메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 208, Issue 9, 2005, Pages 1695-1708

Circulatory variables and the flight performance of birds

Author keywords

Aerobic flight; Avian energetics; Heart mass; Muscle efficiency; Scaling

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BIOMECHANICS; BIRD; BODY SIZE; ENERGY METABOLISM; FLYING; MUSCLE FIBRIL; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; VASCULARIZATION;

EID: 18944405951     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01576     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (29)

References (73)
  • 2
    • 0035746239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanical power output of the flight muscles of blue-breasted quail (Coturnix chinensis) during take-off
    • Askew, G. N., Marsh, R. L. and Ellington, C. P. (2001). The mechanical power output of the flight muscles of blue-breasted quail (Coturnix chinensis) during take-off. J. Exp. Biol. 204, 3601-3619.
    • (2001) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.204 , pp. 3601-3619
    • Askew, G.N.1    Marsh, R.L.2    Ellington, C.P.3
  • 3
    • 0023528375 scopus 로고
    • Active and resting metabolism in birds: Allometry, phylogeny and ecology
    • Bennett, P. M. and Harvey, P. H. (1987). Active and resting metabolism in birds: allometry, phylogeny and ecology. J. Zool. Lond. 213, 327-363.
    • (1987) J. Zool. Lond. , vol.213 , pp. 327-363
    • Bennett, P.M.1    Harvey, P.H.2
  • 4
    • 0030878504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart mass and the maximum cardiac output of birds and mammals: Implications for estimating the maximum aerobic power input of flying animals
    • Bishop, C. M. (1997). Heart mass and the maximum cardiac output of birds and mammals: Implications for estimating the maximum aerobic power input of flying animals. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 352, 447-456.
    • (1997) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.352 , pp. 447-456
    • Bishop, C.M.1
  • 5
    • 0033596098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The maximum oxygen consumption and aerobic scope of birds and mammals: Getting to the heart of the matter
    • Bishop, C. M. (1999). The maximum oxygen consumption and aerobic scope of birds and mammals: getting to the heart of the matter. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 266, 2275-2281.
    • (1999) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.266 , pp. 2275-2281
    • Bishop, C.M.1
  • 6
    • 0028870447 scopus 로고
    • Physiological modelling of oxygen consumption in birds during flight
    • Bishop, C. M. and Butler, P. J. (1995). Physiological modelling of oxygen consumption in birds during flight. J. Exp. Biol. 198, 2153-2163.
    • (1995) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.198 , pp. 2153-2163
    • Bishop, C.M.1    Butler, P.J.2
  • 7
    • 0030526548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The morphological development of the locomotor and cardiac muscles of the migratory barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis)
    • Bishop, C. M., Butler, P. J., El Haj, A. J., Egginton, S. and Loonen, M. J. J. E. (1996). The morphological development of the locomotor and cardiac muscles of the migratory barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis). J. Zool. 239, 1-15.
    • (1996) J. Zool. , vol.239 , pp. 1-15
    • Bishop, C.M.1    Butler, P.J.2    El Haj, A.J.3    Egginton, S.4    Loonen, M.J.J.E.5
  • 8
    • 0032031151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative development of captive and migratory populations of the barnacle goose
    • Bishop, C. M. Butler, P. J., El Haj, A. J. and Egginton, S. (1998). Comparative development of captive and migratory populations of the barnacle goose. Physiol. Zool. 71, 198-207.
    • (1998) Physiol. Zool. , vol.71 , pp. 198-207
    • Bishop, C.M.1    Butler, P.J.2    El Haj, A.J.3    Egginton, S.4
  • 9
    • 0036802597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The energetics of barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) flying in captive and wild conditions
    • Bishop, C. M., Ward, S., Woakes, A. J. and Butler, P. J. (2002). The energetics of barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) flying in captive and wild conditions. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 133, 225-237.
    • (2002) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.133 , pp. 225-237
    • Bishop, C.M.1    Ward, S.2    Woakes, A.J.3    Butler, P.J.4
  • 10
    • 0000101018 scopus 로고
    • Exercise in birds
    • Butler, P. J. (1991). Exercise in birds. J. Exp. Biol. 160, 233-262.
