities of gases in water and oils J Physiol Lond 105 1946 197-204
4. D.D. Koblin Z.X. Fang E.I. Eger et al. Minimum alveolar concentrations of noble gases, nitrogen, and sulfur hexafluoride in rats: Helium and neon as nonimmobilizers (nonanaesthetics) Anesth Analg 87 1998 419-424
5. S.C. Cullen & E.G. Gross The anesthetic properties of xenon in animals and human beings, with additional observations on krypton Science 113 1951 580-583
6. C.B. Pittinger J. Moyers S.C. Cullen R.M. Featherstone & E.G. Gross Clinicopathologic studies associated with xenon anesthesia Anesthesiology 14 1953 10-17
7. A. Braken T.H.S. Burns & D.S. Newland A trial of xenon as a non-explosive anaesthetic Anaesthesia 11 1956 40-49
8. L.E. Morris J.R. Knott & C.B. Pittinger Electro-encephalographic and blood gas observations in human surgical patients during xenon anesthesia Anesthesiology 16 1955 312-319
9. E.F. Domino S.F. Gottlieb R.W. Brauer S.C. Cullen & R.M. Featherstone Effects of xenon at elevated pressures in the dog Anesthesiology 31 1964 305-309
10. S.C. Cullen EI2 Eger B.F. Cullen & P. Gregory Observations on the anesthetic effect of the combination of xenon and halothane Anesthesiology 31 1969 305-309
11. G.A. Lane M.L. Nahrwold A.R. Tait M. Taylor-Busch & P.J. Cohen Anesthetics as teratogens: Nitrous oxide is fetotoxic, xenon is not Science 210 1980 899-901
12. T. Goto Y. Nakata & S. Morita Will xenon be a stranger or a friend? The cost, benefit, and future of xenon anesthesia Anesthesiology 98 2003 1-2
13. A. Steward P.R. Allott A.L. Cowles & W.W. Mapleson Solubility coefficients for inhaled anaesthetics for water, oil and biological media Br J Anaesth 45 1973 282-293
14. T. Goto K. Suwa S. Uezono et al. The blood-gas partition coefficient of xenon may be lower than generally accepted Br J Anaesth 80 1998 255-256
15. Y. Nakata T. Goto & T. Morita Comparison of inhalation inductions with xenon and sevoflurane Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 41 1997 1157-1161
16. T. Goto H. Saito M. Shinkai Y. Nakata F. Ichinose & S. Morita Xenon provides faster emergence from anesthesia than does nitrous oxide -sevoflurane or nitrous oxide-isoflurane Anesthesiology 86 1997 1273-1278
17. T. Goto H. Saito Y. Nakata et al. Emergence times from xenon anaesthesia are independent of the duration of anaesthesia Br J Anaesth 79 1997 595-599
18. M. Coburn O. Kunitz J-H. Baumert et al. Randomized controlled trial of the haemodynamic and recovery effects of xenon or propofol anaesthesia Br J Anaesth 94 2005 198-202
19. El2 Eger B. Brandstater L.J. Saidman et al. Equipotent alveolar concentrations of methoxyflurane, halothane, diethyl ether, fluroxene, cyclopropane, xenon and nitrous oxide in the dog Anesthesiology 26 1965 771-777
20. Y. Nakata T. Goto Y. Ishiguro et al. Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of xenon with sevoflurane in humans Anesthesiology 94 2001 611-614
21. T. Goto Y. Nakata & S. Morita The minimum alveolar concentration of xenon in the elderly is sex-dependent Anesthesiology 97 2002 1129-1132
22. T. Fukuda H. Nakayama K. Yanagi et al. The effects of 30% and 60% xenon inhalation on pial vessel diameter and intracranial pressure in rabbits Anesth Analg 92 2001 1245-1250
23. K.E. Hecker N. Horn H.J. Baumert et al. Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of xenon in intubated swine Br J Anaesth 92 2004 421-424
