Calcium channel blocker toxicology

Journal of Pharmacy Practice

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 169-174

  Hedge, Matthew ^a,b  

^a Department of Emergency Medicine ^*  (United States)

^b WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Calcium channel blockers; Diltiazem; Glucagons; Insulin; Overdose

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATED CARBON; ADRENALIN; ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; AMINOPYRIDINE; AMLODIPINE; AMLODIPINE BESYLATE; AMRINONE; ATROPINE; BEPRIDIL; BICARBONATE; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHLORIDE; DIGOXIN; DILTACOR; DILTIAZEM; FELODIPINE; GLUCAGON; GLUCONATE CALCIUM; INSULIN; ISRADIPINE; MIBEFRADIL; NICARDIPINE; NIFEDIPINE; NIMODIPINE; NISOLDIPINE; NORADRENALIN; OXYGEN; VERAPAMIL;

ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; AORTA BALLOON; ARTIFICIAL HEART PACEMAKER; BRADYCARDIA; DRUG INTOXICATION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG OVERDOSE; ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION; FIRST PASS EFFECT; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; HEMODIALYSIS; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; INGESTION; NONHUMAN; OXYGENATION; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; STOMACH LAVAGE; SUSTAINED RELEASE FORMULATION; UNITED STATES; VASOCONSTRICTION;

EID: 18844400850     PISSN: 08971900     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0897190005276749     Document Type: Review

References (36)

1. Abernethy DR, Schwartz JB. Calcium-antagonist drugs. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1447-1457.
2. Watson WA, Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, et al. 2003 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. 2004;22:335-404.
3. Luomanmaki K, Tiula E, Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ. Pharmacokinetics of diltiazem in massive overdose. Ther Drug Monit. 1997;19:240-242.
4. Belson MG, Gorman SE, Sullivan K, Geller RJ. Calcium channel blocker ingestions in children. Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18:581-586.
5. Henrikson CA, Chandra-Strobos N. Calcium channel blocker overdose mimicking an acute myocardial infarction. Resuscitation. 2003;59:361-364.
6. Kline JA, Leonova E, Williams TC, Schroeder JD, Watts JA. Myocardial metabolism during graded intraportal verapamil infusion in awake dogs. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1996;27:719-726.
7. Durward A, Guerguerian AM, Lefebvre M, Shemie SD. Massive diltiazem overdose treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2003;4:372-376.
8. Gutierrez H, Jorgensen M. Colonic ischemia after verapamil overdose. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:535.
9. Sami Karti S, Ulusoy H, Yandi M, et al. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in the course of verapamil intoxication. Emerg Med J. 2002;19:458-459.
10. Vale JA, Position statement: gastric lavage. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1997;35:711-719.
11. Green R, Grierson R, Sitar DS, Tenenbein M. How long after drug ingestion is activated charcoal still effective? J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2001;39:601-605.
12. Chyka PA, Seger D. Position statement: single-dose activated charcoal. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1997;35:721-741.
13. Position statement and practice guidelines on the use of multidose activated charcoal in the treatment of acute poisoning. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37:731-751.
14. Albertson TE, Dawson A, de Latorre F, et al. TOX-ACLS; toxicologic-oriented advanced cardiac life support. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37(suppl 4):S78-S90.
15. Martin TJ, Kang Y, Robertson KM, Virji MA, Marquez JM. Ionization and hemodynamic effects of calcium chloride and calcium gluconate in the absence of hepatic function. Anesthesiology. 1990;73:62-65.
16. Lam YM, Tse HF, Lau CP. Continuous calcium chloride infusion for massive nifedipine overdose. Chest. 2001;119:1280-1282.
17. Mery PF, Brechler V, Pavoine C, Pecker F, Fischmeister R. Glucagon stimulates the cardiac Ca2+ current by activation of adenylyl cyclase and inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Nature. 1990;345:158-161.
18. Sauvadet A, Rohn T, Pecker F, Pavoine C. Synergistic actions of glucagon and miniglucagon on Ca2+ mobilization in cardiac cells. Circ Res. 1996;78:102-109.
19. Papadopoulos J, O'Neil MG. Utilization of a glucagon infusion in the management of a massive nifedipine overdose. J Emerg Med. 2000;18:453-455.
20. Bailey B. Glucagon in beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker overdoses: a systematic review. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003;41:595-602.
21. Coleman GM, Gradinac S, Taegtmeyer H, Sweeney M, Frazier OH. Efficacy of metabolic support with glucose-insulin-potassium for left ventricular pump failure after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Circulation. 1989;80(3 pt 1):I91-I96.
22. Law WR, McLane MP, Raymond RM. Effect of insulin on myocardial contractility during canine endotoxin shock. Cardiovasc Res. 1988;22:777-785.
23. Kline JA, Leonova E, Raymond RM. Beneficial myocardial metabolic effects of insulin during verapamil toxicity in the anesthetized canine. Crit Care Med. 1995;23:1251-1263.
24. Boyer EW, Shannon M. Treatment of calcium-channel-blocker intoxication with insulin infusion. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1721-1722.
25. Yuan TH, Kerns WP II, Tomaszewski CA, Ford MD, Kline JA. Insulin-glucose as adjunctive therapy for severe calcium channel antagonist poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37:463-474.
26. Wolf LR, Spadafora MP, Otten EJ. Use of amrinone and glucagon in a case of calcium channel blocker overdose. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:1225-1228.
27. Tanen DA, Ruha AM, Curry SC, Graeme KA, Reagan CG. Hypertonic sodium bicarbonate is effective in the acute management of verapamil toxicity in a swine model. Ann Emerg Med. 2000;36:547-553.
28. ter Wee PM, Kremer Hovinga TK, Uges DR, van der Geest S. 4-Aminopyridine and haemodialysis in the treatment of verapamil intoxication. Hum Toxicol. 1985;4:327-329.
29. Magdalan J. New treatment methods in verapamil poisoning: experimental studies. Pol J Pharmacol. 2003;55:425-432.
30. Bania TC, Blaufeux B, Hughes S, AlmondGL, Homel P. Calcium and digoxin vs. calcium alone for severe verapamil toxicity. Acad Emerg Med. 2000;7:1089-1096.
31. Bania TC, Chu J, Almond G, Perez E. Dose-dependent hemodynamic effect of digoxin therapy in severe verapamil toxicity. Acad Emerg Med. 2004;11:221-227.
32. Hill RE, Heard K, Bogdan GM, Cairns CB, Dart RC. Attenuation of verapamil-induced myocardial toxicity in an ex-vivo rat model using a verapamil-specific ovine immunoglobin. Acad Emerg Med. 2001;8:950-955.
33. Punukollu G, Gowda RM, Khan IA, Dogan OM. Delayed presentation of calcium channel antagonist overdose. Am J Ther. 2003;10:132-134.
34. Satchithananda DK, Stone DL, Chauhan A, Ritchie AJ, Lesson of the week: unrecognised accidental overdose with diltiazem. BMJ. 2000;321:160-161.
35. Holzer M, Sterz F, Schoerkhuber W, et al. Successful resuscitation of a verapamil-intoxicated patient with percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass. Crit Care Med. 1999;27:2818-2823.
36. Ramoska EA, Spiller HA, Myers A. Calcium channel blocker toxicity. Ann Emerg Med. 1990;19:649-653.