Measurement of coarse gravel and cobble transport using portable bedload traps

Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

Volumn 130, Issue 9, 2004, Pages 879-893

  Bunte, Kristin ^a   Abt, Steven R ^a   Potyondy, John P ^b   Ryan, Sandra E ^c  

^a Engineering Research Center and Hydraulics Laboratory   (United States)

^b ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION   (United States)

^c USDA ARS Rocky Mountain Research Station Laramie   (United States)

Author keywords

Bed loads; Gravel; Incipient motion; Measurement; Sampling; Sediment transport; Transport rate

Indexed keywords

MEASUREMENTS; SAMPLING; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; GRAVEL; FLOW MEASUREMENT; HYDRAULICS;

BED LOAD; BED-LOAD TRANSPORT; GRAVEL BED LOAD; GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; INCIPIENT MOTION; REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT RATE; COARSE GRAVEL; GRAVEL; HIGH FLOW; MEASUREMENTS OF; STREAMBEDS;

GRAVEL; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; FLOW OF WATER;

BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; COBBLE TRANSPORT;

BEDLOAD; CHANNEL HYDRAULICS; CRITICAL FLOW; GRAVEL BED STREAM; MEASUREMENT METHOD; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT;

EID: 4444364059     PISSN: 07339429     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:9(879)     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Abt, S. R., Wittler, R. J., Taylor, A., and Love, D. J. (1989). "Human stability in a high flood hazard zone."Water Resour. Bull., 25(4), 881-890.
2. Atkinson, E. (1994). "Vortex-tube sediment extractors. I: Trapping efficiency."J. Hydraul. Eng., 120(10), 1110-1125.
3. Beschta, R. L. (1981). "Increased bag size improves Helley-Smith bed load sampler for use in streams with high sand and organic matter transport."Erosion and sediment transport measurement, IAHS Publ. No. 133, 17-25.
4. Bunte, K. (1992). "Particle number grain-size composition of bedload in a mountain stream."Dynamics of gravel bed rivers, P. Billi, R. D. Hey, C. R. Thorne, and P. Tacconi, eds., Wiley, Chichester, 55-72.
5. Bunte, K. (1996). "Analyses of the temporal variation of coarse bedload transport and its grain size distribution (Squaw Creek, Montana, USA)."English translation of PhD dissertation submitted to the Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Rep. RMGTR-288.
6. Bunte, K. (1997). "Development and field testing of a bedload trap for sand and fine gravels in mountain gravel-bed streams (South Fork Cache la Poudre Creek, CO)."Rep. prepared for the Stream Systems Technology Center, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colo.
7. Bunte, K. (1998). "Development and field testing of a stationary netframe bedload sampler for measuring entrainment of pebble and cobble particles."Rep. prepared for the Stream Systems Technology Center, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colo.
8. Bunte, K. (1999). "Field testing of bedload traps for measuring entrainment of pebbles and cobbles at Little Granite Creek, WY."Rep. prepared for the Stream Systems Technology Center, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colo.
9. Bunte, K., and Abt, S. R. (2003). "Sampler size and sampling time affect measured bedload transport rates and particle sizes measured with bedload traps in gravel-bed streams."Erosion and sediment transport measurement in rivers: Technological and methodological advances, J. Bogen, T. Fergus, and D. E. Walling, eds., IAHS Publ. No. 283, 126-133.
10. Bunte, K., Abt, S. R., and Potyondy, J. P. (2001). "Portable bedload traps with high sampling intensity for representative sampling of gravel transport in wadable mountain streams."Proc., 7th Interagency Sedimentation Conf., U.S. Subcomittee on Sedimentation, Reno, Nev., Vol. 2, III.24-III.31.