    • (1991) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.160 , pp. 233-262
    • Butler, P.J.1
  • 11
    • 0028858476 scopus 로고
    • Limits to vertebrate locomotor energetics suggested by hummingbirds hovering in heliox
    • Chai, P. and Dudley, R. (1995). Limits to vertebrate locomotor energetics suggested by hummingbirds hovering in heliox. Nature 377, 722-725.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.377 , pp. 722-725
    • Chai, P.1    Dudley, R.2
  • 12
    • 0001028042 scopus 로고
    • A record of the body weight and certain organ and gland-weights of 3690 animals
    • Crile, G. and Quiring, D. P. (1940). A record of the body weight and certain organ and gland-weights of 3690 animals. Ohio J. Sci. XL, 219-259.
    • (1940) Ohio J. Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 219-259
    • Crile, G.1    Quiring, D.P.2
  • 13
    • 0002297730 scopus 로고
    • Pectoralis-muscle force and power output during different modes of flight in pigeons (Columba livia)
    • Dial, K. P. and Biewener, A. A. (1993). Pectoralis-muscle force and power output during different modes of flight in pigeons (Columba livia). J. Exp. Biol. 176, 31-54.
    • (1993) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.176 , pp. 31-54
    • Dial, K.P.1    Biewener, A.A.2
  • 14
    • 0001648201 scopus 로고
    • Adaptations in pectoralis muscle, heart mass, and energy metabolism during premigratory fattening in semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla)
    • Driedzic, W. R., Crowe, H. L., Hicklin, P. W. and Sephton, D. H. (1993). Adaptations in pectoralis muscle, heart mass, and energy metabolism during premigratory fattening in semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla). Can. J. Zool. 71, 1602-1608.
    • (1993) Can. J. Zool. , vol.71 , pp. 1602-1608
    • Driedzic, W.R.1    Crowe, H.L.2    Hicklin, P.W.3    Sephton, D.H.4
  • 15
    • 0346935191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of maximum oxygen consumption in guinea fowl Numida meleagris indicates that birds and mammals display a similar diversity of aerobic scopes during running
    • Ellerby, D. J., Cleary, M., Marsh, R. L. and Buchanan, C. I. (2003). Measurement of maximum oxygen consumption in guinea fowl Numida meleagris indicates that birds and mammals display a similar diversity of aerobic scopes during running. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 76, 695-703.
    • (2003) Physiol. Biochem. Zool. , vol.76 , pp. 695-703
    • Ellerby, D.J.1    Cleary, M.2    Marsh, R.L.3    Buchanan, C.I.4
  • 16
    • 0002725449 scopus 로고
    • Limitations on animal flight performance
    • Ellington, C. P. (1991). Limitations on animal flight performance. J. Exp. Biol. 160, 71-91.
    • (1991) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.160 , pp. 71-91
    • Ellington, C.P.1
  • 17
    • 0000534278 scopus 로고
    • Flight muscle hypertrophy and ecophysiological variation of yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava) races at Lake Chad
    • Fry, C. H. and Ferguson-Lees, I. F. (1972). Flight muscle hypertrophy and ecophysiological variation of yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava) races at Lake Chad. J. Zool. Lond. 167, 293-306.
    • (1972) J. Zool. Lond. , vol.167 , pp. 293-306
    • Fry, C.H.1    Ferguson-Lees, I.F.2
  • 18
    • 0029503852 scopus 로고
    • Examining the limits of flight and orientation performance: Satellite tracking of brent geese migrating across the Greenland ice-cap
    • Gudmundsson, G. A., Benvenuti, S., Alerstam, T., Papi, F., Lilliendahl, K. and Åkesson, S. (1995). Examining the limits of flight and orientation performance: satellite tracking of brent geese migrating across the Greenland ice-cap. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 261, 73-79.
    • (1995) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.261 , pp. 73-79
    • Gudmundsson, G.A.1    Benvenuti, S.2    Alerstam, T.3    Papi, F.4    Lilliendahl, K.5    Åkesson, S.6
  • 19
    • 0027082438 scopus 로고
    • Heart size and maximal cardiac output are limited by the pericardium
    • Hammond, H. K., White, F. C., Bhargava, V. and Shabetai, R. (1992). Heart size and maximal cardiac output are limited by the pericardium. Am. J. Physiol. 263, H1675-H1681.
