Concentrations of persistent organochlorine contaminants in bowhead whale tissues and other biota from northern Alaska: Implications for human exposure from a subsistence diet

Environmental Research

Volumn 98, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 329-340

  Hoekstra, P F ^a,b   O'Hara, T M ^c,d   Backus, S M ^a   Hanns, C ^c   Muir, D C G ^a  

^a ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^b JEALOTT S HILL RESEARCH STATION   (United Kingdom)

^c DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

Author keywords

Arctic; Cetacean; Marine mammal; Subsistence; Tissue distribution; Traditional food

Indexed keywords

CHLORDANE; CHLORPHENOTANE; HEXACHLOROBENZENE; HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE; ORGANOCHLORINE DERIVATIVE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL;

BIOACCUMULATION; ORGANOCHLORINE; WHALE;

ARTICLE; DIET; DIETARY INTAKE; EXPOSURE; FISH; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD SAFETY; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEAL; UNITED STATES; WHALE;

ALASKA; ANIMALS; BIODIVERSITY; BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CHLORDAN; DDT; DIET; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HUMANS; HYDROCARBONS, CHLORINATED; LINDANE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; WHALES;

ALASKA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

BALAENA MYSTICETUS; BALAENIDAE; CELLULAR ORGANISMS; CETACEA; DELPHINAPTERUS LEUCAS; ERIGNATHUS BARBATUS; LEUCAS; MAMMALIA; PHOCA HISPIDA; PHOCIDAE;

