Hardness corrections for copper are inappropriate for protecting sensitive freshwater biota

Chemosphere

Volumn 60, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 1-8

  Markich, S J ^a,d   Batley, G E ^b   Stauber, J L ^b   Rogers, N J ^b   Apte, S C ^b   Hyne, R V ^c   Bowles, K C ^b   Wilde, K L ^a   Creighton, N M ^a  

^a AUSTRALIAN NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION   (Australia)

^b CSIRO   (Australia)

^c OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENT AND HERITAGE   (Australia)

^d Aquatic Solutions International   (Australia)

Author keywords

Algae; Bacteria; Copper; Hardness; Toxicity; Water flea

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; ALKALINITY; BACTERIA; BIODIVERSITY; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); COPPER; HARDNESS; PH EFFECTS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; TOXICITY;

CARBON CONCENTRATION; FREASHWATER; FRESHWATER BIOTA; HARDNESS CORRECTION;

ALGAE;

COPPER; DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER; FRESH WATER;

FRESHWATER; WATER QUALITY;

ALGA; ALGORITHM; ALKALINITY; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM; CHLORELLA; CLADOCERAN; CONCENTRATION PROCESS; ECOTOXICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; ERWINNIA; FLEA; FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT; PH MEASUREMENT; PHYTOTOXICITY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PROCESS DEVELOPMENT; RIGIDITY; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SPECIES; WATER QUALITY;

ALGAE; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CELLULAR ORGANISMS; CERIODAPHNIA; CHLORELLA SP.; CLADOCERA; SIPHONAPTERA (FLEAS);