    • (1992) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.263
    • Hammond, H.K.1    White, F.C.2    Bhargava, V.3    Shabetai, R.4
  • 20
    • 0002567219 scopus 로고
    • Locomotor mechanisms of birds
    • Hartman, F. A. (1961). Locomotor mechanisms of birds. Smithson. Misc. Collns 143, 1-91.
    • (1961) Smithson. Misc. Collns. , vol.143 , pp. 1-91
    • Hartman, F.A.1
  • 21
    • 0002067053 scopus 로고
    • Climbing performance of migrating birds as a basis for estimating limits for fuel-carrying capacity and muscle work
    • Hedenström, A. and Alerstam, T. (1992). Climbing performance of migrating birds as a basis for estimating limits for fuel-carrying capacity and muscle work. J. Exp. Biol. 164, 19-38.
    • (1992) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.164 , pp. 19-38
    • Hedenström, A.1    Alerstam, T.2
  • 22
    • 0035745360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field estimates of body drag coefficient on the basis of dives in passerine birds
    • Hedenström, A. and Liechti, L. (2001). Field estimates of body drag coefficient on the basis of dives in passerine birds. J. Exp. Biol. 204, 1167-1175.
    • (2001) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.204 , pp. 1167-1175
    • Hedenström, A.1    Liechti, L.2
  • 23
    • 2442569917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wing inertia and whole-body acceleration: An analysis of instantaneous aerodynamic force production in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) flying across a range of speeds
    • Hedrick, T. L., Usherwood, J. R. and Biewener, A. A. (2004). Wing inertia and whole-body acceleration: an analysis of instantaneous aerodynamic force production in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) flying across a range of speeds. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 1689-1720.
    • (2004) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.207 , pp. 1689-1720
    • Hedrick, T.L.1    Usherwood, J.R.2    Biewener, A.A.3
  • 24
    • 0020584106 scopus 로고
    • Repeated development and regression of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats
    • Hickson, R. C., Galassi, T. M. and Dougherty, K. A. (1983). Repeated development and regression of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 54, 794-797.
    • (1983) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.54 , pp. 794-797
    • Hickson, R.C.1    Galassi, T.M.2    Dougherty, K.A.3
  • 25
    • 0020728198 scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange and energy cost of flight in the white-necked raven. Corvus crytoleucus
    • Hudson, D. M. and Bernstein, M. H. (1983). Gas exchange and energy cost of flight in the white-necked raven. Corvus crytoleucus. J. Exp. Biol. 103, 121-130.
    • (1983) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.103 , pp. 121-130
    • Hudson, D.M.1    Bernstein, M.H.2
  • 26
    • 0023082144 scopus 로고
    • On the relation between basal and maximum metabolic rate in mammals
    • Koteja, P. (1987). On the relation between basal and maximum metabolic rate in mammals. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 87, 205-208.
    • (1987) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.87 , pp. 205-208
    • Koteja, P.1
  • 27
    • 0035909315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrying large fuel loads during sustained bird flight is cheaper than expected
    • Kvist, A., Lindström, Å., Green, M., Piersma, T. and Visser, G. H. (2001). Carrying large fuel loads during sustained bird flight is cheaper than expected. Nature 413, 730-732.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 730-732
    • Kvist, A.1    Lindström, Å.2    Green, M.3    Piersma, T.4    Visser, G.H.5
  • 28
    • 0036955554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood parameter changes during stopover in a long-distance migratory shorebird, the bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica taymyrensis
    • Landys-Ciannelli, M. M., Jukema, J. and Piersma, T. (2002). Blood parameter changes during stopover in a long-distance migratory shorebird, the bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica taymyrensis. J. Avian Biol. 33, 451-455.
    • (2002) J. Avian Biol. , vol.33 , pp. 451-455
    • Landys-Ciannelli, M.M.1    Jukema, J.2    Piersma, T.3
  • 29
    • 0014975778 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary allometric analysis of respiratory variables in resting birds
    • Lasiewski, R. C. and Calder, W. A. (1971). A preliminary allometric analysis of respiratory variables in resting birds. Respir. Physiol. 11, 152-166.
