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Early thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: Reappraisal of the golden hour
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Boersma E, Maas ACP, Deckers JW, et al. Early thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: reappraisal of the golden hour. Lancet 1996;348:771-5.
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Boersma, E.1
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Mortality and prehospital thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis
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Morrison LJ, Verbeek PR, McDonald AC, et al. Mortality and prehospital thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2000;283:2686-92. Meta-analysis of randomised trials comparing pre-hospital thrombolysis with in-hospital thrombolysis. Pre-hospital thrombolysis reduced time to treatment by almost one hour, resulting in a 17% relative reduction in mortality, representing about 18 deaths per 1000 patients treated.
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Morrison, L.J.1
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The effects of tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase, or both on coronary-artery patency, ventricular function, and survival after acute myocardial infarction
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GUSTO Angiographic Investigators: The effects of tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase, or both on coronary-artery patency, ventricular function, and survival after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993;322:33-42. Landmark trial comparing streptokinase with the accelerated alteplase regimen, showing a reduction of mortality from 7.3% to 6.3% in favour of the new regimen. This 1% absolute reduction in mortality was attributed to an absolute increase in 90 minute TIMI grade 3 flow by 20%, which was found in the angiographic substudy. After this trial "accelerated rt-PA" became the gold standard of pharmacological reperfusion therapy.
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N Engl J Med
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4
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Reocclusion, the flip side of coronary thrombolysis
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Verheugt FWA, Meijer A, Lagrand WK, et al. Reocclusion, the flip side of coronary thrombolysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:766-73. Review an the adverse effects of reocclusion of the infarct artery, which occurs in about 30% of patients within a year after successful thrombolysis. Reocclusian increases the risk of mortality and recurrent ischaemic events, so called symptomatic reocclusion. Importantly, even in the absence of clinical reinfarction, reocclusion is associated with impaired left ventricular recovery.
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J Am Coll Cardiol
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Verheugt, F.W.A.1
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Oral anticoagulants in acute coronary syndromes
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Brouwer MA, Verheugt FWA. Oral anticoagulants in acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2002;105:1270-4.
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Brouwer, M.A.1
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0023805341
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Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2
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ISIS-2 Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet 1988;ii:349-60.
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An international randomised trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction
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GUSTO Investigators. An international randomised trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993;329:673-82.
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N Engl J Med
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8
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Risk for intracranial hemorrhage after tissue plasminogen activator treatment for acute myocardial infarction. Participants in the national registry of myocardial infarction 2
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Gurwitx JH, Gore JM, Goldberg RJ, et al. Risk for intracranial hemorrhage after tissue plasminogen activator treatment for acute myocardial infarction. Participants in the national registry of myocardial infarction 2. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:597-604.
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Gurwitx, J.H.1
Gore, J.M.2
Goldberg, R.J.3
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9
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0029938993
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Activated partial thromboplastin time and outcome after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: Results from the GUSTO trial
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Granger CB, Hirsch J, Califf RM, et al. Activated partial thromboplastin time and outcome after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: results from the GUSTO trial. Circulation 1996;93:870-88.
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Granger, C.B.1
Hirsch, J.2
Califf, R.M.3
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10
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Primary versus prehospital fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction: A randomised study
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Bonnefoy E, Lapostolle F, Leizorovicz A, on behalf of the Comparison of Angioplasty and Prehospital Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction (CAPTIM) stuay group, et al. Primary versus prehospital fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction: a randomised study. Lancet 2002;360:825-9.
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Bonnefoy, E.1
Lapostolle, F.2
Leizorovicz, A.3
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11
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0034120959
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Review of immediate angioplasty after fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: Insights from the RESCUE I, RESCUE II, and other contemporary clinical experiences
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Ellis SG, Da Silva ER, Spaulding CM, et al. Review of immediate angioplasty after fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: insights from the RESCUE I, RESCUE II, and other contemporary clinical experiences. Am Heart J 2000;139:1046-53. Meta-analysis on the few randomised evaluations addressing the impact of rescue angioplasty. In a setting of a primarily pharmacological approach for ST elevation myocardial infarction, this report shows that rescue angioplasty after failed thrombolysis deserves to be considered as adjunctive therapy. In clinical practice, this may not become routine due to logistics and infrastructure problems, but its use should at least be considered in individual cases.
