Variation in the reference Shields stress for bed load transport in gravel-bed streams and rivers

Water Resources Research

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 1-10

  Mueller, Erich R ^a   Pitlick, John ^a   Nelson, Jonathan M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b DENVER FEDERAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISCHARGE (FLUID MECHANICS); GRAIN SIZE AND SHAPE; GRAVEL; MORPHOLOGY; RIVERS; SEDIMENTS; SHEAR STRESS;

BED LOAD TRANSPORT; CHANNEL GEOMETRY; CHANNEL GRADIENTS; COBBLE-BEDED STREAMS;

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT;

BEDLOAD; GRAIN SIZE; GRAVEL BED STREAM; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SHEAR STRESS;

EID: 19044382253     PISSN: 00431397     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2004WR003692     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Andrews, E. D. (1984), Bed-material entrainment and hydraulic geometry of gravel-bed rivers in Colorado, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 95(3), 371-378.
2. Andrews, E. D. (1994), Marginal bed load transport in a gravel bed stream, Sagehen Creek, California, Water Res. Res., 30(7), 2241-2250.
3. Andrews, E. D. (2000), Bed material transport in the Virgin River, Utah, Water Resour. Res., 36, 585-596.
4. Andrews, E. D., and D. C. Erman (1986), Persistence in the size distribution of surficial bed material during an extreme snowmelt flood, Water Resour. Res., 22, 191-197.
5. Ashida, K., and M. Bayazit (1973), Initiation of motion and roughness of flows in steep channels, in Proceedings of the 15th Congress, Istanbul, Turkey, vol. 1, pp. 475-484, Int. Assoc. for Hydraul. Eng. and Res., Madrid.
6. Ashworth, P. J., and R. I. Ferguson (1989), Size-selective entrainment of bed load in gravel bed streams, Water Resour. Res., 25, 627-634.
7. Bathurst, J. C. (2002), At-a-site variation and minimum flow resistance for mountain rivers, J. Hydrol., 269, 11-26.
8. Bathurst, J. C., H. C. Graf, and H. H. Cao (1987), Bed load discharge equations for steep mountain rivers, in Sediment Transport in Gravel-Bed Rivers, edited by C. R. Thorne et al., pp. 453-492, John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J.
9. Buffington, J. M., and D. R. Montgomery (1997), A systematic analysis of eight decades of incipient motion studies, with special reference to gravel-bedded rivers, Water Resour. Res., 33, 1993-2029.
10. Bunte, K. (1998), Development and field testing of a stationary net-frame bedload sampler for measuring entrainment of pebble and cobble particles, report, 74 pp., Stream Syst. Technol. Cent., Rocky Mt. Res. Stn., U.S. Dep. of Agric. For. Serv., Fort Collins, Colo.
11. Bunte, K., S. R. Abt, J. P. Potyondy, and S. E. Ryan (2004), Measurement of coarse gravel and cobble transport using portable bedload traps, J. Hydraul. Eng., 130, 879-893.
12. Charlton, F. G., P. M. Brown, and R. W. Benson (1978), The hydraulic geometry of some gravel rivers in Britain, Rep. IT-180, Hydraul. Res. Stn., Wallingford, UK.
13. Church, M., and M. A. Hassan (2002), Mobility of bed material in Harris Creek, Water Resour. Res., 38, 1237, doi:10.1029/2001WR000753.
14. Church, M., M. A. Hassan, and J. F. Wolcott (1998), Stabilizing self-organized structures in gravel-bed streams, Water Resour. Res., 34, 3169-3179.
15. Diplas, P. (1987), Bedload transport in gravel-bed streams, J. Hydraul. Eng., 113, 277-292.
16. Emmett, W. W. (1980), A field calibration of the sediment-trapping characteristics of the Helley-Smith bedload sampler, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 1139, 44 pp.
17. Emmett, W. W. (1981), Measurement of bed load in rivers, in Erosion and Sediment Transport Measurement, IAHS Publ., 133, 3-15.