    • (1971) Respir. Physiol. , vol.11 , pp. 152-166
    • Lasiewski, R.C.1    Calder, W.A.2
  • 30
    • 0002831637 scopus 로고
    • A re-examination of the relation between standard metabolic rate and body weight in birds
    • Lasiewski, R. C. and Dawson, W. R. (1967). A re-examination of the relation between standard metabolic rate and body weight in birds. Condor 69, 13-23.
    • (1967) Condor , vol.69 , pp. 13-23
    • Lasiewski, R.C.1    Dawson, W.R.2
  • 31
    • 0034032981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian pectoral muscle size rapidly tracks body mass changes during flight, fasting and fuelling
    • Lindström, Å., Kvist, A., Piersma, T., Dekinga, A. and Dietz, M. W. (2000). Avian pectoral muscle size rapidly tracks body mass changes during flight, fasting and fuelling. J. Exp. Biol. 203, 913-919.
    • (2000) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.203 , pp. 913-919
    • Lindström, Å.1    Kvist, A.2    Piersma, T.3    Dekinga, A.4    Dietz, M.W.5
  • 32
    • 0001344405 scopus 로고
    • Les caracteristiques des oiseaux suivant le mode de vol
    • Magnan, A. (1922). Les caracteristiques des oiseaux suivant le mode de vol. Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 10, 5, 125-334.
    • (1922) Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 10 , vol.5 , pp. 125-334
    • Magnan, A.1
  • 33
    • 0023235341 scopus 로고
    • Maximum lift production during takeoff in flying animals
    • Marden, J. H. (1987). Maximum lift production during takeoff in flying animals. J. Exp. Biol. 130, 235-258.
    • (1987) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.130 , pp. 235-258
    • Marden, J.H.1
  • 34
    • 0025280586 scopus 로고
    • Maximum load-lifting and induced power output of Harris' hawks are general functions of flight muscle mass
    • Marden, J. H. (1990). Maximum load-lifting and induced power output of Harris' hawks are general functions of flight muscle mass. J. Exp. Biol. 149, 511-514.
    • (1990) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.149 , pp. 511-514
    • Marden, J.H.1
  • 35
    • 0028220964 scopus 로고
    • From damselflies to pterosaurs: How burst and sustainable flight performance scale with size
    • Marden, J. H. (1994). From damselflies to pterosaurs: how burst and sustainable flight performance scale with size. Am. J. Physiol. 266, R1077-R1084.
    • (1994) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.266
    • Marden, J.H.1
  • 36
    • 0000382333 scopus 로고
    • Adaptations of the gray catbird Dumatella carolinensis to long-distance migration: Flight muscle hypertrophy associated with elevated body mass
    • Marsh, R. L. (1984). Adaptations of the gray catbird Dumatella carolinensis to long-distance migration: flight muscle hypertrophy associated with elevated body mass. Physiol. Zool. 57, 105-117.
    • (1984) Physiol. Zool. , vol.57 , pp. 105-117
    • Marsh, R.L.1
  • 37
    • 0001093901 scopus 로고
    • Energy-expenditure during free flight in trained and free-living Eurasian kestrels (Falco tinnunculus)
    • Masman, D. and Klaassen, M. (1987). Energy-expenditure during free flight in trained and free-living Eurasian kestrels (Falco tinnunculus). Auk 104, 603-616.
    • (1987) Auk , vol.104 , pp. 603-616
    • Masman, D.1    Klaassen, M.2
  • 38
    • 0001629332 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of nutrient and energy expenditure in female common eiders nesting in the high arctic
    • Parker, H. and Holm, H. (1990). Patterns of nutrient and energy expenditure in female common eiders nesting in the high arctic. Auk 107, 660-668.
    • (1990) Auk , vol.107 , pp. 660-668
    • Parker, H.1    Holm, H.2
  • 39
    • 84989994426 scopus 로고
    • The mechanics of bird migration
    • Pennycuick, C. J. (1969). The mechanics of bird migration. Ibis 111, 525-556.