EID: 19444372524     PISSN: 00139351     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2004.09.012     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. A. Aguilar, A. Borrell, and T. Pastor Biological factors affecting variability of persistent pollutants levels in cetaceans J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 1 1999 83 116
2. H. Bagheri, P.E.G. Leonards, R.T. Ghijsen, and U.A.T.H. Brinkman Gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the determination and identification of planar polychlorinated biphenyls in biological samples Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 50 1993 257 268
3. Becker, P.R., Wise, S.A., Koster, B.J., Zeisler, R., 1991. Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project: Revised Collection Protocol. US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Interagency Report 4529. US Dept. of Commerce, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
4. C. Blanchet, É. Dewailly, P. Ayotte, S. Bruneau, O. Receveur, and B.J. Holub Contribution of selected traditional and market foods to the diet of Nunavik Inuit women Can. J. Diet. Pract. Res. 61 2000 50 59
5. R. Bruhn, N. Kannan, G. Petrick, D.E. Schulz-Bull, and J.C. Duinker CB pattern in the harbour porpoise bioaccumulation, metabolism and evidence of cytochrome P450 IIB activity Chemosphere 31 1995 3721 3732
6. C.A. de Wit, A.T. Fisk, K.E. Hobbs, D.C.G. Muir, R. Kallenborn, M.M. Krahn, R.J. Norstrom, and J. Skaare Persistent organochlorine pollutants C.A. de Wit A.T. Fisk K.E. Hobbs D.C.G. Muir Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) II 2004 Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program Oslo
7. P.H. Dyke, and J. Stratford Changes to the TEF schemes can have significant impacts on regulation and management of PCDD/F and PCB Chemosphere 47 2002 103 116
8. Egeland, G.M., Feyk, L.A., Middaugh, J.P., 1998. The use of traditional foods in a healthy diet in Alaska: risks in perspective. State of Alaska Epidemiology Bulletin, vol. 2(1) January.
9. Fuller, A.S., George, J.C., 1997. Evaluation of Subsistence Harvest Data from the North Slope Borough 1993 Census for Eight North Slope Villages for the Calendar Year 1992. Department of Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK, USA.
10. J.M. Gauthier, É. Pelletier, C. Brochu, S. Moore, C.D. Metcalfe, and P. Béland Environmental contaminants in tissues of a neonate St. Lawrence beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) Mar. Pollut. Bull. 36 1998 102 108
11. Health Canada, 1996. Values Presently Used by Contaminants Toxicology Section. Food Directorate, Ottawa, Ont., Canada.
12. C.E. Hebert, and K.A. Keenleyside To normalize or not to normalize? Fat is the question Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 14 1995 801 807
13. K.K. Himberg Coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls in some Finnish food commodities Chemosphere 27 1993 1235 1243
14. M.C. Hing A database for environmental contaminants in traditional foods in northern and arctic Canada developments and applications Food Addit. Contam. 15 1998 127 134
15. P.F. Hoekstra, L.A. Dehn, J.C. George, K.R. Solomon, D.C.G. Muir, and T.M. O'Hara Trophic ecology of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) compared with that of other arctic marine biota as interpreted from carbon-, nitrogen-, and sulfur-isotope signatures Can. J. Zoo. 80 2002 223 231
16. P.F. Hoekstra, T.M. O'Hara, S.J. Pallant, and D.C.G. Muir Bioaccumulation of organochlorine contaminants in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) from Barrow, Alaska Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 42 2002 497 507
17. P.F. Hoekstra, T.M. O'Hara, C. Teixeira, S. Backus, A.T. Fisk, and D.C.G. Muir Spatial trends and bioaccumulation of organochlorine pollutants in marine zooplankton from the Alaskan and western Canadian Arctic Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21 2002 575 583
18. P.F. Hoekstra, R.J. Letcher, T.M. O'Hara, S.M. Backus, K.R. Solomon, and D.C.G. Muir Hydroxylated and methylsulfone-containing metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls in the plasma and blubber of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22 2003 2650 2658
19. P.F. Hoekstra, T.M. O'Hara, A.T. Fisk, K. Borgå, K.R. Solomon, and D.C.G. Muir Trophic transfer of persistent organochlorine contaminants (OCs) within an arctic marine food web from the southern Beaufort-Chukchi Seas Environ. Pollut. 124 2003 509 522
20. J.K. Huwe Dioxins in food a modern agricultural perspective J. Agric. Food Chem. 50 2002 1739 1750
21. W.M. Jarman, R.J. Norstrom, D.C.G. Muir, B. Rosenberg, M. Simon, and R.W. Baird Levels of organochlorine compounds, including PCDDs and PCDFs, in the blubber of cetaceans from the west coast of North America Mar. Pollut. Bull. 32 1996 426 436
22. S. Jensen The PCB story Ambio 1 1972 123 131
23. M.A. Kamrin, and L.J. Fischer Current status of sport fish consumption advisories for PCBs in the Great Lakes Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 29 1999 175 181
24. Kassam, K.-A.S., 2001. Passing on the knowledge: mapping human ecology in Wainwright, Alaska. Arctic Institute of North America, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
25. D.E. Kenny, T.M. O'Hara, T.C. Chen, Z. Lu, X. Tian, and M.F. Holick Vitamin D content in Alaskan Arctic zooplankton, fishes, and marine mammals Zoo. Biol. 23 2004 33 43
26. A.M. Khasawinah, and J.F. Grutsch Chlordane 24-month tumorigenicity and chronic toxicity test in mice Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 10 1989 244 254
27. M.M. Krahn, D.G. Burrows, J.E. Stein, P.R. Becker, M.M. Schantz, D.C.G. Muir, T.M. O'Hara, and T. Rowles White whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from three Alaskan stocks concentrations and patterns of persistent organochlorine contaminants in blubber J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 1 2000 239 249
