The Atapuerca Sites and Their Contribution to the Knowledge of Human Evolution in Europe

Evolutionary Anthropology

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 25-41

  Bermúdez De Castro, José María ^a,b   Martinón Torres, María ^d   Carbonell, Eudald ^b,c   Sarmiento, Susana ^d   Rosas, Antonio ^a,e   Van Der Made, J ^a,f   Lozano, Marina ^d  

^a CSIC   (Spain)

^b Atapuerca Research Project   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI   (Spain)

^d Atapuerca Team ^*

^e Atapuerca Research Team

^f Puerca Research Team

Author keywords

Ergaster; Heidelbergensis; Homo antecessor; Neanderthals

Indexed keywords

HOMO; HOMO ANTECESSOR; HOMO ERECTUS; HOMO ERGASTER;

EID: 18744429330     PISSN: 10601538     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/evan.10130     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Wood B. 1992. Origin and evolution of the genus Homo. Nature 355:783-790.
2. Braüer G. 1984. The "Afro-European sapiens hypothesis" and hominid evolution in East Asia during the late Middle and Upper Pleistocene. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 69:145-165.
3. Hublin JJ. 1982. Les anténéandertaliens: presapiens ou prénéandertaliens. Geobios 6:345-357.
4. Gabunia L, de Lumley MA, Vekua A, Lordkipanidze D, de Lumley H. 2002. Découverte d'un nouvel hominidé à Daminissi (Transcaucasie, Géorgie). C R Palevol 1:243-253.
5. Wood B. 1994. Taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of Homo erectus. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 171:341-361.
6. Martinez I, Arsuaga JL. 1997. The temporal bones from Sima de los Huesos Middle Pleistocene site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain): a phylogenetic approach, J Hum Evol 33:283-318.
7. Rightmire GP. 1998. Human evolution in the Middle Pleistocene: the role of Homo heidelbergensis. Evol Anthropol 6:218-227.
8. Tattersall I. 1986. Species recognition in human paleontology. J Hum Evol 15:163-173.
9. Tattersall I. 1992. Species concepts and species identification in human evolution. J Hum Evol 22:341-349.
10. Kimbel WH, Rak Y. 1993. The importance of species taxa in paleoanthropology and an argument for the phylogenetic concept of the species category. In: Kimbel WH, Martin LB, editors. Species, species concepts, and primate evolution. New York: Plenum Press, p 461-485.
11. Harrison T. 1993. Cladistic concepts and the species problem in hominoid evolution. In: Kimbel WH, Martin LB, editors. Species, species concepts, and primate evolution. New York: Plenum Press. p 345-372.
12. Aguirre E, Basabe JM, Torres T. 1976. Los fósiles humanos de Atapuerca (Burgos): nota preliminar. Zephyrus 26-27:489-511.
13. Aguirre E, Arsuaga JL, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Carbonell E, Ceballos M, Díez C, Enamorado J, Fernández Y, Gil E, Gracia A, Martín-Nájera A, Martínez I, Morales J, Ortega AI, Rosas A, Sánchez A, Sánchez B, Sesé C, Soto E, Torres T. 1988. The Atapuerca sites and the Ibeas hominids. Hum Evol 5:55-73.
14. Arsuaga JL, Martínez I, Gracia A, Carretero JM, Lorenzo C, García N, Ortega AI. 1997. Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain): the site. J Hum Evol 33:109-127.
15. Bischoff JL, Fitzpatrick JA, León L, Arsuaga JL, Falguères C, Bahain JJ, Bullen T. 1997. Geology and preliminary dating of the hominid-bearing sedimentary fill of the Sima de los Huesos Chamber, Cueva Mayor of the Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain. J Hum Evol 33:129-154.
16. Cuenca-Bescós G, Laplana-Conesa C, Canudo JI, Arsuaga JL. 1997. Small mammals from Sima de los Huesos. J Hum Evol 33:175-190.
17. Parés JM, Pérez-González A, Weil AB, Arsuaga JL. 2000. On the age of the hominid fossils at the Sima de los Huesos, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain: paleomagnetic evidence. Am J Phys Anthropol 111:451-561.