11. Bunte, K., and MacDonald, L. H. (1999). "Scale considerations and the detectability of sedimentary cumulative watershed effects."Technical Bulletin No. 776, National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI), Research Triangle Park, N.C.
12. Bunte, K., and Swingle, K. (2003). "Field testing the sampling efficiency of bedload traps at East St. Louis Creek, May-July 2003: Comparison of annual gravel load between bedload traps and debris basin and effect of bedload traps on upstream flow velocity."Rep. submitted to the Stream Systems Technology Center, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colo.
13. Childers, D. (1991). "Sampling differences between the Helley-Smith and BL-84 bedload samplers."Proc., 5th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conf., U.S. Subcomitte on Sedimentation, Las Vegas, 6.31-6.38.
14. Childers, D. (1999). "Field comparison of six-pressure-difference bedload samplers in high energy flow."U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Investigations Rep. 92-4068, Vancouver, Wash.
15. Church, M. (1985). "Bed load in gravel-bed rivers: Observed phenomena and implications for computation."Proc., Canadian Society for Civil Engineering Annual Conf., Saskatoon, Sask., Canada, 17-37.
16. Church, M., Wolcott, J. F., and Fletcher, W. K. (1991). "A test of equal mobility in fluvial sediment transport: Behavior of the sand fraction."Water Resour. Res., 27(11), 2941-2951.
17. Dietrich, W. E., and Whiting, P. (1989). "Boundary shear stress and sediment transport in river meanders of sand and gravels."River meandering, S. Ikeda and G. Parker, eds., Water Resource Monograph 12, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 1-50.
18. Dinehart, R. L. (1992). "Evolution of coarse gravel bed forms: Field measurement at flood stage."Water Resour. Res., 28(10), 2667-2689.
19. Druffel, L., Emmett, W. W., Schneider, V. R., and Skinner, J. V. (1976). "Laboratory hydraulic calibration of the Helley-Smith bedload sediment sampler."U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Rep. 76-752.
20. Duizendstra, A. D. (2001b). "Determination of the sediment transport in an armoured gravel-bed river."Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 26, 1381-1393.
21. Duizendstra, H. D. (2001a). "Measuring, observing and pattern recognition of sediment transport in an armoured river using a sampler with attached underwater camera."Phys. Chem. Earth, Part B, 26(1), 59- 64.
22. Edwards, T. K., and Glysson, G. D. (1999). "Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment."Technical Water-Resources Investigations U.S. Geological Survey, Book 3, Applications of Hydraulics, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va.
23. Ehrenberger, R. (1931). "Direkte Geschiebemessung an der Donau bei Wien und deren bisherige Ergebnisse @Direct bedload measurements at the Danube near Vienna and results to date#."Wasserwirtschaft, 34, 1-9.
24. Emmett, W. W. (1980). "A field calibration of the sediment trapping characteristics of the Helley-Smith bedload sampler."U.S. Geological Survey Prof. Paper 1139, Washington, D.C.
25. Emmett, W. W. (1981). "Measurement of bed load in rivers."Erosion and sediment transport measurements, IAHS Publ. No. 133, 3-15.
26. Emmett, W. W. (1999). "Quantification of channel maintenance flows for gravel-bed rivers."Wildland hydrology, D. S. Olsen and J. P. Potyondy, eds., American Water Resources Association, Herndon, Va, TPS-99-3, 77-84.
27. Engel, P., and Lau, Y. L. (1981). "The efficiency of basket type bed load samplers."Erosion and sediment transport measurement, IAHS Publ. No. 133, 27-34.
28. Gao, H. (1991). "The comparison tests of gravel bed load samplers."Proc., 5th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conf., U.S. Subcommitte on Sedimentation, Las Vegas, 6.55-6.62.