28. Krahn, M.M., Herman, D.P., Ylitalo, G.M., Sloan, C.A., Burrows, D.G., Hobbs, R.C., Mahoney, B.A., Yanagida, G.K., Calambokidis, J., 2003. Blubber stratification in white whales and killer whales: variability in contaminant concentrations, fatty acid profiles, lipid percent and lipid class profiles that has implications for biopsy sampling. Paper SC/55/E3 presented to the International Whaling Commission (IWC) Scientific Committee, June 2003, 22pp.
29. J.R. Kucklick, W.D.J. Struntz, P.R. Becker, G.W. York, T.M. O'Hara, and J.E. Bohonowych Persistent organochlorine pollutants in ringed seals and polar bears collected from northern Alaska Sci. Total Environ. 287 2002 45 59
30. H.V. Kuhnlein, and H.M. Chan Environment and contaminants in traditional food systems of northern indigenous peoples Annu. Rev. Nutr. 20 2000 595 626
31. K. Lundgren, B. van Bavel, and M. Tysklind Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography carbon column based method for the fractionation of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls J. Chromatogr. A 962 2002 79 93
32. L. Marsili, and S. Focardi Chlorinated hydrocarbon (HCB, DDTs and PCBs) levels in cetaceans stranded along the Italian coasts an overview Environ. Monit. Assess. 45 1997 129 180
33. D.C.G. Muir, C.A. Ford, B. Rosenberg, R.J. Norstrom, M. Simon, and P. Béland Persistent organochlorines in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the St. Lawrence River estuary. I. Concentrations and patterns of specific PCBs, chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans Environ. Pollut. 93 1996 219 234
34. D.C.G. Muir, B. Braune, B. DeMarch, R. Norstrom, R. Wagemann, L. Lockhart, B. Hargrave, D. Bright, R. Addison, J. Payne, and K. Reimer Spatial and temporal trends and effects of contaminants in the Canadian Arctic marine ecosystem a review Sci. Total Environ. 230 1999 83 144
35. E.D. Nobmann, and A.P. Lanier Dietary intake among Alaska Native women resident of Anchorage, Alaska Int. J. Circumpolar Health 60 2001 123 137
36. Nobmann, E.D., Byers, T., Lanier, A.P., Hankin, J.H., Jackson, M.Y., 1992. The diet of Alaska Native adults: 1987-1988. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1024-1032.
37. T.M. O'Hara, M.M. Krahn, D. Boyd, P.R. Becker, and L.M. Philo Organochlorine contaminant levels in Eskimo harvested bowhead whales of arctic Alaska J. Wildl. Dis. 35 1999 741 752
38. T.J. O'Shea Environmental contaminants and marine mammals J.E. Reynolds S.A. Rommel Biology of Marine Mammals 1999 Smithsonian Inst. Press Washington, DC 485 536
39. A.E. Raftery, and J.E. Zeh Estimating bowhead whale population size and rate of increase from the 1993 census J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 93 1998 1 13
40. C.H. Rubin, A. Lanier, M. Socha, J.W. Brock, S. Kieszak, and S. Zahm Exposure to persistent organochlorines among Alaska Native women Int. J. Circumpolar Health 60 2001 157 169
41. C.D. Sandau, P. Ayotte, E. Dewailly, J. Duffe, and R.J. Norstrom Analysis of hydroxylated metabolites of PCBs (OH-PCBs) and other chlorinated phenolic compounds in whole blood from Canadian Inuit Environ. Health Perspect. 108 2000 611 616
42. A. Schecter, P. Cramer, K. Boggess, J. Stanley, and R.J. Olson Levels of dioxins, dibenzofurans, PCBs and DDE congeners in pooled food samples collected in 1995 at supermarkets across the United States Chemosphere 34 1997 1437 1447
43. K.E.W. Shelden, and D.J. Rugh The bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus its historic and current status Mar. Fish. Rev. 57 1996 1 20
44. M.K.J. Siddiqui, U. Nigam, P.P. Kaul, and T.D. Seth Bioaccumulation of HCH isomers in different tissues of young and old rats a comparison Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 56 2003 896 902
45. S.W. Stoker, and I.I. Krupnik Subsistence whaling J.J. Burns J.J. Montague C.J. Cowles The Bowhead Whale 1993 Allen Press Lawrence, KS, USA 579 630
46. US EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency), 1994. Method 1613: Tetra- through Octa-chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope Dilution HRGC/HRMS, Revision B. US EPA, Washington, DC.
47. US EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency), 1999. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Chlordane. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, http://www.epa.gov/iris/search.htm (accessed January 2004).
48. M. Van den Berg, L.S. Birnbaum, A.T.C. Bosveld, B. Brunström, P. Cook, M. Feeley, J.P. Giesy, A. Hanberg, R. Hasegawa, S.W. Kennedy, T. Kubiak, J.C. Larsen, F.X.R. van Leeuwen, A.K.D. Liem, C. Nolt, R.E. Peterson, L. Poellinger, S.H. Safe, D. Schrenk, D. Tillit, M. Tysklind, M. Younes, F. Wærn, and T. Zacharewski Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife Environ. Health Perspect. 106 1998 775 792
49. Van Oostdam, J., Donaldson, S., Feeley, M., Tremblay, N., 2003. Human health. In: Canadian Arctic Contaminants Assessment Report II. Ministry of Public Works and Government Services Canada, Ottawa, pp. 127.
50. D. Waltner-Toews, and S.A. McEwen Chemical residues in foods of animal origin overview and risk assessment Prev. Vet. Med. 20 1994 161 178
51. WHO (World Health Organization), 1993. Pesticide Residues in Food - 1994. Report of the joint meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts of Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and WHO Toxicological and Environmental Core Assessment groups. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 127. WHO, Geneva.
52. K.L. Willett, E.M. Ulrich, and R.A. Hites Differential toxicity and environmental fates of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers Environ. Sci. Technol. 32 1998 2197 2206
53. V.M. Woshner, T.M. O'Hara, G.R. Bratton, R.S. Suydam, and V.R. Beasley Concentrations and interactions of selected essential and non-essential elements in bowhead and beluga whales of arctic Alaska J. Wildl. Dis. 37 2001 693 710
54. M.E. Zabik, M.J. Zabik, A.I.M. Booren, M. Nettles, J.-H. Song, R. Welch, and H. Humphrey Pesticides and total polychlorinated biphenyls in Chinook salmon and carp harvested from the Great Lakes effects of skin-on and skin-off processing and selected cooking methods J. Agric. Food Chem. 43 1995 993 1001