South Africa's emerging dominant-party regime

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 1998, Pages

  Giliomee, Hermann ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 18744435974     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.1998.0060     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. T.J. Pempel, ed., Uncommon Democracies: The One-Party Dominant Regimes (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1990), 1.
2. For a discussion of the elements of liberal democracy, see Larry Diamond, "Is the Third Wave Over?" Journal of Democracy 7 (July 1996): 23-24.
3. I discuss more fully the prospects for democratic consolidation in Liberal and Populist Democracy in South Africa: Challenges, New Threats to Liberalism (Johannesburg: South African Institute of Race Relations, 1996), 4-5; and in the conclusion to a book that I coedited with Lawrence Schlemmer, entitled The Bold Experiment: South Africa's New Democracy (Johannesburg: Southern Books, 1994), 168-202.
4. I discuss more fully the prospects for democratic consolidation in Liberal and Populist Democracy in South Africa: Challenges, New Threats to Liberalism (Johannesburg: South African Institute of Race Relations, 1996), 4-5; and in the conclusion to a book that I coedited with Lawrence Schlemmer, entitled The Bold Experiment: South Africa's New Democracy (Johannesburg: Southern Books, 1994), 168-202.
5. The definitive study is R.W. Johnson and Lawrence Schlemmer, eds., Launching Democracy in South Africa: The First Open Election, April 1994 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996).
6. See the survey results published in the Helen Suzman Foundation Focus, May 1997, 4-5.
7. See Vernon Bogdanor, "Forms of Autonomy and the Protection of Minorities," Daedalus 126 (Spring 1997): 66.
8. Pierre du Toit, "Bridge or Bridgehead?" in Hermann Giliomee and Charles Simkins, eds., The Awkward Embrace: Democracy and Dominant-Party Rule in Semi-Developed Countries (London: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1998), ch. 11.
9. Donald Horowitz, "Democracy in Divided Societies," Journal of Democracy 4 (October 1993): 25-27.
10. Andrew Reynolds, "Re-Running the 1994 South African and Malawian Parliamentary Elections Under Alternative Electoral Formulae" (unpublished manuscript, 1995).
11. Tom Lodge, "Election of a Special Kind," Southern African Review of Books (March-April 1994): 4.
12. There has been criticism of the NP's "myopia" in holding out for power-sharing instead of demanding electoral rules and mechanisms that offered a chance of breaking up the ANC as a liberation movement. See Ian Shapiro, Democracy's Place (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1996), 210-19. This ignores the fact that when the NP leaders were negotiating the interim constitution, they needed closed-list PR in order to assure their caucus that all members interested in prolonging their careers would be almost certain of retaining their seats. Without that, De Klerk would almost certainly have faced a caucus revolt that would have stopped the transition in its tracks. When the final constitution was negotiated in 1995-96, the ANC had enough power to insist on the perpetuation of closed-list PR.
13. Lawrence Schlemmer and Ian Hirschfeld, Founding Democracy and the New South African Voter (Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council, 1994), 48-50.
14. Lawrence Schlemmer and Charisse Levitz, Unemployment in South Africa (Johannesburg: South African Institute of Race Relations, 1998), 1-6.
15. James V. Jesudason, Ethnicity and the Economy: The State, Chinese Business and Multinationals in Malaysia (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1989), 173.
16. Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968), 147.
17. Anthony Johnson, "Mandela Lets Parties off the Hook," Cape Times (Cape Town), 5 March 1997, 9.
18. The quotations in this paragraph from Mandela's address are taken from the Sunday Times (Johannesburg), 21 December 1997, 4.
19. South African Institute of Race Relations, press release of 3 December 1997.
20. For an extended discussion, see Jesudason, Ethnicity and the Economy, 76-123.
21. James Jesudason, "Statist Democracy and the Limits to Civil Society in Malaysia," Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 33 (1995): 334-36.
22. Lawrence Schlemmer, "Democracy or Democratic Hegemony?" in Hermann Giliomee and Charles Simkins, eds., The Awkward Embrace, ch. 13.
23. Over the past two decades, the (reported) crime rate has risen by a third while the conviction rate has fallen by nearly as much. The odds that the perpetrator of a serious crime will be convicted are estimated currently at about 20 to 1. The absolute number of criminal convictions is at a forty-year low despite dramatic increases in both the population and crime rates. A collapse of morale (partly caused by affirmative action) is evident among law-enforcement officials: About one out of every three state prosecutors has resigned over the past two years, and private, security firms now employ twice as many people as the police. See Colin Douglas, "Dit lyk of die Staat heeltemal in duie stort" ("It looks as if the state is collapsing completely"), Die Burger (Cape Town), 25 June 1997, 8.