29. Garcia, C., Laronne, J. B., and Sala, M. (2000). "Continuous monitoring of bedload flux in a mountain gravel-bed river."Geomorphology, 34, 23-31.
30. Gaudet, J. M., Roy, J. B., and Best, J. B. (1994). "Effect of orientation and size of Helley-Smith sampler on its efficiency."J. Hydraul. Eng., 120(6), 758-766.
31. Gomez, B. (1991). "Bedload transport."Earth-Sci. Rev., 31, 89-132.
32. Gomez, B., Emmett, W. W., and Hubbell, D. W. (1991). "Comments on sampling bedload in small rivers."Proc., 5th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conf., U.S. Subcommitte on Sedimentation, Las Vegas, 2.65-2.72.
33. Gomez, B., Naff, R. L., and Hubbell, D. W. (1989). "Temporal variation in bedload transport rates associated with the migration of bedforms."Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 14, 135-156.
34. Habersack, H. M., Nachtnebel, P. N., and Laronne, P. N. (2001). "The continuous measurement of bedload discharge in a large alpine gravel bed river with a slot sampler."J. Hydraul. Res., 39, 125-133.
35. Hassan, M. A., and Church, M. (2001). "Sensitivity of bedload transport in Harris Creek: Seasonal and spatial variation over a cobble-gravel bar."Water Resour. Res., 37(3), 813-825.
36. Hayward, J. A., and Sutherland, A. J. (1974). "The Torlesse stream vertex-tube sediment trap."J. Hydrol., 13(1), 41-53.
37. Helley, E. J., and Smith, W. (1971). "Development and calibration of a pressure-difference bedload sampler."U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Open-File Rep., Menlo Park, Calif.
38. Hubbell, D. W. (1964). "Apparatus and techniques for measuring bedload."U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1748.
39. Hubbell, D. W., Stevens, H. H., Beverage, J. V., and Skinner, J. V. (1985). "New approach to calibrating bed load samplers."J. Hydraul. Eng., 111(4), 677-694.
40. Hubbell, D. W., Stevens, H. H., Jr., Skinner, J. V., and Beverage, J. V. (1987). "Laboratory data on coarse-sediment transport for bedloadsampler calibrations."U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2299.
41. Johnson, C. W., Hansen, C. L., Smith, J. P., and Engleman, R. L. (1977). "Helley-Smith bed load samplers."J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 103(10), 1217-1221.
42. Milhous, R. T. (1973). "Sediment transport in a gravel-bottomed stream."PhD dissertation, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Ore.
43. Milhous, R. T., Hogan, S. A., Abt, S. R., and Watson, C. C. (1995). "Sampling river-bed material: The barrel sampler."River, 5(4), 239- 249.
44. Mühlhofer, L. (1933). "Schwebstoff- und Geschiebemessungen am Inn bei Kirchbichl (Tirol). @Suspended sediment and bedload measurements at the Inn near Kirchbichl (Tirol)#."Wasserkraft Wasserwirtschaft, 28(4), 37-41.
45. Nanson, G. C. (1974). "Bedload and suspended-load transport in a small, steep, mountain stream."Am. J. Sci., 274, 471-486.
46. O'Leary, S. J., and Beschta, R. L. (1981). "Bed load transport in an Oregon Coast Range stream."Water Resour. Bull., 17(5), 886-894.
47. Potyondy, J. P., and Bunte, K. (2002). "Sampling with the US SAH-97 hand-held particle-size analyzer."Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
48. Powell, D. M., and Ashworth, P. J. (1995). "Spatial pattern of flow competence and bedload transport in a divided gravel bed river."Water Resour. Res., 31(3), 741-752.
49. Powell, D. M., Reid, I., Laronne, J. B., and Frostick, L. E. (1998). "Cross stream variability of bedload flux in narrow and wider ephemeral channels during desert flash floods."Gravel-bed rivers in the environment.
50. P. C. Klingeman, R. L. Beschta, P. D. Komar, and J. B. Bradley, eds., Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colo., 177-196.
51. Reid, I., and Frostick, L. E. (1986). "Dynamics of bedload transport in Turkey Brook, a coarse grained alluvial channel."Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 11, 143-155.