18. Bischoff JL, Shampa DD, Aramburu A, Arsuaga JL, Carbonell E, Bermúdez de Castro JM. 2003. The Sima de los Huesos hominids date to beyond U/Th equilibrium (> 350 kyrs) and perhaps to 400-600 kyrs: new radiometric dates. J Archaeol Sci 30:275-280.
19. Bermúdez de Castro JM, Martinón-Torres M, Bermúdez de Castro A, Muela A, Sarmiento S, Lozano M. n.d. Paleodemografía del yacimiento del Pleistocene medio de la Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos). Alcalá de Henares, Museo Arqueológico Regional de Madrid. In press.
20. Carbonell E, Mosquera M, Ollé A, Rodríguez XP, Sala R, Vergés JM, Arsuaga JL, Bermúdez de Castro JM. 2003. Les premiers rites funeraires auraient-ils pris place a Atapuerca, il y a 340 000 ans? L'Anthropologie 107:1-14.
21. Parés JM, Pérez-González A. 1999. Magneto-chronology and stratigraphy at Gran Dolina section, Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain). J Hum Evol 37: 325-342.
22. Carbonell E, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Arsuaga JL, Díez JC, Rosas A, Cuenca-Bescós G, Sala R, Mosquera M, Rodríguez XP. 1995. Lower Pleistocene hominids and artifacts from Atapuerca-TD6 (Spain). Science 269:826-830.
23. Parés JM, Pérez-González A. 1995. Paleomagnetic age for hominid fossils at Atapuerca site, Spain. Science 269:830-832.
24. Falguères C, Bahain J-J, Yokoyama Y, Arsuaga JL, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Carbonell E, Bischoff JL, Dolo J-M. 1999. Earliest humans in Europe: the age of TD6 Gran Dolina, Atapuerca, Spain. J Hum Evol 37:343-352.
25. García Antón M. 1989. Estudio palinológico de los yacimientos meso-pleistocenos de Atapuerca (Burgos): reconstrucción paisajística y palo-climática. Tesis Doctoral, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
26. Rodríguez J. 1997. Paleoecología del Pleistocene de Atapuerca. Tesis Doctoral, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
27. Sánchez-Marco A. 1999. Implications of the avian fauna for paleoecology in the Early Pleistocene of the Iberian Peninsula. J Hum Evol 37: 375-388.
28. van der Made J. 1999. Ungulates from Atapuerca TD6. J Hum Evol 37:389-413.
29. García N, Arsuaga JL. 1999. Carnivores from the early Pleistocene hominid-bearing Trinchera Dolina 6 (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). J Hum Evol 37:415-430.
30. Cuenca-Bescós G, Laplana-Conesa C, Canudo JI. 1999. Biochronological implications of the Arvicolidae (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Lower Pleistocene hominid-bearing level of Trinchera Dolina 6 (TD6, Atapuerca, Spain). J Hum Evol 37:353-373.
31. Fejfar O, Heinrich W-D, editors. 1990. Presented at International Symposium on Evolution, Phylogeny and Biostratigraphy of Arvicolids (Rodentia, Mammalia), Rohanov, Czechoslovakia.
32. Agustí J, Moyà-Solà S. 1992. Mammalian dispersal events in the Spanish Pleistocene. Courier Forschungisntitut Senckenberg 153:69-77.
33. Arsuaga JL, Martínez I, Gracia A, Carretero JM, Carbonell E. 1993. Three new human skulls from the Sima de los Huesos Middle Pleistocene site in Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. Nature 362: 534-537.
34. Rosas A, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Aguirre E. 1991. Mandibules et dents d'Ibeas (Espagne) dans le contexte de l'evolution humaine en Europe. L'Anthropologie 4:89-102.
35. Rosas A. 1995. 17 new mandibular specimens from the Atapuerca/Ibeas Middle Pleistocene hominids sample (1985-1992). J Hum Evol 28: 533-559.
36. Arsuaga JL, Martínez I, Gracia A, Lorenzo C. 1997. The Sima de los Huesos crania (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). A comparative study. J Hum Evol 33:219-281.
37. Bermúdez de Castro JM. 1988. Dental remains from Atapuerca/Ibeas (Spain) II. Morphology. J Hum Evol 17:279-304.