24. T. Katoh Y. Suguro T. Kimura & K. Ikeda Cerebral awakening concentration of sevoflurane and isoflurane predicted during slow and fast alveolar washout Anesth Analg 77 1993 1012-1017
25. T. Goto Y. Nakata Y. Ishiguro et al. Minimum alveolar concentration-awake of xenon alone and in combination with isoflurane or sevoflurane Anesthesiology 93 2000 1188-1193
26. J. Dingley R. King L. Hughes et al. Exploration of xenon as a potential cardiostable sedative: A comparison with propofol after cardiac surgery Anaesthesia 56 2001 829-835
27. G. Natale E. Ferrari A. Pellegrini et al. Main organ morphology and blood analysis after subchronic exposure to xenon in rats ACP 7 1998 227-233
28. F. Schucht Production of anaesthetic gases and environment Appl Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiol 9 2000 154-155
29. N.P. Franks R. Dickinson S.L. De Sousa et al. How does xenon produce anaesthesia? Nature 396 1998 324
30. S.L.M. De Sousa R. Dickinson W.R. Lieb & N.P. Franks Contrasting synaptic actions of the inhalational general anesthetics isoflurane and xenon Anesthesiology 92 2000 1055-1066
31. T. Yamakura & R.A. Harris Effects of gaseous anesthetics nitrous oxide and xenon on ligand-gated ion channels: Comparison with isoflurane and ethanol Anesthesiology 93 2000 1095-1101
32. A.J.R. Plested S.S. Wildman W.R. Lieb & N.P. Franks Determinants of the sensitivity of AMPA receptors to xenon Anesthesiology 100 2004 347-358
33. T. Shichino M. Murakawa T. Adachi et al. Effects of xenon on acetylcholine release in the rat cerebral cortex in vivo Br J Anaesth 88 2002 866-868
34. 7)5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expressed in xenopus oocyte Anesth Analg 96 2003 443-448
35. T. Suzuki H. Koyama M. Sugimoto et al. The diverse actions of volatile and gaseous anesthetics on human-cloned 5-hydoxytryptamine 3 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes Anesthesiology 96 2002 699-704
36. M. Gruss T.J. Bushell D.P. Bright et al. Two-pore-domain K+ channels are a novel target for the anesthetic gases xenon, nitrous oxide, and cyclopropane Mol Pharmacol 65 2004 443-452
37. S.A. Lipton & P.A. Rosenberg Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurologic disorders N Engl J Med 330 1994 613-622
38. S. Wilhelm D. Ma M. Maze & N.P. Franks Effects of Xenon on in vitro and in vivo models of neuronal injury Anesthesiology 96 2002 1485-1491
39. D. Ma H. Yang J. Lynch et al. Xenon attenuates cardiopulmonary bypass-induced neurologic and neurocognitive dysfunction in the rat Anesthesiology 98 2003 690-698
40. H.M. Homi N. Yokoo D. Ma et al. The neuroprotective effect of xenon administration during transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice Anesthesiology 99 2003 876-881
41. H.N. David F. Leveille L. Chazalviel et al. Reduction of ischemic brain damage by nitrous oxide and xenon J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 23 2003 1168-1173
42. D. Ma M. Hossain N. Rajakumaraswamy et al. Combination of xenon and isoflurane produces a synergistic protective effect against oxygen-glucose deprivation injury in a neuronal-glial co-culture model Anesthesiology 99 2003 748-751
43. H.L. Allen & L.L. Iversen Phencyclidine, dizocilpine, and cerebrocortical neurons Science 247 1990 221