18. Emmett, W. W., and M. G. Wolman (2001), Effective discharge and gravel-bed rivers, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 26, 1369-1380.
19. Graf, W. H. (1991), Flow resistance over a gravel bed: Its consequence on initial sediment movement, in Fluvial Hydraulics of Mountain Regions, Lect. Notes Earth Sci. Ser., vol. 37, edited by A. Armanini and G. DiSilvio, pp. 17-32, Springer, New York.
20. Habersack, H. M., and J. B. Larome (2001), Bedload texture in an Alpine gravel bed river, Water Resour. Res., 37, 3359-3370.
21. Hassan, M. A., and M. Church (2000), Experiments on surface structure and partial sediment transport on a gravel bed, Water Resour. Res., 36, 1885-1895.
22. Hassan, M. A., and M. Church (2001), Rating bed load transport in Harris Creek: Seasonal and spatial variation over a cobble-gravel bed, Water Resour. Res., 37, 813-825.
23. Jackson, W. L., and R. L. Beschta (1982), A model of two-phase bedload transport in an Oregon Coast Range stream, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 7, 517-527.
24. Jones, M. L., and H. R. Seitz (1980), Sediment transport in the Snake and Clearwater Rivers in the vicinity of Lewiston, Idaho, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep., 80-690, 179 pp.
25. Kellerhals, R., C. R. Neill, and D. I. Bray (1972), Hydraulic and geomorphic characteristics of rivers in Alberta, River Eng. Surf. Hydrol. Rep., 72-1, Res. Counc. of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
26. King, J. G., W. W. Emmett, P. J. Whiting, R. P. Kenworthy, and J. J. Barry (2004), Sediment transport data and related information for selected coarse-bed streams and riveni in Idaho, Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR 131, 26 pp., Rocky Mt. Res. Stn., U.S. Dep. of Agric. For. Serv., Fort Collins, Colo. (Available at www.fs.fed.us/rm/boise/teams/soils/Bat%20WWW/index.htm.)
27. Knighton, A. D. (1998), Fluvial Forms and Processes - A New Perspective, 383 pp., Edward Arnold, London.
28. Milhous, R. T. (1973), Sediment transport in a gravel-bottomed stream, Ph.D. dissertation, 232 pp., Dep. of Civ. Eng., Oreg. State Univ., Corvallis.
29. Montgomery, D. R., and J. M. Buffington (1997), Channel-reach morphology in mountain dranage basins, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull, 109(5), 596-611.
30. Moog, D. B., and P. J. Whiting (1998), Annual hysteresis in bed load rating curves, Water Resour. Res., 34, 2393-2399.
31. Parker, G. (1990), Surface-based bedload transport relation for gravel rivers, J. Hydraul. Res., 28, 417-435.
32. Parker, G., P. C. Klingeman, and D. G. McLean (1982), Bedload and size distribution in paved gravel-bed streams, J. Hydraul. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 108(HY4), 544-571.
33. Parker, G., C. M. Toro-Escobar, M. Ramey, and S. Beck (2003), Effect of floodwater extraction on mountain stream morphology, J. Hydraul. Eng., 129, 887-895.
34. Pitlick, J. (1988), Variability of bed load measurement, Water Resour. Res., 24, 173-177.
35. Pitlick, J., and R. Cress (2002), Downstream changes in the channel geometry of a large gravel ijed river, Water Resour. Res., 38, 1216, doi:10.1029/2001WR000898.
36. Pitlick, J., and M. M. Van Steeter (1998), Geomorphology and endangered fish habitats of the upper Colorado River: 2. Linking sediment transport to habitat maintenance, Water Resour. Res., 34, 303-316.
37. Pitlick, J., E. Mueller, C. Segura-Sossa, and M. Torizzo (2004), Adjustments of bed sediment texture to variations in shear stress in high gradient streams, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meeting Suppl., Abstract H43A-0363.