    • (1969) Ibis , vol.111 , pp. 525-556
    • Pennycuick, C.J.1
  • 41
    • 0002720164 scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of flight
    • (ed. D. S. Farner and J. R. King), New York: Academic Press
    • Pennycuick, C. J. (1975). Mechanics of flight. In Avian Biology, vol. 5 (ed. D. S. Farner and J. R. King), pp. 1-75. New York: Academic Press.
    • (1975) Avian Biology , vol.5 , pp. 1-75
    • Pennycuick, C.J.1
  • 42
    • 0002396911 scopus 로고
    • The flight of petrels and albatrosses (Procellariiformes), observed in South Georgia and its vicinity
    • Pennycuick, C. J. (1982). The flight of petrels and albatrosses (Procellariiformes), observed in South Georgia and its vicinity. Phil. Trans. R. Soc B 300, 75-106.
    • (1982) Phil. Trans. R. Soc B , vol.300 , pp. 75-106
    • Pennycuick, C.J.1
  • 45
    • 0030152491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress and strain in the flight muscles as constraints on the evolution of flying animals
    • Pennycuick, C. J. (1996). Stress and strain in the flight muscles as constraints on the evolution of flying animals. J. Biomech. 29, 577-581.
    • (1996) J. Biomech. , vol.29 , pp. 577-581
    • Pennycuick, C.J.1
  • 46
    • 0002814877 scopus 로고
    • Climbing performance of Harris' hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) with added load: Implications for muscle mechanics and for radiotracking
    • Pennycuick, C. J., Fuller, M. R. and McAllister, L. (1989). Climbing performance of Harris' hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) with added load: implications for muscle mechanics and for radiotracking. J. Exp. Biol. 142, 17-29.
    • (1989) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.142 , pp. 17-29
    • Pennycuick, C.J.1    Fuller, M.R.2    McAllister, L.3
  • 47
    • 0002120308 scopus 로고
    • Falcon versus grouse - Flight adaptations of a predator and its prey
    • Pennycuick, C. J., Fuller, M. R., Oar, J. J. and Kirkpatrick, S. J. (1994). Falcon versus grouse - flight adaptations of a predator and its prey. J. Avian. Biol. 25, 39-49.
    • (1994) J. Avian. Biol. , vol.25 , pp. 39-49
    • Pennycuick, C.J.1    Fuller, M.R.2    Oar, J.J.3    Kirkpatrick, S.J.4
  • 48
    • 0000835085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wingbeat frequency and the body drag anomaly: Wind-tunnel observations on a thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) and a teal (Anas crecca)
    • Pennycuick, C. J., Klaasen, M., Kvist, A. and Lindström, Å. (1996). Wingbeat frequency and the body drag anomaly: wind-tunnel observations on a thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) and a teal (Anas crecca). J. Exp. Biol. 199, 2757-2765.
    • (1996) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.199 , pp. 2757-2765
    • Pennycuick, C.J.1    Klaasen, M.2    Kvist, A.3    Lindström, Å.4
  • 49
    • 0000255094 scopus 로고
    • The specific power output of aerobic muscle, related to the power density of mitochondria
    • Pennycuick, C. J. and Rezende, M. A. (1984). The specific power output of aerobic muscle, related to the power density of mitochondria. J. Exp. Biol. 108, 377-392.
    • (1984) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.108 , pp. 377-392
    • Pennycuick, C.J.1    Rezende, M.A.2
  • 50
    • 0025601141 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural aspects of the departure of waders before long-distance flights: Flocking, vocalizations, flight paths and diurnal timing
    • Piersma, T., Zwarts, L. and Bruggemann, J. H. (1990). Behavioural aspects of the departure of waders before long-distance flights: flocking, vocalizations, flight paths and diurnal timing. Ardea 78, 157-184.
    • (1990) Ardea , vol.78 , pp. 157-184
    • Piersma, T.1    Zwarts, L.2    Bruggemann, J.H.3
  • 51
    • 0019130757 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism-weight relationship in some small non-passerine birds
    • Prinzinger, R. and Hanssler, I. (1980). Metabolism-weight relationship in some small non-passerine birds. Experientia 37, 1299-1300.