44. V. Jevtovic-Todorovic S.M. Todorovic S. Mennerick et al. Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) is a NMDA antagonist, neuroprotectant and neurotoxin Nature Med 4 1998 460-463
45. D. Ma S. Wilhelm M. Maze & N.P. Franks Neuroprotective and neurotoxic properties of the inert gas xenon Br J Anaesth 89 2002 739-746
46. A. Nagata S. Nakao N. Nishizawa et al. Xenon inhibits but N2O enhances ketamine-induced c-Fos expression in the rat posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices Anesth Analg 92 2001 362-368
47. C. Petzelt P. Blom W. Schmehl et al. Prevention of neurotoxicity in hypoxic cortical neurons by the noble gas xenon Life Sci 72 2003 1909-1918
48. J.J. Franks J-L. Horn P.K. Janicki & G. Singh Halothane, isoflurane, xenon, and nitrous oxide inhibit calcium ATPase pump activity in rat brain synaptic plasma membranes Anesthesiology 82 1995 108-117
49. T. Frietsch R. Bogdanski M. Blobner et al. Effects of xenon on cerebral blood flow and cerebral glucose utilization in rats Anesthesiology 94 2001 290-297
50. J. Plougmann J. Astrup J. Pedersen & C. Gyldensted Effect of stable xenon inhalation on intracranial pressure during measurement of cerebral blood flow in head injury J Neurosurg 81 1994 822-828
51. H. Yoshida T. Kushikata T. Kubota et al. Xenon inhalation increases norepinephrine release from the anterior and posterior hypothalamus in rats Can J Anesth 48 2001 651-655
52. J. Utsumi T. Adachi J. Kurata et al. Effect of xenon on central nervous system electrical activity during sevoflurane anaesthesia in cats: comparison with nitrous oxide Br J Anaesth 80 1998 628-633
53. T. Goto Y. Nakata H. Saito et al. Bispectral analysis of the electroencephalogram does not predict responsiveness to verbal command in patients emerging from xenon anaesthesia Br J Anaesth 85 2000 359-363
54. T. Goto Y. Nakata H. Saito et al. The midlatency auditory evoked potentials predict responsiveness to verbal commands in patients emerging from anesthesia with xenon, isoflurane, and sevoflurane but not with nitrous oxide Anesthesiology 94 2001 782-789
55. A. Ohara T. Mashimo P. Zhang et al. A comparative study of the antinociceptive action of xenon and nitrous oxide in rats Anesth Analg 85 1997 931-936
56. S. Petersen-Felix M. Luginbühl T.W. Schnider et al. Comparison of the analgesic potency of xenon and nitrous oxide in humans evaluated by experimental pain Br J Anaesth 81 1998 742-747
57. T. Fukuda C. Nishimoto S. Hisano et al. The analgesic effect of xenon on the formalin test in rats: A comparison with nitrous oxide Anesth Analg 95 2002 1300-1304
58. B. Lachmann S. Armbruster W. Schairer et al. Safety and efficacy of xenon in routine use as an inhalational anaesthetic Lancet 335 1990 1413-1415
59. Y. Nakata T. Goto H. Saito et al. Plasma concentration of fentanyl with xenon to block somatic and hemodynamic responses to surgical incision Anesthesiology 92 2000 1043-1048
60. M. Yagi T. Mashimo T. Kawaguchi & I. Yoshiya Analgesic and hypnotic effects of subanaesthetic concentrations of xenon in human volunteers: comparison with nitrous oxide Br J Anaesth 74 1995 670-673
61. J.J. Kendig In vitro networks: Subcortical mechanisms of anaesthetic action Br J Anaesth 89 2002 91-101
62. Y. Miyazaki T. Adachi J. Utsumi et al. Xenon has greater inhibitory effects on spinal dorsal horn neurons than nitrous oxide in spinal cord transected cats Anesth Analg 88 1999 893-897