52. Reid, I., Frostick, L. E., and Layman, J. T. (1985). "The incidence and nature of bedload transport during flood flows in coarse-grained alluvial channels."Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 10, 33-44.
53. Reid, I., and Laronne, J. B. (1995). "Bed load sediment transport in an ephemeral stream and a comparison with seasonal and perennial counterparts."Water Resour. Res., 31(3), 773-781.
54. Reid, I., Layman, J. T., and Frostick, L. E. (1980). "The continuous measurements of bedload discharge."J. Hydraul. Res., 18(3), 243- 249.
55. Ryan, S. E. (1998). "Sampling bedload transport in coarse-grained mountain channels using portable samplers."Proc., Federal Interagency Workshop "Sediment Technology for the 21st Century,"St. Petersburg, Fla., ^http://wwwrvares.er.usgs/osw/sedtech21/ryan.html&.
56. Ryan, S. E., and Emmett, W. W. (2002). "The nature of flow and sediment movement in Little Granite Creek near Bondurant, WY."General Technical Rep. RMRS-GTR-90, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
57. Ryan, S. E., and Porth, L. S. (1999). "A field comparison of three pressure-difference bedload samplers."Geomorphology, 30, 307- 322.
58. Ryan, S. E., Porth, L. S., and Troendle, L. S. (2002). "Defining phases of bedload transport using piecewise regression."Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 27(9), 971-990.
59. Ryan, S. E., and Troendle, C. A. (1996). "Bedload transport patterns in coarse-grained channels under varying conditions of flow."Proc., 6th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conf., U.S. Subcommitte on Sedimentation, Las Vegas, Vol. 2, VI.22-VI.27b.
60. Ryan, S. E., and Troendle, C. A. (1997). "Measuring bedload in coarsegrained mountain channels: Procedures, problems, and recommendations."Water resources education, training, and practice: Opportunities for the next century, American Water Resources Association Conf., Keystone, Colo., 949-958.
61. Sterling, S. M., and Church, M. (2002). "Sediment sampling characteristics of a pit trap and the Helley-Smith sampler in a cobble gravel bed river."Water Resour. Res., 38(8), 10.1029/2000WR000052.
62. Tacconi, P., and Billi, P. (1987). "Bed load transport measurement by a vortex-tube trap on Virginio Creek, Italy."Sediment transport in gravel-bed rivers, C. R. Thorne, J. C. Bathurst, and R. D. Hey, eds., Wiley, Chichester, U.K., 583-615.
63. Whitaker, A. C. (1997). "The initiation of coarse bed load transport in gravel bed streams."PhD dissertation, Univ. of Montana, Missoula, Mont.
64. Whitaker, A. C., and Potts, D. F. (1996). "Validation of two threshold models for bedload initiation in an upland gravel-bed stream."Watershed restoration management-Physical, chemical, and biological considerations, Proc., Annual Symp., American Water Resources Association, 85-94.
65. Whiting, P. J., Dietrich, W. E., Leopold, L. B., Drake, T. G., and Shreve, R. L. (1988). "Bedload sheets in heterogeneous sediment."Geology, 16, 105-108.
66. Wilcock, P. R. (1988). "Methods for estimating the critical shear stress of individual fractions in mixed-sized sediment."Water Resour. Res., 24(7), 1127-1135.
67. Wilcock, P. R. (2001). "Toward a practical method for estimating sediment transport rates in gravel-bed rivers."Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 26, 1395-1408.
68. Xiang, Z., and Zhou, G. (1992). "Measuring techniques of bed load in the Yangtze River."Erosion and sediment transport monitoring in river basins, IAHS Publ. No. 210, 175-180.
69. Yang, X., and Gao, H. (1998). "Development of AYT gravel bed-load sampler and method for bed-load measurement."Modelling soil erosion, sediment transport and closely related hydrological processes, IAHS Publ. No. 249, 345-352.