38. Powell, D. M., I. Reid, and J. B. Laronne (2001), Evolution of bed load grain size distribution with increasing flow strength and the effect of flow duration on the caliber of bed load sediment yield in ephemeral gravel bed rivers, Water Resour. Res., 37, 1463-1474.
39. Rankl, J. G., and M. L. Smalley (1992), Transport of sediment by streams in the Sierra Madre, southern Wyoming, U.S. Geol. Surv. Water Resour. Invest. Rep., 92-4091, 36 pp.
40. Reid, I., and J. B. Laronne (1995), Bed load sediment transport in an ephemeral stream and a comparison with seasonal and perennial counterparts, Water Resour. Res., 31, 773-781.
41. Rickenmann, D. (2001), Comparison of bed load transport in torrents and gravel bed streams, Water Resour. Res., 37, 3295-3305.
42. Ryan, S. E., and W. W. Emmett (2002), The nature of flow and sediment movement in Little Granite Creek near Bondurant, Wyoming, Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-90, 48 pp., Rocky Mt. Res. Stn., U.S. Dep. of Agric. For. Serv., Fort Collins, Colo.
43. Ryan, S. E., and L. S. Porth (1999), A field comparison of three pressure-difference samplers, Geomorphology, 30, 307-322.
44. Ryan, S. E., L. S. Forth, and C. A. Troendle (2002), Defining phases of bedload transport using piecewise regression, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 27, 971-990.
45. Shields, A. (1936), Anwendung der Aehnlichkeitsmechanik und der Turbulenzforschung auf die Geschiebebewegung, Mitt. Preuss. Versuchsanst. Wasserbau Schiffbau, 26, 36 pp.
46. Shvidchenko, A. B., and G. Pender (2000), Flume study of the effect of relative depth on the incipient motion of coarse uniform sediments, Water Resour. Res., 36, 619-628.
47. Smalley, M. L., W. W. Emmett, and A. M. Wacker (1994), Annual replenishment of bed material by sediment transport in the Wind River near Riverton, Wyoming, U.S. Geol. Surv. Water Resour. Invest. Rep., 94-40007, 23 pp.
48. Sterling, S., and M. Church (2002), Sediment trapping characteristics of a pit trap and the Helley-Smith sampler in a cobble gravel bed river, Water Resour. Res., 38, 1144, doi:10.1029/2000WR000052.
49. Sumer, B. M., L. H. C. Chua, N. S. Cheng, and J. Fredsoe (2003), Influence of turbulence on bed load sediment transport, J. Hydraul. Eng., 129, 585-595.
50. Torizzo, M., and J. Pitlick (2004), Magnitude-frequency of bed load transport in mountain streams in Colorado, J. Hydrol., 290, 137-151.
51. Tsujimoto, T. (1991), Bed-load transport in steep channels, in Fluvial Hydraulics of Mountain Regions, Lect. Notes Earth Sci. Ser., vol. 37, edited by A. Armanini and G. DiSilvio, pp. 89-102, Springer, New York.
52. Wathen, S. J., R. I. Ferguson, T. B. Hoey, and A. Werritty (1995), Unequal mobility of gravel and sand in weakly bimodal river sediments, Water Resour. Res., 31, 2087-2096.
53. Whiting, P. J., and J. G. King (2003), Surface particle sizes on armoured gravel streambeds: Effects of supply and hydraulics, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 28, 1459-1471.
54. Whiting, P. J., J. F. Stamm, D. B. Moog, and R. L. Orndorff (1999), Sediment-transporting flows in headwater streams, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull, 111, 450-466.
55. Wiberg, P. L., and J. D. Smith (1991), Velocity distribution and bed-roughness in high-gradient streams, Water Resour. Res., 27, 825-838.
56. Wilcock, P. R., and J. C. Crowe (2003), Surface-based transport model for mixed-size sediment, J. Hydraul. Eng., 129(2), 120-128.
57. Wilcock, P. R., and B. W. McArdell (1993), Surface-based fractional transport rates: Mobilization thresholds and partial transport of a sand-gravel sediment, Water Resour. Res., 29, 1297-1312.
58. Zimmerman, A., and M. Church (2001), Channel morphology, gradient profiles and bed stresses during flood in a step-pool channel, Geomorphology, 40, 311-327.