63. J. Utsumi T. Adachi Y. Miyazaki et al. The effect of xenon on spinal dorsal horn neurons: A comparison with nitrous oxide Anesth Analg 84 1997 1372-1376
64. I. Watanabe M. Takenoshita T. Sawada et al. Xenon suppresses nociceptive reflex in newborn rat spinal cord in vitro; comparison with nitrous oxide Eur J Pharmacol 496 2004 71-76
65. D. Ma R.D. Sanders S. Halder et al. Xenon exerts age-independent antinociception in Fischer rats Anesthesiology 100 2004 1313-1318
66. H.H. Luttropp B. Romner L. Perhag et al. Left ventricular performance and cerebral haemodynamics during xenon anaesthesia. A transoesophageal echocardiography and transcranial Doppler sonography study Anaesthesia 48 1993 1045-1049
67. Y. Nakata T. Goto & S. Morita Effects of xenon on hemodynamic responses to skin incision in humans Anesthesiology 90 1999 406-410
68. R. Rossaint M. Reyle-Hahn & J. Schulte am Esch Multicenter randomized comparison of the efficacy and safety of xenon and isoflurane in patients undergoing elective surgery Anesthesiology 98 2003 6-13
69. T. Goto P. Hanne Y. Ishiguro et al. Cardiovascular effects of xenon and nitrous oxide in patients during fentanyl-midazolam anaesthesia Anaesthesia 59 2004 1178-1183
70. H. Nakayama H. Takahashi N. Okubo et al. Xenon and nitrous oxide do not depress cardiac function in an isolated rat heart model Can J Anesth 49 2002 375-379
71. D.F. Stowe G.C. Rehmert W.M. Kwok et al. Xenon does not alter cardiac function or major cation currents in isolated guinea pig hearts or myocytes Anesthesiology 92 2000 516-522
72. R. Hüneke E. Jüngling M. Skasa et al. Effects of the anesthetic gases xenon, halothane, and isoflurane on calcium and potassium currents in human atrial cardiomyocytes Anesthesiology 95 2001 999-1006
73. S. Schroth U. Schotten O. Alkanoglu et al. Xenon does not impair the responsiveness of cardiac muscle bundles to positive inotropic and chronotropic stimulation Anesthesiology 96 2002 422-427
74. T. Marx D. Wagner S. Bäder et al. Hemodynamics and catecholamines in anesthesia with different concentrations of xenon ACP 7 1998 215-221
75. O. Picker A.W. Schindler L.A. Schwarte et al. Xenon increases total body oxygen consumption during isoflurane anaesthesia in dogs Br J Anaesth 88 2002 546-554
76. B. Preckel D. Ebel J. Müllenheim et al. The direct myocardial effects of xenon in the dog heart in vivo Anesth Analg 94 2002 545-551
77. D.A. Hettrick P.S. Pagel J.R. Kersten et al. Cardiovascular effects of xenon in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy Anesthesiology 89 1998 1166-1173
78. B. Preckel W. Schlack T. Heibel & H. Rütten Xenon produces minimal haemodynamic effects in rabbits with chronically compromised left ventricular function Br J Anaesth 88 2002 264-269
79. B. Preckel J. Müllenheim A. Moloschavij et al. Xenon administration during early reperfusion reduces infarct size after regional ischemia in the rabbit heart in vivo Anesth Analg 91 2000 1327-1332
80. N.C. Weber O. Toma & J.I. Wolter The noble gas xenon induces pharmacological preconditioning in the rat heart in vivo via induction of PKC-e and p38 MAPK Br J Pharmacol 144 2005 123-132
81. N.C. Weber O. Toma J.I. Wolter et al. Xenon preconditioning induces phosphorylation of small heat shock protein 27 downstream of protein kinase C and p 38 mitogen activated protein kinase in the rat heart Anesthesiology 2004 A-642. ASA Meeting Abstract.