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Am Heart J
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Ellis, S.G.1
Da Silva, E.R.2
Spaulding, C.M.3
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12
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0033152273
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Abciximab facilitates the rate and extent of thrombolysis. Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 14 trial
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Antman EM, Giugliano RP, Gibson CM, et al. Abciximab facilitates the rate and extent of thrombolysis. Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 14 trial. Circulation 1999;99:2720-32.
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Circulation
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Antman, E.M.1
Giugliano, R.P.2
Gibson, C.M.3
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13
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0035949117
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Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with enoxaparin, abciximab, or unfractionated heparin: The ASSENT-3 randomised trial in acute myocardial infarction
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ASSENT-3 Investigators. Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with enoxaparin, abciximab, or unfractionated heparin: the ASSENT-3 randomised trial in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 2001;358:605-613. Clinical trial randomising 6095 patients to (1) full dose tenecteplase, (2) half dose tenecteplase plus abciximab, or (3) full dose tenecteplase and enoxaparin. No reduction in mortality was shown, and intracranial haemorrhage rates were similar. Nevertheless, in-hospilal reinfarction rates were reduced on the new antithrombotic regimens, but this was at the cost of an increase in extracranial haemorrhage.
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(2001)
Lancet
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14
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Reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction with fibrinolytic therapy or combination reduced fibrinolytic therapy and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition: The GUSTO V randomised trial
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GUSTO V Investigators. Reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction with fibrinolytic therapy or combination reduced fibrinolytic therapy and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition: the GUSTO V randomised trial. Lancet 2001;357:1905-14. Randomised trial comparing full dase reteplase with half dose reteplase plus abciximab. Based on favourable angiographic results of combination therapy, better results on clinical end points were expected. Results from 16 588 patients showed reduced reinfarction rates, but also increased rates of major non-cerebral bleeds and no mortality benefit.
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Lancet
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15
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Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients
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Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002;324:71-86. Meta-analysis of randomised trials comparing antiplatelet agents with placebo for several indications, such as previous or acute myocardial infarction and previous and acute stroke. A relative reduction of serious vascular events of about 25% was reported.
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BMJ
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16
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0030893793
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Aspirin, heparin, and fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction
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Collins R, Peto R, Baigent C, et al. Aspirin, heparin, and fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1997;336:847-60. Important review concerning fibrinolytic treatment and the available antithrambotic adjuvant therapies at that time.
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Collins, R.1
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Task force on the management of acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation
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Van de Werf F, Ardissino D, Betriu A, et al. Task force on the management of acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2003;24:28-66.
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0021909115
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Beta blockade during and after myocardial infarction: An overview of the randomised trials
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Yusuf S, Peto R, Lewis J, et al. Beta blockade during and after myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomised trials. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1985;27:335-371. Large overview of all randomised, placebo controlled trials comparing p blockers with placebo. It showed that mortality can be reduced by 25% for many patients after myocardial infarction, with little risk of clinically important side effects. Treatment is to be started early and continued in the long term. Early intravenous β blockade reduced infarct size, but effect on mortality remained unclear.
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Prog Cardiovasc Dis
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Yusuf, S.1
Peto, R.2
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Nifedipine. Dose-related increase in mortality in patients with coronary heart disease
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Furberg CO, Psaty BM, Meyer JV. Nifedipine. Dose-related increase in mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. Circulation 1995;92:1326-31.
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Furberg, C.O.1
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0032499670
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Indications for ACE inhibitors early treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Systematic overview of individual data from 100 000 patients in randomized trials
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ACE Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group. Indications for ACE inhibitors early treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Systematic overview of individual data from 100 000 patients in randomized trials. Circulation 1998;97:2202-12. Pooled analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials larger than 1000 patients for ACE inhibitors. It showed lower 30 day mortality rates for ACE inhibitor treated patients, largely due to the effect of therapy in the first week of treatment. The effect was more pronounced in patients with anterior infarction, heart failure, or tachycardia.
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(1998)
Circulation
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