EID: 19444373917     PISSN: 00456535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.005     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. ANZECC/ARMCANZ, 2000. Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council Agriculture, Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand, Canberra, Australia
2. Brown, P.L., Haworth, A., Sharland, S.M., Tweed, C.J., 1991. HARPHRQ: An Extended Version of the Geochemical Code PHREEQE. NSS/R 188. UK Atomic Energy Authority, Oxford
3. CCREM, 1991. Canadian Water Quality Guidelines. Canadian Council of Resource and Environment Ministers, Inland Waters Directorate, Environment Canada, Ottawa
4. Charles, A.L., 2000. Effects of Water Hardness on the Toxicity of Copper to a Tropical Freshwater Alga (Chlorella sp.). B.Sc. Honours Thesis, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
5. C.M. Davies, S.C. Apte, and A.L. Johnstone A bacterial bioassay for the assessment of copper bioavailability in freshwaters Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual. 13 1998 263 271
6. K.A.C. De Schamphelaere, and C.R. Janssen Development and field validation of a biotic ligand model predicting chronic copper toxicity to Daphnia magna Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 23 2004 1365 1375
7. K.A.C. De Schamphelaere, F.M. Vasconncelos, D.G. Heijerick, F.M.G. Tack, K. Delbeke, H.E. Allen, and C.R. Janssen Development and field validation of a predictive copper toxicity model for the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22 2003 2454 2465
8. Environment Canada, 1990. Guidance Document on the Control of Toxicity Test Precision using Reference Toxicants. Report EPS 1/RM/12, Ottawa, Canada
9. R.J. Erickson, D.A. Benoit, V.R. Mattson, H.P. Nelson, and E.N. Leonard The effects of water chemistry on the toxicity of copper to fathead minnows Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15 1996 181 193
10. N.M. Franklin, J.L. Stauber, S.J. Markich, and R.P. Lim pH-dependent toxicity of copper and uranium to a tropical freshwater alga (Chlorella sp.) Aquat. Toxicol. 48 2000 275 289
11. N.M. Franklin, J.L. Stauber, and R.P. Lim Development of flow cytometry-based algal bioassays for assessing toxicity of copper in natural waters Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20 2001 160 170
12. N.M. Franklin, J.L. Stauber, S.C. Apte, and R.P. Lim The effect of initial cell density on the bioavailability and toxicity of copper in microalgal bioassays Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21 2002 742 751
13. R.W. Gensemer, R.B. Naddy, W.A. Stubblefield, J.R. Hockett, R. Santore, and P. Paquin Evaluating the role of ion composition on the toxicity of copper to Ceriodaphnia dubia in very hard waters Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 133C 2002 87 97
14. M.A. Hamilton, R.C. Russo, and R.V. Thurston Trimmed Spearman-Karber method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays Environ. Sci. Technol. 11 1977 714 719 Correction. 1978. 12, 417
15. J.G. Jones Studies on freshwater bacteria: effect of medium composition and method on estimates of bacterial population J. Appl. Bacteriol. 33 1970 679 686
16. A. Kandegerada, and D.B. Robabachter Noncomplexing tertiary amines as 'better' buffers covering the range of pH 3-11. Temperature dependence of their acid dissociation constants Anal. Chem. 71 1999 3140 3144
17. Markich, S.J., Brown, P.L., 1999. Thermochemical Data (log K) for Environmentally-Relevant Elements. 1. H, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, U, Al, Pb, Cu and Cd with Model Fulvic Acid (Aspartate, Citrate, Malonate, Salicylate and Tricarballyate), ANSTO/E735. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia
18. Markich, S.J., King, A., Wilson, S., submitted for publication. Effect of water hardness on the toxicity of copper to a free-floating freshwater macrophyte (Ceratophyllum demersum). Chemosphere
19. R.B. Naddy, G.R. Stern, and R.W. Gensemer Effect of culture water hardness on the sensitivity of Ceriodaphnia dubia to copper toxicity Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22 2003 1269 1271
20. G.K. Pagenkopf Gill surface interaction model for trace metal toxicity to fishes: role of complexation, pH and water hardness Environ. Sci. Technol. 17 1983 342 347
21. P.R. Paquin, J.W. Gorsuch, S.C. Apte, K.C. Bowles, G.E. Batley, P.G.C. Campbell, C. Delos, D.M. Di Toro, R.L. Dwyer, F. Galvez, R.W. Gensemer, G.G. Goss, C. Hogstrand, C.R. Janssen, J.C. McGeer, R.B. Naddy, R.C. Playle, R.C. Santore, U. Schneider, W.A. Stubblefield, C.M. Wood, and K.B. Wu The biotic ligand model: a historical overview Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 133C 2002 3 36
22. Riethmuller, N., Markich, S.J., Parry, D., Van Dam, R.A., 2000. The effect of true water hardness and alkalinity on the toxicity of copper and uranium to two tropical Australian freshwater organisms. Supervising Scientist Report 155. Supervising Scientist, Darwin, Australia
23. D.J. Roux, S.H.J. Jooste, and H.M. McKay Substance-specific water quality criteria for the protection of South African freshwater ecosystems: methods for derivation and initial results for some inorganic test substances S. African J. Sci. 92 1996 198 206
24. R.R. Sokal, and F.J. Rohlf Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research third ed. 1995 Freeman and Co. New York, USA
25. A.S. Thompson, J.C. Rhodes, and I. Pettman Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa: Catalogue of Strains 1988 Natural Environmental Research Council Swindon, UK
26. USEPA, 1985. Ambient Water Criteria for Copper. EPA-440/5-84-31. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
27. USEPA, 1995. Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative Criteria Documents for the Protection of Aquatic Life in Ambient Water. EPA-820-B-95-004. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
28. USEPA, 2002. Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms (5th ed.). EPA-821-R-02-012. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
29. A. Viarengo, M. Pertica, G. Mancinelli, B. Burlando, L. Canesi, and M. Orunesu In vivo effects of copper on the calcium homeostasis mechanisms of mussel gill cell plasma membranes Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 113C 1996 421 425
30. P.G. Welsh, J. Lipton, G.A. Chapman, and T.L. Podrabsky Relative importance of calcium and magnesium in hardness-based modification of copper toxicity Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19 2000 1624 1631
31. Wilde, K.L., Stauber, J.L., Markich, S.J., Franklin, N.M., Brown, P.L., submitted for publication. The effect of pH on the uptake and toxicity of copper and zinc in a tropical freshwater alga (Chlorella sp.). Arch. Environ. Contan. Toxicol