    • (1980) Experientia , vol.37 , pp. 1299-1300
    • Prinzinger, R.1    Hanssler, I.2
  • 52
    • 0021943001 scopus 로고
    • Energetic aspects of skeletal muscle contraction: Implications of fiber types
    • Rall, J. A. (1985). Energetic aspects of skeletal muscle contraction: Implications of fiber types. Exer. Sport Sci. Rev. 13, 33-74.
    • (1985) Exer. Sport Sci. Rev. , vol.13 , pp. 33-74
    • Rall, J.A.1
  • 53
    • 0002511157 scopus 로고
    • A new approach to animal flight mechanics
    • Rayner, J. M. V. (1979a). A new approach to animal flight mechanics. J. Exp. Biol. 80, 17-54.
    • (1979) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.80 , pp. 17-54
    • Rayner, J.M.V.1
  • 54
    • 0018455992 scopus 로고
    • A vortex theory of animal flight. Part 2. The forward flight of birds
    • Rayner, J. M. V. (1979b). A vortex theory of animal flight. Part 2. The forward flight of birds. J. Fluid Mech. 91, 731-763.
    • (1979) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.91 , pp. 731-763
    • Rayner, J.M.V.1
  • 55
    • 0002027685 scopus 로고
    • Form and function in avian flight
    • Rayner, J. M. V. (1988). Form and function in avian flight. Curr. Orn. 5, 1-77.
    • (1988) Curr. Orn. , vol.5 , pp. 1-77
    • Rayner, J.M.V.1
  • 56
    • 0002112654 scopus 로고
    • The mechanics of flight and bird migration performance
    • ed. E. Gwinner, Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    • Rayner, J. M. V. (1990). The mechanics of flight and bird migration performance. In Bird Migration: Physiology and Ecophysiology (ed. E. Gwinner), pp. 283-299. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
    • (1990) Bird Migration: Physiology and Ecophysiology , pp. 283-299
    • Rayner, J.M.V.1
  • 57
    • 0033396958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating power curves of flying vertebrates
    • Rayner, J. M. V. (1999). Estimating power curves of flying vertebrates. J. Exp. Biol. 202, 3449-3461.
    • (1999) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.202 , pp. 3449-3461
    • Rayner, J.M.V.1
  • 58
    • 0000138568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of avian energetics: Passerines and nonpasserines do not differ
    • Reynolds, P. S. and Lee, R. M. (1996). Phylogenetic analysis of avian energetics: Passerines and nonpasserines do not differ. Am. Nat. 147, 735-759.
    • (1996) Am. Nat. , vol.147 , pp. 735-759
    • Reynolds, P.S.1    Lee, R.M.2
  • 59
    • 0028708995 scopus 로고
    • The mechanical design of the muscular system
    • Rome, L. C. (1994). The mechanical design of the muscular system. Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp. Med. 38A, 125-179.
    • (1994) Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp. Med. , vol.38 A , pp. 125-179
    • Rome, L.C.1
  • 60
    • 0001362403 scopus 로고
    • The avian pectoralis: Histochemical characterization and distribution of muscle fiber types
    • Rosser, B. W. C. and George, J. C. (1986). The avian pectoralis: histochemical characterization and distribution of muscle fiber types. Can. J. Zool. 64, 1174-1185.
    • (1986) Can. J. Zool. , vol.64 , pp. 1174-1185
    • Rosser, B.W.C.1    George, J.C.2
  • 61
    • 0000554154 scopus 로고
    • On the significance of unsteady effects in the aerodynamic performance of flying animals
    • Spedding, G. R. (1994). On the significance of unsteady effects in the aerodynamic performance of flying animals. Cont. Math. 141, 401-419.
    • (1994) Cont. Math. , vol.141 , pp. 401-419
    • Spedding, G.R.1
  • 62
    • 0022610887 scopus 로고
    • The effect of pericardiectomy on maximal oxygen consumption and maximal cardiac output in untrained dogs
    • Stray-Gundersen, J., Musch, T. I., Haidet, G. C., Swain, D. P., Ordway, G. A. and Mitchell, J. H. (1986). The effect of pericardiectomy on maximal oxygen consumption and maximal cardiac output in untrained dogs. Circ. Res. 58, 523-530.