38. Bermúdez de Castro JM. 1993. The Atapuerca dental remains: new evidence (1987-1991 excavations) and interpretations. J Hum Evol 24:339-371.
39. Stringer CB. 1993. Secrets of the Pit of the Bones. Nature 362:501-502.
40. Schoetensack O. 1908. Der Unterkiefer des Homo heidelbergensis aus den Sanden von Mauer bel Heidelberg: ein Beitrag zur Palaöntologie des Menschen. Leipzig: Engelmann.
41. Aguirre E, de Lumley MA. 1977. Fossil men from Atapuerca, Spain: their bearing on human evolution in the Middle Pleistocene. J Hum Evol 6:681-688.
42. Rosas A. 1987. Two new mandibular fragments from Atapuerca/Ibeas mandibles sample. J Hum Evol 16:417-427.
43. Rosas A, Bermúdez de Castro JM. 1998. The Mauer mandible and the evolutionary significance of Homo heidelbergensis. Geobios 31:687-697.
44. Bermúdez de Castro JM, Rosas A, Nicolás MA. 1999. Dental remains from Atapuerca-TD6 (Gran Dolina site Burgos, Spain). J Hum Evol 37:523-566.
45. Stringer CB. 1996. Current issues in modern human origins. In: Meikle WE, Howell FC, Jablonski NG, editors. Contemporary issues in human evolution. San Francisco; California Academy of Sciences, Memoir 21. p 115-133.
46. Tattersall I. 2000. Paleoanthropology: the last half-century. Evol Anthropol 4:2-16.
47. Bermúdez de Castro JM, Arsuaga JL, Carbonell E, Rosas A, Martínez I, Mosquera M. 1997. A hominid from the Lower Pleistocene of Atapuerca, Spain: possible ancestor to Neandertals and modern humans. Science 276:1392-1395.
48. Rightmire GP. 1996. The human cranium from Bodo, Ethiopia: evidence for speciation in the Middle Pleistocene? J Hum Evol 31:21-39.
49. Clark JD, de Heinzelin J, Schick KD, Hart WK, White TD, WoldeGabriel G, Walter RC, Suwa G, Asfaw B, Vrba E, H-Selassie Y. 1994. African Homo erectus: old radiometric ages and young Oldowan assemblages in the Middle Awash valley, Ethiopia. Science 264:1907-1910.
50. Stringer CB. 1983. Some further notes on the morphology and dating of the Petralona hominid. J Hum Evol 12:731-742.
51. Stringer CB. 1985. Middle Pleistocene variability and the origin of Late Pleistocene humans. In: Delson E, editor. Ancestors: the hard evidence. New York: Alan R. Liss, p 289-295.
52. Stringer CB, McKie R. 1991. African exodus: the origin of modern humanity. London: Jonathan Cape.
53. Tattersall I. 1996. The last Neanderthal. New York: Macmillan.
54. Abbate E, Albianelli A, Azzaroli A, Benvenuti M, Tesfamariam B, Bruni P, Cipriani N, Clarke RJ, Ficcarelli G, Macchiarelli R, Napoleone G, Papini M, Rook L, Sagri M, Tecle TM, Torre D, Villa I. 1998. A one-million-year-old Homo cranium from the Danakil (Afar) Depression of Eritrea. Nature 393:458-460.
55. Asfaw B, Gilbert WH, Beyene Y, Hart WK, Renne PR, WoldeGabriel G, Vrba ES, White TD. 2002. Remains of Homo erectus from Bouri, Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Nature 416:317-320.
56. Manzi G, Bruner E, Passarello P. 2003. The one-million-year-old Homo cranium from Bouri (Ethiopia): a reconsideration of its Homo erectus affinities. J Hum Evol 44:731-736.
57. Stringer CB, Howell FC, Melentis JK. 1979. The significance of the fossil hominid skull from Petralona, Greece. J Archaeol Sci 6:235-253.
58. Rightmire GP. 1983. The Lake Ndutu cranium and early Homo sapiens in Africa. Am J Phys Anthropol 61:245-254.
59. Arsuaga JL, Martínez I, Lorenzo C, Gracia A, Muñoz A, Alonso O, Gallego J. 1999. The human cranial remains from Gran Dolina Lower Pleistocene site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). J Hum Evol 37:431-457.
60. Carretero JM, Lorenzo C, Arsuaga JL. 1999. Axial and appendicular skeleton of Homo antecessor. J Hum Evol 37:459-499.
61. Lorenzo C, Arsuaga JL, Carretero JM. 1999. Hand and foot remains from the Gran Dolina Early Pleistocene site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). J Hum Evol 37:501-522.