82. M.A. Grosse Hartlage E. Berendes H. Van Aken et al. Xenon improves recovery from myocardial stunning in chronically instrumented dogs Anesth Analg 99 2004 655-664
83. J. Hofland I. Gültuna & R. Tenbrinck Xenon anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with Eisenmenger's syndrome Br J Anaesth 86 2001 882-886
84. U. Schirmer H. Reinelt M. Erber et al. Xenon washout during in-vitro extracorporeal circulation using different oxygenators J Clin Monit Comput 17 2002 211-215
85. N. Sta Maria & D.M. Eckmann Model predictions of gas embolism growth and reabsorption during xenon anesthesia Anesthesiology 99 2003 638-645
86. G. Lockwood Expansion of air bubbles in aqueous solutions of nitrous oxide or xenon Br J Anaesth 89 2002 282-286
87. P. Turski & S.S. Winkler Use of stabel xenon (Xe) and CT to determine rCBF Stroke 15 1984 916-917
88. H. Rueckoldt B. Vangerow G. Marx et al. Xenon inhalation increases airway pressure in ventilated patients Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 43 1999 1060-1064
89. P. Zhang A. Ohara T. Mashimo et al. Pulmonary resistance in dogs: A comparison of xenon with nitrous oxide Can J Anaesth 42 1995 547-553
90. E. Calzia W. Stahl T. Handschuh et al. Respiratory mechanics during xenon anesthesia in pigs-comparison with nitrous oxide Anesthesiology 91 1999 1378-1386
91. H.J. Baumert M. Reyle-Hahn K. Hecker et al. Increased airway resistance during xenon anaesthesia in pigs is attributed to physical properties of the gas Br J Anaesth 88 2002 540-545
92. T. Hoshi Y. Fujii S. Takahashi & H. Toyooka Effect of xenon on diaphragmatic contractility in dogs Can J Anaesth 47 2000 819-822
93. 2 measurements in swine during nitrous oxide and xenon elimination Anesthesiology 90 1999 829-834
94. M. Schmidt T. Marx J. Kotzerke et al. Cerebral and regional organ perfusion in pigs during xenon anaesthesia Anaesthesia 56 2001 1154-1159
95. H. Fink M. Blobner R. Bogdanski et al. Effects of xenon on cerebral blood flow and autoregulation: An experimental study in pigs Br J Anaesth 84 2000 221-225
96. N.A. Horn K. Hecker B. Bongers et al. Coagulation assessment in healthy pigs undergoing single xenon anaesthesia and combinations with isoflurane and sevoflurane Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 45 2001 634-638
97. L.W. De Rossi N.A. Horn H.J. Baumert K. Gutensohn et al. Xenon does not affect human platelet function in vitro Anesth Analg 93 2001 635-640
98. L.W. De Rossi K. Gott N.A. Horn et al. Xenon preserves neutrophil and monocyte function in human whole blood Can J Anesth 49 2002 942-945
99. L.W. De Rossi N.A. Horn A. Stevanovic et al. Xenon modulates neutrophil adhesion molecule expression in vitro Eur J Anaesthesiol 21 2004 139-143
100. A. Bedi W.T. McBride M.A. Armstrong et al. Xenon has no effect on cytokine balance and adhesion molecule expression within an isolated cardiopulmonary bypass system Br J Anaesth 89 2002 546-550
101. H. Reinelt T. Marx J. Kotzerke et al. Hepatic function during xenon anesthesia in pigs Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 46 2002 713-716
102. D.A. Vagts K. Hecker T. Iber et al. Effects of xenon anaesthesia on intestinal oxygenation in acutely instrumented pigs Br J Anaesth 93 2004 833-841
103. H. Reinelt U. Schirmer T. Marx et al. Diffusion of xenon and nitrous oxide into the bowel Anesthesiology 94 2001 475-477
104. H. Reinelt T. Marx U. Schirmer et al. Diffusion of xenon and nitrous oxide into the bowel during mechanical ileus Anesthesiology 96 2002 512-513
105. R. Zucchi S. Ronca-Testoni F. Giunta & G. Ronca Effect of volatile anesthetics on ryanodine binding in skeletal muscle ACP 7 1998 223-226
106. G. Froeba T. Marx J. Pazhur et al. Xenon does not trigger malignant hyperthermia in susceptible swine Anesthesiology 91 1999 1047-1052
107. C.P. Baur W. Klingler K. Jurkat-Rott et al. Xenon does not induce contracture in human malignant hyperthermia muscle Br J Anaesth 85 2000 712-716
108. Y. Nakata T. Goto & S. Morita Vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block during xenon or sevoflurane anaesthesia in humans Br J Anaesth 80 1998 238-240
109. O. Kunitz H.J. Baumert K. Hecker et al. Xenon does not prolong neuromuscular block of rocuronium Anesth Analg 99 2004 1398-1401
110. J. Dingley G.P. Findlay P. Foëx et al. A closed xenon anesthesia delivery system Anesthesiology 94 2001 173-176
111. R.D. Sanders N.P. Franks & M. Maze Xenon: No stranger to anaesthesia Br J Anaesth 91 2003 709-717