    • (1986) Circ. Res. , vol.58 , pp. 523-530
    • Stray-Gundersen, J.1    Musch, T.I.2    Haidet, G.C.3    Swain, D.P.4    Ordway, G.A.5    Mitchell, J.H.6
  • 63
    • 0034632856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise and reduced muscle mass in starlings
    • Swaddle, J. P. and Biewener, A. A. (2000). Exercise and reduced muscle mass in starlings. Nature 406, 585-586.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 585-586
    • Swaddle, J.P.1    Biewener, A.A.2
  • 64
    • 0028718786 scopus 로고
    • Relating mechanics and energetics during exercise
    • Taylor, C. R. (1994). Relating mechanics and energetics during exercise. Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp. Med. 38A, 181-215.
    • (1994) Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp. Med. , vol.38 A , pp. 181-215
    • Taylor, C.R.1
  • 66
    • 0001099786 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory exchange and evaporative water loss in the flying budgerigar
    • Tucker, V. A. (1968). Respiratory exchange and evaporative water loss in the flying budgerigar. J. Exp. Biol. 48, 67-87.
    • (1968) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.48 , pp. 67-87
    • Tucker, V.A.1
  • 67
    • 0015888949 scopus 로고
    • Bird metabolism during flight: Evaluation of a theory
    • Tucker, V. A. (1973). Bird metabolism during flight: evaluation of a theory. J. Exp. Biol. 58, 689-709.
    • (1973) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.58 , pp. 689-709
    • Tucker, V.A.1
  • 68
    • 0000492848 scopus 로고
    • The moment of inertia of bird wings and the inertial power requirement for flapping flight
    • Van den Berg, C. and Rayner, J. M. V. (1995). The moment of inertia of bird wings and the inertial power requirement for flapping flight. J. Exp. Biol. 198, 1655-1664.
    • (1995) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.198 , pp. 1655-1664
    • Van Den Berg, C.1    Rayner, J.M.V.2
  • 69
    • 0035746195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic power, mechanical power and efficiency during wind tunnel flight by the European starling Sturnus vulgaris
    • Ward, S., Moller, U., Rayner, J. M. V., Jackson, D. M., Bilo, D., Nachtigall, W. and Speakman, J. R. (2001). Metabolic power, mechanical power and efficiency during wind tunnel flight by the European starling Sturnus vulgaris. J. Exp. Biol. 204, 3311-3322.
    • (2001) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.204 , pp. 3311-3322
    • Ward, S.1    Moller, U.2    Rayner, J.M.V.3    Jackson, D.M.4    Bilo, D.5    Nachtigall, W.6    Speakman, J.R.7
  • 70
    • 11944265052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic power of European starlings Sturnus vulgaris during flight in a wind tunnel, estimated from heat transfer modelling, doubly labelled water and mask respirometry
    • Ward, S., Moller, U., Rayner, J. M. V., Jackson, D. M., Nachtigall, W. and Speakman, J. R. (2004). Metabolic power of European starlings Sturnus vulgaris during flight in a wind tunnel, estimated from heat transfer modelling, doubly labelled water and mask respirometry. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 4291-4298.
    • (2004) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.207 , pp. 4291-4298
    • Ward, S.1    Moller, U.2    Rayner, J.M.V.3    Jackson, D.M.4    Nachtigall, W.5    Speakman, J.R.6
  • 71
    • 0025787971 scopus 로고
    • The concept of symmorphosis: A testable hypothesis of structure-function relationship
    • Weibel, E. R., Taylor, C. and Hoppeler, H. (1991). The concept of symmorphosis: A testable hypothesis of structure-function relationship. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 10357-10361.
    • (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.88 , pp. 10357-10361
    • Weibel, E.R.1    Taylor, C.2    Hoppeler, H.3
  • 72
    • 0003036208 scopus 로고
    • Muscle performance in hovering hummingbirds
    • Wells, D. J. (1993). Muscle performance in hovering hummingbirds. J. Exp. Biol. 178, 39-57.
    • (1993) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.178 , pp. 39-57
    • Wells, D.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.