62. Ascenzi A, Biddittu I, Cassoli PF, Segre AG, Segre-Naldini E. 1996. A calvarium of late Homo erectus from Ceprano, Italy. J Hum Evol 31:409-423.
63. Ascenzi A, Mallegni F, Manzi G, Segre AG, Segre-Naldini E. 2000. A reappraisal of Ceprano calvaria affinities with Homo erectus, after the new reconstruction. J Hum Evol 39:443-450.
64. Clarke RJ. 2000. A corrected reconstruction and interpretation of the Homo erectus calvaria from Ceprano, Italy. J Hum Evol 39:433-442.
65. Manzi G, Mallegni F, Ascenzi A. 2001. A cranium for the earliest Europeans: phylogenetic position of the hominid from Ceprano, Italy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:10011-10016.
66. Rosas A, Bermúdez de Castro JM. 1998. On the taxonomic affinities of the Dmanisi mandible (Georgia). Am J Phys Anthropol 107:145-162.
67. Gabunia L, Vekua A. 1995. A Plio-Pleistocene hominid from Dmanisi East Georgia, Caucasus. Nature 373:509-512.
68. Gabunia L, Vekua A, Lorkidpanidze D, Swisher CC, Ferring R, Justus A, Nioradze M, Tvalchrelidze M, Antón SC, Bosinski G, Jöris O, de Lumley MA, Majsuradze G, Mouskhelishvili A. 2000. Earliest Pleistocene hominid cranial remains from Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia: taxonomy, geological setting, and age. Science 288: 1019-1025.
69. Vekua A, Lordkipanidze D, Rightmire GP, Agusti J, Ferring R, Maisuradze G, Mouskhelishvili A, Nioradze M, Ponce de León M, Tappen M, Tvalchrelidze M, Zollikofer C. 2002. A new skull of early Homo from Dmanisi, Georgia. Science 297:85-89.
70. Rosas A, Pérez-González A, Carbonell E, van der Made J, Sánchez A, Laplana C, Cuenca-Bescós G, Parés JM, Huguet R. 2001. Le gisement pléistocéne de la "Sima del Elefante" (Sierra de Atapuerca, Espagne). L'Anthropologie 105:301-312.
71. Oms O, Parés JM, Martínez-Navarro B, Agustí J, Toro I, Martínez-Fernández G, Turq A. 2000. Early human occupation of Western Europe: paleomagnetic dates for two paleolithic sites in Spain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:10666-10670.
72. Carbonell E, Mosquera M, Rodríguez XP, Sala R, Van der Made J. 1999. Out of Africa: the dispersal of the earliest technical systems reconsidered. J Anthropol Archaeol 18:119-136.
73. van der Made J. 2001. Les ongulés d'Atapuerca: stratigraphie et biogéographie. L'Anthropologie 105:95-113.
74. van der Made J, Aguirre E, Bastir M, Fernández-Jalvo Y, Huguet R, Laplana C, Márquez B, Martínez C, Martinón-Torres M, Rosas A, Rodríguez J, Sánchez A, Sarmiento S, Bermúdez de Castro JM. El registro paleontológico y arqueológico de los yacimientos de la Trinchera del Ferrocarril en la Sierra de Atapuvverca. Col-Pa. In press.
75. Maglio VJ, Cooke HBS, editors. 1978. Evolution of African mammals. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
76. Bermúdez de Castro JM, Martinón-Torres M, Sarmiento S, Lozano M. 2003. Gran Dolina-TD6 versus Sima de los Huesos dental samples from Atapuerca: evidence of discontinuity in the European Pleistocene population? J Archaeol Sci 30:1421-1428.
77. Hublin JJ. 1990. Les peuplements paléolithiques de l'Europe: un point de vue paléobiogeographique. Mémoires du Musée de Prehist. D'Ile-de-France 3:29-37.
78. Rightmire GP. 1997. Deep roots for the Neanderthals. Nature 389:917-918.
79. Rak Y. 1986. The Neanderthal: a new look at an old face. J Hum Evol 15:151-164.
80. Trinkaus E. 1987. The Neandertal face: evolutionary and functional perpectives on a recent hominid face. J Hum Evol 16:429-443.
81. Schwartz JH, Tattersall I. 1996. Significance of some previously unrecognized apomorphies in the nasal region of Homo neanderthalensis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:10852-10854.
82. Rosas A, Bermúdez de Castro JM. 1999. The ATD6-5 mandibular specimen from Gran Dolina (Atapuerca, Spain): morphological study and phylogenetic implications. J Hum Evol 37:567-590.
83. Turner CG II, Nichol CR, Scott GR. 1991. Scoring procedures for key morphological traits of the permanent dentition: the Arizona State University dental anthropology system. In: Kelley MA, Larsen CS, editors. Advances in dental anthropology. New York: Wiley-Liss, p 13-22.
84. Irish JD. 1993. Biological affinities of Late Pleistocene through modern African aboriginal populations: the dental evidence. Ph.D. Dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
85. Bermúdez de Castro JM, Nicolás ME. 1995. Posterior dental size reduction in hominids: the Atapuerca evidence. Am J Phys Anthropol 96:335-356.
86. Bermúdez de Castro JM. 1986. Dental remains from Atapuerca (Spain) I. Metrics. J Hum Evol 15:265-287.
87. Bermúdez de Castro JM, Nicolás ME. 1997. Palaeodemography of the Atapuerca-SH Middle Pleistocene hominid sample. J Hum Evol 33:333-355.
88. Bermúdez de Castro JM, Sarmiento S, Cunha E, Rosas A, Bastir M. 2001. Dental size variation in the Atapuerca-SH Middle Pleistocene hominids. J Hum Evol 41:195-209.
89. Bermúdez de Castro JM, Rosas A. 2001. Pattern of dental development in Hominid XVIII from the Middle Pleistocene Atapuerca-Sima de los Huesos site (Spain). Am J Phys Anthropol 114:325-330.
90. Wolpoff MH. 1979. The Krapina dental remains. Am J Phys Anthropol 50:67-114.
91. Miles AEW. 1963. The dentition in the assessment of individual age in skeletal material. In: Brothwell DR, editor. Dental Anthropology Oxford: Pergamon Press, p 191-209.
92. Bermúdez de Castro JM, Martinón-Torres M, Sarmiento S, Lozano M, Arsuaga JL, Carbonell E. 2003. Rates of anterior teeth wear in Middle Pleistocene hominins from Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:11992-11996.
93. Rosas A, Bastir M, Martínez-Maza C, Bermúdez de Castro JM. 2002. Sexual dimorphism in the Atapuerca-SH hominids: the evidence from the mandibles. J Hum Evol 42:451-474.
94. Bermúdez de Castro JM, Martinón-Torres M, Bermúdez de Castro A, Muela A, Sarmiento S, Lozano M. n.d. Paleodemografía del yacimiento del Pleistocene medio de la Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos). In: Baquedano E, editor. Volumen Homenaje al Profesor Emiliano Aguirre. Alcalá de Henares: Publ. Museo Arqueológico Regional de la Comunidad de Madrid. In press.
95. Walker PL, Johnson JR, Lambert PM. 1988. Age and sex biases in the preservation of human skeletal remains. Am J Phys Anthropol 76:183-188.
96. Andrews P, Fernández-Jalvo Y. 1997. Surface modifications of the Sima de los Huesos fossil humans. J Hum Evol 33:191-217.
97. Lyman RL. 1994. Vertebrate taphonomy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
98. Margerison BJ, Knüsel CJ. 2002. Paleodemo-graphic comparison of a catastrophic and an attritional death assemblage. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:134-143.
99. Bocquet-Appel JP, Arsuaga JL. 1999. Age distributions of hominid samples at Atapuerca (SH) and Krapina could indicate accumulation by catastrophe. J Arachaeol Sci 26:327-338.
100. Fernández-Jalvo Y, Díez JC, Cáceres I, Rosell J. 1999. Human cannibalism in the Early Pleistocene of Europe (Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain). J Hum Evol 37:591-622.
101. Díez JC, Fernández-Jalvo Y, Rosell J, Cáceres I. 1999. Zooarchaeology and taphonomy of Aurora Stratum (Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). J Hum Evol 37:623-652.
102. Gabunia L, de Lumley MA, Vekua A, Lord-kipanidze D, de Lumley H. 2001. Découverte d'un nouvle hominidé à Dmanissi (Transcaucasie, Géorgie). C R Palevol 1:243-253.
103. Manzi G. 2004. Human evolution at the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary. Evol Anth 13. (In press.)